Objective To explore the diagnosis and surgical treatment for rupture of small intestine.Methods Diagnostic methods and surgical treartment of 78 closed rupture of small intestine were analyzed retrospectively.Results The positive rates of abdominal puncture and abdominal X-ray were 89.7% and 32.0%,respectively 30.7% cases were complicated with other organs injured.All the patients were performed on the surgical operation,among which repairment for the small intestine rupture was performed in 58 cases(74.4%),partial resection of small intestine was performed in 18 cases (23.1%) and anastomsis of small intestine performed in 2 cases (2.5%).4 cases were reoperated because of delayed rupture of small intestine.3 cases died of MODS.Conclusion Diagnostic abdominal puncture plays an important role in the early diagnosis of closed rupture of small intestine.The selection of operative method is based on the degree of rupture.Suitable application of antibiotics is the key to reducing the complications.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and surgical treatment for rupture of small intestine.Methods Diagnostic methods and surgical treartment of 78 closed rupture of small intestine were analyzed retrospectively.Results The positive rates of abdominal puncture and abdominal X ray were 89.7% and 32.0%,respectively 30.7% cases were complicated with other organs injured.All the patients were performed on the surgical operation,among which repairment for the small intestine rupture was performed in 58 cases(74.4%),partial resection of small intestine was performed in 18 cases (23.1%) and anastomsis of small intestine performed in 2 cases (2.5%).4 cases were reoperated because of delayed rupture of small intestine.3 cases died of MODS.Conclusion Diagnostic abdominal puncture plays an important role in the early diagnosis of closed rupture of small intestine.The selection of operative method is based on the degree of rupture.Suitable application of antibiotics is the key to reducing the complications.

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is one of the most prevalent growth factors in the central nervous system (CNS).In the development and maturation processes of the nervous system,BDNF plays an important role in maintaining neuronal function,promoting neuronal regeneration after injury,and preventing neuronal degeneration,etc.At present,many researchers are being dedicated to the research of BDNF for treatment of brain ischemia and have achieved some progress.This article reviews the molecular biological characteristics and biological function of BDNF,roles and mechanisms in cerebral ischemia,and the possibility as an intervention target of cerebral ischemia.

Objective To evaluate the effct of full increase of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy on esophageal carcinoma.Methods 86 Esophageal cancer patients which has been pathologically confirmed were randomly divided into study group and control group.The control group showed in tumor invasion scope simulator under barium meal positioning,with three fields outside irradiation;Total dose of DT with 63～70 Gy,35 times,seven weeks to complete.Study group showed that full use of additional 3D treatment planning system design individualized treatment programs,90% of the dose contains all planned target volume,future confonnal irradiation DY 44～50 Gy,after the wild-shrinkage increases to a total dose DT66～75 Gy,30 times,completed six weeks.Results The study group and the control group after radiotherapy in a local control rates were 86.4%and 64.3%(x2=4.5420,P＜0.05).Overall response rate(CR+PR)in two group were 93.2%and 76.2%(x2=3.6014,P=0.0577).Two toxicity of the difference was not significant.Conclusion The increase in full three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy of esophageal emleer in the near future is better than conventional methods.

AIM: To investigate the effect of peripheral administration of arginine vasopressin (AVP) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced fever and hyperalgesia in rats and its relationship with interleukine-1β (IL-1β) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2).METHODS: The core temperature (Tc), brown adipose tissue (BAT) temperature and activity were measured by telemetry in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats at an ambient temperature of 23 ℃ during a 12 h light/12 h dark photoperiod (lights on at 06:00 and lights off at 18:00).The rats were intraperitoneally injected with LPS (50 μg/kg), AVP (10 μg/kg) or V1a vasopressin receptor antagonist (V1a antagonist, 30 μg/kg) at 10:00 or 11:30.Hyperalgesia was assessed by measuring the latency to withdraw a hindpaw from radiant heat (Hargreaves test).The concentrations of IL-1β and PGE2 in the serum were tested by ELISA.RESULTS: Intraperitoneal administration of LPS induced periods of biphasic fever accompanied by hyperalgesia.AVP reversed LPS-induced fever, and decreased the hyperalgesia and BAT thermogenesis.Peripheral administration of V1a antagonist enhanced the fever produced by LPS, but did not affect the hyperalgesia.AVP significantly attenuated LPS-induced IL-1β and PGE2 production.CONCLUSION: Peripheral administration of AVP reverses LPS-induced fever and decreases hyperalgesia by reduction of BAT thermogenesis and inhibition of IL-1β and PGE2.Endogenous AVP attenuates the fever induced by LPS, but does not affect the nociceptive thresholds.

AIM: To study antipyretic, anti-inflammtory, analgesia and antisepsis effect of Renshenbaidu Pills.(Rhizouia Seu Radix Notopterygii, Radix Bupleuri, Radix Ginseup, etc) METHODS: The antipyretic effect of the pills was observed using rabbits fever model carrageenine caused foot swelling of rat, analgesic effect was tested by the method of writhes of mice, the method was applied antibacterial in vitro. RESULTS: Renshenbaidu Pills remarkably brought down the body temperature in experimental animal with fever 1.5 g/kg of Renshenbaidu Pills had the obvious anti-inflammatory effect and notable analgesic action on the reaction of writhes of mice induced by acestic acid, it had antisepsis effect. CONCLUSION: Renshenbaidu Pills are better than Renshenbaidu Powder, it has antiyretic, antiinflammatory, analgesia and antisepsis effects.

Objective To study the subcutaneous injection of physostigmine (PHY) inducing hypothermic response and its relationship with endogenous arginine vasopressin ( AVP). Methods Core temperature and motor activity were monitored by telemetry in female rats maintained at an ambient temperature of 25℃. Tail skin temperature was measured at 30 min intervals with digital thermometer. The central cholinergic antagonist, scopolamine ( lmg/kg ) and AVP V_1 receptor antagonist were administered during the period of PHY (0. 25mg/kg) induced hypothermia. Plasma AVP concentration was measured at 50 min after administration of PHY. Results Subcutaneous injection of PHY led to a rapid reduction in core temperature concomitant with a marked elevation in the heat loss from the tail. The hypothermic response of PHY was blocked by scopolamine and AVP V1 antagonist. Plasma AVP concentration increased markedly at 50 min after PHY. Conclusion The results suggest that endogenous A VP could be involved in PHY -induced hypothermic processes. This may be a novel mechanisms of action for a reversible anticholinesterase drug ( such as PHY ) - induced hypothermia.

Objective To investigate the effects of early physiotherapy in combination with atorvastatin on the levels of serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurological function in patients with acute ischemic stroke.Methods Fifty patients with acute ischemic stroke were randomly divided into either an atorvastatin group (monotherapy group,n =25) or a early physiotherapy + atorvastatin group (combination treatment group,n =25).All patients received the prescribed drugs according to the diagnosis and treatment guidelines for ischemic stroke.The monotherapy group added atorvastatin calcium (20 mg,1 tablet every night orally).On the basis of the monotherapy group,the combination treatment group also conducted early physical therapy.At 2 and 6 weeks before and after treatment,a double-antboody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect the serum BDNF levels.The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) was used to evaluate the degree of neurological deficit.Barthel index (BI) was used to evaluate the activities of daily living.The modified Rankin scale (mRS) was used to assess the degree of disability.Results There was no significant difference in demographics and baseline data between the monotherapy group and the combination treatment group.The scores of NIHSS,BI,and mRS in both groups after treatment were significantly better than those before treatment (all P ＜ 0.001).There were no difference in the scores of NIHSS,BI and mRS at 2 weeks before and after treatment,but at 6 weeks after treatment,the scores of NIHSS (2.40 ± 1.38 vs.3.36 ± 1.73; P =0.035) and mRS (1.40 ± 0.87 vs.1.96 ±0.94; P =0.047) of the combination treatment group were significantly lower than those of the monotherapy group,and the BI scores (92.60 ±7.50 vs.85.20 ± 11.68; P=0.011) were significantly higher than those of the monotherapy group.After treatment,the serum BDNF levels were increased significantly in both groups.There were significant differences among all the time points (all P＜0.001).At 2 weeks after treatment,the serum BDNF levels (3.07 ±0.93 ng/ml vs.2.45 ±0.76 ng/ml; t =2.559,P =0.014) and at 6 weeks after treatment,those (2.90 ± 0.93 ng/ml vs.2.31 ± 0.77 ng/ml; t =2.433,P =0.019) in the combination treatment group were significantly higher than those in the monotherapy group.Spearman correlation analysis showed that the serum BDNF levels were significantly negatively correlated with the scores of NIHSS (r =-0.738,P ＜ 0.001) and mRS (r =-0.654,P ＜ 0.001),but they were significantly positively correlated with the BI scores (r =0.716,P ＜ 0.001).No serious adverse reaction occurred in both groups.Conclusions Early physiotherapy in combination with atorvastatin for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke can more effectively promote the recovery of neurological function,and its mechanism may be associated with the increased serum BDNF levels.

After a literature review of the HPMC capsules, the research status of the HPMC capsules in vivo and in vitro are summarized, including the application status, the superiority over hard gelatin capsules and in particularly the disintegration release in vitro and bioavailability in vivo, as well as pharmacokinetics difference compared with conventional gelatine capsules, are explored in depth. Finally, the future applications of HPMC capsules are prospected.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare Carbinoxamine maleate sustained-release suspension,and evaluate its quality. METH-ODS:Using carbinoxamine maleate as raw material,drug-loaded resin was prepared by cation exchange resin;surface coating method was used to finally prepare sustained-release suspension,using Eudragit RS100 as sustained-release coating material to pre-pare sustained-release microparticles. HPLC was conducted to determine the content of carbinoxamine maleate,release degree of original preparations and self-made suspensions was compared,drug-loading capacity was calculated. RESULTS:The drug amount in preparing drug-loaded resin was 2%,reaction temperature was 25 ℃,and reaction time was 4 h;the drug-loading capacity in surface coating was 35%,amount of coating material was 10%,and reaction temperature was 40 ℃. The drug-loading capacities of sustained particles before and after coating were 35.23%,32.72%,respectively;the yield was 96.82%. The carbinoxamine ma-leate in prepared sustained-release suspension accounted for 98.76% of the labeled amount;release degree in 10 h reached about 80%,f2 was 65.73. CONCLUSIONS:Carbinoxamine maleate sustained-release suspension is prepared successfully,and its release is similar to the original preparation.