Yttrium vanadate:europium nanoprobes (YVO4∶Eu NPs) with good fluorescence properties and water solubility were synthesized by solvent thermal method.Due to the overlapping of the excitation spectrum of YVO4∶Eu NPs and the absorption spectrum of tryptophan, fluorescent internal filter effect (IFE) occurred, in which YVO4∶Eu NPs were the fluorophore and tryptophan was the absorber, leading the fluorescence of YVO4∶Eu NPs was quenched.Therefore, a new method for the determination of tryptophan was established by using fluorescent YVO4∶Eu as nanoprobes based on IFE.Some experimental parameters, such as the adding amount of YVO4∶Eu NPs, pH value of the reacting solution, and reacting time, were investigated.Under the optimum reaction conditions, the linear range of the method was 4.0×10-6-4.0×104 mol/L and the detection limit was 1.0×10-6 mol/L (3σ).The content of tryptophan in the soy sauce was determined with the recovery of 95.2% and 97.3%.This method is simple, rapid, sensitive and accurate.

Objective:To establish the specific chromatogram of Fufang Shexiang injection and simultaneously determine five com-ponents( menthol,borneol,patchouli alcohol,muscone,α-asarone) in the injection by GC. Methods:The sample solution was extracted by a solid-phase extraction method. The separation was performed on a DB-WAX GC capillary column with an FID detection. Results:The specific chromatogram had six common peaks, and the similarity was above 0. 91. The five chemical components(menthol,borne-ol,patchouli alcohol,muscone,α-asarone) were well separated and with good linear relationship, the recoveries were between 95. 1 and 102. 6%, and RSD was less than 3. 0%. Conclusion:The method is simple, accurate and reproducible. The specific chromatogram combined with multi-component determination can reflect the overall quality of Fufang Shexiang injection, which can be used for the quality control of the preparation.

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of application of PBL method on otolaryngology education for medical undergraduates.Methods Totally 61 medical undergraduates of Class 2009 at Peking Union Medical College were enrolled into this study.There are 22 males and 39 females and aged 23-26 years old.They were grouped randomly into two groups: the PBL group (n=29) and the traditional teaching method group (n=32).Questionnaires were collected and statistical analyses were conducted.Results The scores of the evaluations for education of otolaryngology after teaching were much better than those before teaching in the PBL group in most aspects according to the questionnaires (P<0.05).In traditional teaching method group, there are only few aspects` scores much better than those before teaching.Comparing the two teaching methods shows, in most aspects, the scores of PBL group are much higher than those of the traditional teaching method group.ConclusionsCombination of PBL with other teaching method will be an ideal way for medical education in otolaryngology.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of eating out among children and adolescents aged 6-17 in Hebei Province, and to explore the association between eating out and overweight/obesity. Methods: Data came from Children and Nurse Nutrition Health Monitoring of China during 2016-2017. Questionnaire surveys and anthropometric measures was conducted among 3 330 children aged 6-17 in 12 survey sites. Multivariate Logistics stepwise regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors of eating out and the relationship between eating out and overweight/obesity. Results: The proportion of eating out was 16.19%, and the rate of overweight and obesity was 29.43%. Multivariate analysis showed that the older children (junior high school students:OR=1.36; high school students:OR=3.57, both P<0.05) and adolescents from highincome families (10 000~<20 000 CNY:OR=1.48; ≥20 000 CNY:OR=2.93, both P<0.05) were more likely to eat out. Children and adolescents living in rural areas (OR=0.20, P<0.01), nononlychild (OR=0.76, P=0.02), day school students (OR=0.21, P<0.01), and the primary caregivers of the elderly (OR=0.69, P=0.03) were less likely to eat out. In addition, eating out was statistically associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity (OR=1.31, P<0.01). Conclusion Eating out is common among children and adolescents aged 6-17 in Hebei Province. Residency, age, household income, onechild family, boarding and and eating out behaviors of primary caregivers are associated with eating out among children and adolescents. Eating out may increase the risk of overweight/obesity in children.

Epilepsy is a kind of brain dysfunction syndrome characterized by paroxysmal,transient,repetitive and rigid characteristics caused by abnormal discharge of highly synchronized neurons in the brain.Epilepsy is often accompanied by cognitive dysfunction.At present,anti-seizure medications are the most important methods of clinical treatment.Most of the traditional anti-seizure medications can cause cognitive dysfunction,and the influence of new anti-seizure medications on cognitive function is not completely clear.This paper reviews the influence of new anti-seizure medications on cognitive function and the possible related mechanisms of action based on relevant literature at home and abroad.It is expected that clinicians should pay attention to cognitive function in the process of diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy,and help clinicians realize the influence of anti-seizure medications on cognitive function,and rationally choose anti-seizure medications for patients.

Objective:To explore the differences of anterior segment parameters in Uyghur patients with pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PEX), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEXG), primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) and age-related cataracts in Xinjiang.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted, Uyghur patients included 114 eyes of 84 cases with PEX, 96 eyes of 70 cases with PEXG, 88 eyes of 72 cases with POAG and 80 eyes of 80 cases with age-related cataracts (control, CON) who had received treatment in Ophthalmology Center of Xinjiang Military Region General Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army from April 2019 to July 2020 were selected to obtained central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), axial length (AL) and corneal curvature (horizontal curvature K1 and vertical curvature K2).Results:There was no significant difference in gender ratio and age of patients between CON, PEX, PEXG and POAG groups ( P > 0.05). The CCT of patients in CON, PEX, PEXG and POAG groups were (545.52 ± 34.22), (536.81 ± 42.64), (516.74 ± 32.39) and (530.38 ± 28.72) μm, respectively, the CCT in CON, PEX and POAG groups were all higher than those in PEXG group ( P < 0.05), and the CCT in PEXG group became thinner. The ACD of patients in CON, PEX, PEXG and POAG groups were (3.05 ± 0.38), (2.87 ± 0.36), (2.77 ± 0.41), (2.81 ± 0.32) mm, respectively, compared with CON group, the ACD in PEX, PEXG and POAG groups were all lower ( P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in LT, AL, K1 and K2 of patients between each group ( P > 0.05). Conclusion:This study has showed that the ACD of Uyghur patients with PEX in Xinjiang is shallower than that of CON group, but the CCT of PEXG patients is thinner than that of PEX patients.