In this article we review the relation between P2 purinoceptor subtypes and coronary heart disease (CHD).P2Y_1 ,P2Y_2 ,P2Y_(11) and P2X_7 receptors are related to inflammatory reaction in atheroselerosis plaque.P2X_3 receptor plays an important role in anginal nocuity response.P2X_4 receptor is involved in vascular remodeling and enhancement of myocardial contractility in non-infarct zone.P2Y2 and P2Y6 receptors are involved in resteno-sis.A polymorphism in P2Y_(11) receptors increase the risk of myocardial infarction.P2Y_1、P2Y_(12) and P2X_1 receptors play a role in thrombotic formation.The specific agonist and antagonist of P2 purinoceptor subtypes could be poten-tial targets for new drugs to treat CHD.

Objective To study the role of PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β signaling in the apoptosis of renal tubular cells after ischemia-reperfusion injury and the protective mechanism of recombinant human erythropoietin(rHuEPO). Methods The human kidney tubular epithelial cells(HK-2)were cultured in vitro in different conditions as control group with serum, ischemia-reperfusion(IR)group, LY294002 group with LY294002(AKT inhibitor)10 μmol/L 30 minutes before IR treatment, LiCl group with LiCl(GSK-33 inhibitor)20 μtmol/L 30 minutes before IR treatment, rHuKPO group with EPO 20 U/ml 30 minutes before IR treatment, rHuEPO + LY294002 group with EPO 20 U/ml and in the presence of LY294002(10 μmol/L)30 minutes before IR treatment, rHuEPO +LiCl group with EPO 20 U/ml and in the presence of LiCl(20 μmol/L)30 minutes before IR treatment. Akt, GSK-33 and caspase-3 activation were measured by Western blotting. The apoptotic ratio of HK-2 cells was measured by flow cytometry. Cell viability was detected by MTT. Results In comparison with the control group, the apoptotic ratio raised up to 15.20%±1.43%, the expression of Akt activity decreased, GSK-33 activity and caspase-3 activity markedly elevated in IR group(P<0.05). LY294002 group up-regulated the apoptotic ratio(18.20%±2.06%), decreased the expression of Akt activity, increased GSK-33 activity and caspase-3 activity, however, LiCl group down-regulated the apoptotic ratio(12.30%±0.85%), increased the expression of Akt activity, decreased GSK-33 activity and caspase-3 activity compared with IR group(P<0.05). rHuEPO group remarkably decreased the apoptotic ratio(11.10%±1.62%), increased the expression of Akt activity, decreased GSK-33 activity and caspase-3 activity compared with IR group(P<0.05). rHuEPO+LY294002 group elevated the apoptotic ratio(13.40%±1.94%), decreased the expression of Akt activity, increased GSK-33 activity and caspase-3 activity, meanwhile, rHuEPO +LiCl group down-regulated the apoptotic ratio(7.50%±1.31%), increased the expression of Akt activity, decreased GSK-33 activity and caspase-3 activity compared with rHuEPO group(P<0.05). Conclusions PI3K-Akt-GSK-3β signaling pathway is involved in HK-2 cells apoptosis induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury and rHuEPO may be used as a new therapy.

Objective The aim of the present study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Mandarin version of the PP (MPP) .Methods The first step in the establishment was to translate the original English version into mandarin version with the method of cross -culture translation .The reliability was performed with the internal consistency analysis and test -retest reliability .The validity was performed for the content validity and structure va-lidity .The samples were from 80 Chinese CI children ,and 43 parents answered this questionnaire again 1 month lat-er to evaluate the test -retest reliability .The average age at cochlear implantation were 26 ± 14 months ,ranging from 7 months to 68 months ,the average duration of CI use were 10 ± 7 months ,ranging from 0 month to 24 months .Results The reliability analysis indicates that the Cronbach'sαcoefficient was 0 .797 ,except for the well-being and happiness ,education ,whose coefficients are respectively 0 .303 ,and 0 .341 ,all of the other sundomainscoefficient were greater than 0 .5 ,indicating the internal consistency was good .Test -retest reliability of the scale Cronbach'sαwas satisfactory .All subdomains and total score of the scale coefficients were greater than 0 .70(P<0 .01) .The validity analysis indicated that the pearson correlation coefficients among the total scale and the 8 subdo-mains were 0 .395~0 .992 ,the correlation coefficients among each subdomains were 0 .09~0 .654 ,which confirmed with the psychological characteristics ,proving its good structure validity .Conclusion The Chinese version of the PP show s good reliability and validity and can be used to evaluation the quality of life in mandarin CI children.

Objective:To investigate the basic information and implementation of medical assistance for children of illness-caused poverty families.Methods:From March through September 2019, a customized questionnaire was used to collect by means of both field survey and on-site verification, the information of the sick children from such families registered on file from 17 counties in 6 provinces. These counties were the first to carry out the assistance pilot work under " Chinese Children Poverty Alleviation by Healthcare Program" . The data so acquired were subject to descriptive analysis.Results:A total of 312 questionnaires were recovered, and the median age of these child patients was 8.54 years. Diseases causing family poverty were mostly those in the circulatory system, nervous system, neoplastic disease of childhood and hematological disease, while unaffordability of medical bills ranked the top challenge when they seek medical services. Hierarchical diagnosis and treatment was made for 251 children: 193(76.89%)of them could be admitted to provincial or lower medical institutions, 43 children needed chronic disease management, and 15 children needed to be admitted by the National Children′s Medical Center for further diagnosis.Conclusions:The assistance for such families in poverty-stricken areas can be upgraded, by such means as disease prevention publicity and education, publicity of healthcare poverty alleviation policy awareness, improvement of medical competency of primary medical institutions and rational application of medical resources.

Objective:The study takes the Youth Research Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) as an example, analyzes the development and management optimization strategy of such research project in a children′s hospital, to provide reference for the training of pediatric young talents.Methods:Personnel interview and questionnaire survey were adopted to analyze the common characteristics of project application and approval, trend of change, demand and bottleneck challenges of the NSFC Youth Research Project from 2016 to 2022.Results:The total number of approved project were increasing while the rate of the bids fluctuated, and the distribution of department, gender and age are not balanced, full-time scientific research personnel, male, young age and other factors have the advantages of being approved. Five influential factors, including scientific research accomplishment, supporting conditions, research foundation, methods & skills, and scientific research atmosphere and environment, were identified as necessary components of getting funded. The survey also founded that two thirds of the needs run through the whole application process that from the topic selection, nurtured seed-funding, team-building and proposal development.Conclusions:This study puts forward a management plan for youth scientific research projects in children′s hospital from three aspects that including hospital, department and individual. The management department should strengthen the transformation from " full application" to " effective application" , at the same time, more attention should be paid to the selection, training and resource allocation to further optimize the training strategy of youth talents.

Objective:This study aims to explore the satisfaction and influencing factors of scientific research incentive mechanisms for young medical staff in a children′s hospital in Beijing, and to provide references for the management department to develop relevant incentive strategies.Methods:A satisfaction questionnaire survey of scientific research incentive mechanisms was carried out during April and May, 2022. Collected data were analyzed by rank sum test and ordered logistic regression.Results:The level of overall satisfaction of 339 young medical staffs was 81.42%. The satisfaction rate of incentive factors was 80.50% and hygiene factors was 77.51%.According to the findings, there were significant differences in educational backgrounds, professional titles and job types, hygiene factors, and incentive factors ( P<0.05). The contributing factors of the job satisfaction were professional title, hygiene factors and incentive factors. Conclusions:The overall satisfaction with the incentive work of the young research staff surveyed was relatively at high-level. It is necessary to improve tailed hygiene factors to meet the characteristics young medical staff, such as setting up full-time scientific research working hours, exploring the establishment of diversified of scientific research sharing mechanisms to increase the utilization of the scientific research platform. It is important to enhance incentive factors to establish a long-term incentive mechanism for young personnel, such as setting up interdisciplinary research projects, exploring the establishment of a recommendation mechanism for outstanding young talents, in order to provide them with more opportunities for further intensive training.

Objective:To establish the normal reference value of lumbar bone mineral density (BMD) under quantitative CT (QCT) in Chinese healthy adult females and to explore the regional differences.Methods:Total of 35 431 healthy women who met the inclusion criteria of Chinese health quantitative CT big data program were selected in this study. The BMD of the central plane of L 1 and L 2 vertebrae was measured by Mindways′s QCT system, and the mean value was taken. One-way analysis of variance was used to compare the BMD differences of lumbar vertebrae in women of different ages and regions. The subjects were grouped by an age interval of 10 years, and the level of BMD in different regions of the same age group were compaired. Results:The peak BMD of Chinese healthy adult women appeared in the age group of 20-29 years (Northeast China(183.01±24.58) mg/cm 3, North China (188.93±24.80) mg/cm 3, East China (187.54±27.71) mg/cm 3, South China (186.22±33.72) mg/cm 3, Central China (176.33±24.91) mg/cm 3, Southwest China(182.25±28.00) mg/cm 3), and then it decreased with age. The level of BMD in different regions decreased with the age. Before the age of 70 years, BMD in Central and Southwest China was always at a low level((176.23±24.91) to (90.38±28.12) mg/cm 3, 182.25±28.00 to (88.55±25.68) mg/cm 3), lower than those in Northeast China ((183.01±24.58) to (99.69±27.85) mg/cm 3), North China ((188.93±24.80) to (95.89±26.12) mg/cm 3), East China ((187.54±27.71) to (95.65±27.86) mg/cm 3). After 70 years of age, BMD tended to be the same in different regions ( P>0.05). The BMD values in Central China and Southwest China were similar in the age group of 40-60 years ( P>0.05). The BMD values in the health adult femles in the age group of 60 years in different regions of Chinawere all lower than those of bone mass abnormality (all P<0.05). The detection rate of osteoporosis in females over 50 years was the highest in Southwest China (25.65%) and it was the lowest in North China (17.30%). Conclusions:This study establishes reference values of BMD under QCT in healthy Chinese women, which can be used as a reference basis for identifying women with low BMD who are at risk of osteoporosis. The BMD value is the lowest in Southwest China and the highest in South China.