ObjectiveTo establish preliminary diagnostic criteria for spleen and kidney deficiency syndrome in ischemic stroke patients and provide a basis for standardized diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke. MethodsRelevant literature on the diagnostic criteria for spleen and kidney deficiency syndrome in ischemic stroke patients was retrieved， and data were mined and extracted to form an item pool. Based on the formation of the item pool， this study used the Delphi method to initiate two rounds of questionnaire surveys with selected experts to complete the initial screening of items and the discrimination of symptom importance. A prospective clinical investigation method was adopted to collect clinical information from patients， and statistical analysis methods and data mining techniques were comprehensively used to determine their primary and secondary symptoms. Based on the clear main and secondary symptoms identified， combined with expert group discussions， the study established preliminary diagnostic criteria for spleen and kidney deficiency syndrome in ischemic stroke patients. ResultsA total of 25 relevant syndrome differentiation standards were included. After splitting， standardizing， and screening the items， the study established a pool of 48 items. The first round of questionnaire survey consulted 30 experts， with both the positive coefficient of experts and the effectiveness rate of the questionnaire reaching 100%. The Kendall's coefficient of concordance was 0.359. According to the item screening criteria， 26 items were retained in this round of questionnaire survey. A total of 176 cases were collected through clinical information investigation， including 94 cases with spleen and kidney deficiency syndrome and 82 cases without spleen and kidney deficiency syndrome. The statistical results were as follows： ① Descriptive statistics： The main symptoms with a frequency of ≥ 30% included mental fatigue and lack of strength， weakness of the lower back and knees， etc. The secondary symptoms with a frequency of ≥ 10% and ≤ 30% were lassitude and disinclination to talk， shortness of breath， etc. ② Binary logistic regression analysis： The main symptoms with an odds ratio （OR） value of ≥ 3 were mental fatigue and lack of strength， weakness of the lower back and knees， etc. The secondary symptoms with an OR value of ≥ 1 and ≤ 3 were lassitude and disinclination to talk， shortness of breath， etc. Artificial neural network： The main symptoms with a weight value（W_ij）of ≥ 0.5 and < 1 were mental fatigue and lack of strength， lassitude and disinclination to talk， etc. The secondary symptoms with W_ij of ≥ 0.3 and < 0.5 were shortness of breath， flaccid limbs， etc. In the second round of questionnaire survey， a total of 37 experts were consulted， with both the positive coefficient of experts and the effectiveness rate of the questionnaire reaching 100%. The Kendall's coefficient of concordance was 0.237. According to the criteria to determine primary and secondary symptoms based on the Delphi method， the main symptoms included in this round of the questionnaire were mental fatigue and lack of strength， lassitude and disinclination to talk， etc.， and the secondary symptoms were shortness of breath， dizziness， etc. ConclusionThe main symptoms of spleen and kidney deficiency syndrome in ischemic stroke patients are mental fatigue and lack of strength， weakness of the lower back and knees， loose stool， pale and edematous tongue texture possibly with tooth marks， and deep and thready pulse or weak pulse. The secondary symptoms include shortness of breath， dizziness， tinnitus and deafness， decreased appetite or postprandial abdominal distension， pale complexion， frequent micturition at night， dull tongue texture， and white and slippery tongue coating. The preliminarily established diagnostic criteria for spleen and kidney deficiency syndrome in ischemic stroke patients can provide a standardized and objective basis， thereby better guiding clinical diagnosis and treatment of ischemic stroke.

Accurate timing of myelination is crucial for the proper functioning of the central nervous system. Here, we identified a de novo heterozygous mutation in TMEM63A (c.1894G>A; p. Ala632Thr) in a 7-year-old boy exhibiting hypomyelination. A Ca²⁺ influx assay suggested that this is a loss-of-function mutation. To explore how TMEM63A deficiency causes hypomyelination, we generated Tmem63a knockout mice. Genetic deletion of TMEM63A resulted in hypomyelination at postnatal day 14 (P14) arising from impaired differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). Notably, the myelin dysplasia was transient, returning to normal levels by P28. Primary cultures of Tmem63a^-/- OPCs presented delayed differentiation. Lentivirus-based expression of TMEM63A but not TMEM63A_A632T rescued the differentiation of Tmem63a^-/- OPCs in vitro and myelination in Tmem63a^-/- mice. These data thus support the conclusion that the mutation in TMEM63A is the pathogenesis of the hypomyelination in the patient. Our study further demonstrated that TMEM63A-mediated Ca²⁺ influx plays critical roles in the early development of myelin and oligodendrocyte differentiation.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation/physiology* ; Oligodendroglia/metabolism* ; Mice, Knockout ; Mice ; Male ; Myelin Sheath/metabolism* ; Humans ; Child ; Cells, Cultured ; Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells/metabolism*

Microbial denitrification is a major pathway for nitrogen removal from water bodies. However, denitrification is often difficult to continue when there is a lack of microbially available organic matter in the water body to serve as electron donors. In recent years, studies have shown that some denitrifying bacteria can directly utilize photoelectrons generated by sunlight-excited semiconductor minerals or natural organic matter for denitrification without the need for bioavailable organic matter as electron donors. This process is defined as microbial photoelectrotrophic denitrification. The discovery of microbial photoelectrotrophic denitrification phenomenon reshapes the previous knowledge about the chemoheterotrophic mode of denitrifying bacteria and broadens the pathway of nitrogen removal by the new photoelectrotrophic metabolism, which is of great significance to our understanding and exploration of sunlight-driven nitrogen cycling process. In this paper, we comprehensively sort out the existing research reports in the field of microbial photoelectrotrophic denitrification, systematically summarize the principle and the current research progress of microbial photoelectrotrophic denitrification, deeply analyze the problems and challenges faced by this technology, and make an outlook on the future research directions and application prospects of this technology, providing a reference for the further research and application of this technology.
Denitrification/physiology* ; Nitrogen/isolation & purification* ; Bacteria/metabolism* ; Sunlight ; Phototrophic Processes

Following the principles of evidence-based medicine,in accordance with the structure and drafting rules of standardized documents,based on literature research,according to the characteristics of chronic cough in children and issues that need to form a consensus,the TCM Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Cough in Children was formulated based on the Delphi method,expert discussion meetings,and public solicitation of opinions.The guideline includes scope of application,terms and definitions,eti-ology and diagnosis,auxiliary examination,treatment,prevention and care.The aim is to clarify the optimal treatment plan of Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease,and to provide guidance for improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in children with Chinese medicine.

Objective:To analyze the prognostic factors and the influence of surgical margin to prognosis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed for 208 pelvic tumors who received surgical treatment from January 2000 to December 2017 in our instituition. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test, and impact factor analysis was performed using Cox regression models.Results:There were 183 initial patients and 25 recurrent cases. According to Enneking staging, 110 cases were stage ⅠB and 98 cases were stage ⅡB. 19 lesions were in zone Ⅰ, 1 in zone Ⅱ, 15 in zone Ⅲ, 29 in zone Ⅰ+Ⅱ, 71 in zone Ⅱ+Ⅲ, 29 in zone Ⅰ+Ⅳ, 35 in zone Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ, 3 in zone Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅳ, and 6 in zone Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ+Ⅳ. Surgical margins including Intralesional excision in 7 cases, contaminated margin in 21 cases, marginal resection in 67 cases, and wide resection in 113 cases. Local recurrence occurred in 37 cases (17.8%), 25 cases were performed by reoperation and 12 cases received amputation finally. The 5-year recurrence rate of marginal resection was higher than wide resection ( P＜0.05), and the recurrence-free survival rate of marginal resection was lower than wide resection ( P＜0.05). There was significant differences in recurrence rate and recurrence-free survival rate between R0 and R1 resection ( P＜0.05). 92 cases were not reconstructed and 116 cases were reconstructed after pelvic surgery. At the last follow-up, 63 patients (30.3%) died, and the 5-year, 10-year and 15-year survival rates were 70.4%, 66.8% and 61.3%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of stage ⅠB and ⅡB tumor was 90.4% and 46.8%, respectively. There were 29 cases had postoperative wound complications (13.8%), 1 case with pelvic organ injury. The final function was evaluated in 132 patients, with an average MSTS score of 25.1±3.6. Cox multivariate analysis showed that surgical staging, R0/R1 margin and metastasis were independent prognostic factors for pelvic tumors. Conclusions:The safe surgical margin is the key factor for recurrence-free of pelvic tumor. The survival rate of stage ⅡB pelvic tumors was significantly lower than that of stage ⅠB tumors. Wound infection is the main postoperative complication. Surgical staging, R0/R1 margin and metastasis were independent prognostic factors of pelvic tumors.

Objective:To analyze the prognostic factors and the influence of surgical margin to prognosis.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed for 208 pelvic tumors who received surgical treatment from January 2000 to December 2017 in our instituition. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test, and impact factor analysis was performed using Cox regression models.Results:There were 183 initial patients and 25 recurrent cases. According to Enneking staging, 110 cases were stage ⅠB and 98 cases were stage ⅡB. 19 lesions were in zone Ⅰ, 1 in zone Ⅱ, 15 in zone Ⅲ, 29 in zone Ⅰ+Ⅱ, 71 in zone Ⅱ+Ⅲ, 29 in zone Ⅰ+Ⅳ, 35 in zone Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ, 3 in zone Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅳ, and 6 in zone Ⅰ+Ⅱ+Ⅲ+Ⅳ. Surgical margins including Intralesional excision in 7 cases, contaminated margin in 21 cases, marginal resection in 67 cases, and wide resection in 113 cases. Local recurrence occurred in 37 cases (17.8%), 25 cases were performed by reoperation and 12 cases received amputation finally. The 5-year recurrence rate of marginal resection was higher than wide resection ( P＜0.05), and the recurrence-free survival rate of marginal resection was lower than wide resection ( P＜0.05). There was significant differences in recurrence rate and recurrence-free survival rate between R0 and R1 resection ( P＜0.05). 92 cases were not reconstructed and 116 cases were reconstructed after pelvic surgery. At the last follow-up, 63 patients (30.3%) died, and the 5-year, 10-year and 15-year survival rates were 70.4%, 66.8% and 61.3%, respectively. The 5-year survival rate of stage ⅠB and ⅡB tumor was 90.4% and 46.8%, respectively. There were 29 cases had postoperative wound complications (13.8%), 1 case with pelvic organ injury. The final function was evaluated in 132 patients, with an average MSTS score of 25.1±3.6. Cox multivariate analysis showed that surgical staging, R0/R1 margin and metastasis were independent prognostic factors for pelvic tumors. Conclusions:The safe surgical margin is the key factor for recurrence-free of pelvic tumor. The survival rate of stage ⅡB pelvic tumors was significantly lower than that of stage ⅠB tumors. Wound infection is the main postoperative complication. Surgical staging, R0/R1 margin and metastasis were independent prognostic factors of pelvic tumors.

There are the largest and most complex microbial groups in the human gastrointestinal tract，which constantly adapt to the host environment and provide multiple key functions for the host.Currently，many diseases are closely related to gastrointestinal motility disorders，including diarrhea，constipation，irritable bowel syndrome and so on.Increasing evidence indicates that the gut microbiota and their metabolites are able to influence gastrointestinal motility，which subsequently influences the development of diseases，and the relationship between them has become a research topic.This article reviews the mechanisms of gut microbiota and their metabolites as well as the mechanisms of probiotics in regulating gastrointestinal motility，in an attempt to provide valuable clues for developing therapies that rely on gut microbiota to improve gastrointestinal motility.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate short-term effectiveness and clinical application advantages of orthopedic robot-assisted resection for osteoid osteoma compared with traditional open surgery. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 48 osteoid osteoma patients who met the selection criteria between July 2022 and April 2023. Among them, 23 patients underwent orthopedic robot-assisted resection (robot-assisted surgery group), and 25 patients received traditional open surgery (traditional surgery group). There was no significant difference ( P>0.05) in gender, age, disease duration, lesion location and size, and preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, and musculoskeletal tumor society (MSTS) score between the two groups. The surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative lesion localization time, initial localization success rate, infection, and recurrence were recorded and compared. VAS scores before surgery and at 24 hours, 1, 3, 6, and 9 months after surgery and MSTS score before surgery and at 3 months after surgery were assessed. RESULTS: All patients completed the surgery successfully, with no significant difference in surgical time between the two groups ( P>0.05). Compared to the traditional surgery group, the robot-assisted surgery group had less intraoperative blood loss, shorter lesion localization time, and shorter hospitalization time, with significant differences ( P<0.05). The initial localization success rate was higher in the robot-assisted surgery group than in the traditional surgery group, but the difference between the two groups was not significant ( P>0.05). All patients in both groups were followed up, with the follow-up time of 3-12 months in the robot-assisted surgery group (median, 6 months) and 3-14 months in the traditional surgery group (median, 6 months). The postoperative MSTS scores of both groups improved significantly when compared to those before surgery ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in the changes in MSTS scores between the two groups ( P>0.05). The postoperative VAS scores of both groups showed a gradually decreasing trend over time ( P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the two groups after surgery ( P>0.05). During follow-up, except for 1 case of postoperative infection in the traditional surgery group, there was no infections or recurrences in other cases. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative infection between the two groups ( P>0.05). CONCLUSION Orthopedic robot-assisted osteoid osteoma resection achieves similar short-term effectiveness when compared to traditional open surgery, with shorter lesion localization time.
Humans ; Robotics ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Osteoma, Osteoid/surgery* ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Postoperative Complications ; Bone Neoplasms/surgery*

Intellectualization and precision are important directions of development and research highlights of orthopaedic surgery at present. The orthopaedic robot-assisted technology is gradually applied to various orthopaedic specialties. However the application of robot-assisted technology in bone tumor surgery started relatively late and the scenarios suitable for clinical application are relatively limited. By searching PubMed, Embase, ScienceDirect, CNKI and Wanfang database about the application of orthopaedic robot-assisted technology in the field of bone tumor surgery, we analyzed its intelligence and precision requirements, sorted and analyzed the current clinical application of orthopaedic robot in bone tumor surgery. The robot-assisted puncture biopsy of bone tumor could improve the accuracy and positive rate, especially for tumors with small size, deep location and complex local anatomical structure. For robot-assisted precise osteotomy for bone tumors, the accuracy and error analysis of manual osteotomy and robot-assisted osteotomy in the literatures were compared. The robot-assisted technology has the potential to improve the accuracy of tumor resection at complex anatomical structures such as sacrum and pelvic tumors. For the application of robot-assisted technology in spinal tumor surgery, literature reports suggested that it can improve the accuracy of pedicle screw placement and the safety of minimally invasive vertebroplasty, and can be used for minimally invasive precise surgical resection of spinal tumors. At the same time, the existing problems and development directions were analyzed, such as cost-effectiveness, accuracy of registration, soft tissue recognition and feedback, error superposition and error correction, so as to provide reference basis for further clinical application and study.