0.05). Conclusion:Ti-29Nb-13Ta-4.6Zr alloy is histocompatible.

Objective To evaluate the prevalence rate of pulmonary malignant disease detected by low dose spiral CT in people at high risk of lung cancer. Methods Low dose spiral CT scans and chest radiographs in 300 symptom free volunteers from an on going screening study were prospectively evaluated. The study has enrolled 240 smokers, aged 45 years or older, with at least 10 pack years of cigarette smoking and 60 individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and without previous cancer history, who were medically fit to undergo thoracic surgery. Low dose CT scans were performed with SR 7000 scanner using spiral mode, 120 kV, 50 mA, pitch 2, 5mm thickness reconstruction and Lightspeed Plus multi slice scanner using spiral mode, 120 kV, 50 mA, pitch 6 to produce 2.5 mm thick image at 2.5 mm increments. All images were assessed with cine display mode on workstation monitor. Results Non calcified nodules were detected in 56 (19%) participants by low dose CT, compared with 9 (3%) by chest radiography. Malignant disease was detected in 4 (1.3%) by CT and 3 (1%) by chest radiography. All 4 cancers were stage I. Lobar or segmental bronchial abnormalities were detected in 9 (3%) participants by CT. Among them, 3 (1%) proved to be early central lung cancer. No bronchial abnormality was detected by chest radiography. The sensitivity and specificity of cancer screening was 43% and 89%, respectively for chest radiograph, 100% and 80%, respectively for CT. The sensitivity of CT was significantly higher than that of radiograph, whereas the specificity showed no statistical difference. Conclusion Preliminary screening study indicates that low dose CT can greatly improve the likelihood of detection for small non calcified nodules and mild bronchial abnormalities, and thus of peripheral and central lung cancer at an earlier stage.

Objective To summarize the therapeutic efficacy of electrocoagulation for varicose veins of the lower extremities.Methods Totally 168 cases(238 limbs)of varicose veins of the lower extremities were treated with electrocoagulation in our department from April 2000 to April 2007.Through a small ankle incision,electrocoagulation probe was inserted ascendingly into the groin via the great saphenous vein.After high ligation of the great saphenous vein,the varicose veins and great saphenous trunk were electrocoagulated.Results The patients were discharged from hospital in one to two days after the operation.None of them had incisional infection.The ulcers at the ankle were healed in four weeks.Postoperative complications in this series,included Ⅰ degree burn injury in one limb,Ⅱ degree burn injury in one limb,superficial phlebitic pain in two limbs(two cases);and numbness around the ankle in 14 limbs(10 cases).Totally 148 cases with 208 limbs were followed up for 2 to 9 years with a mean of 6.6 years.During the period,the rate of recurrent varicosity was 3.4%(7/208);and healing rates of ache,dermatitis and eczema,ankle pigment,swelling around the calf and ankle were 95.3%(162/170),85.7%(12/14),41.7%(15/36)and 36.4%(16/44)respectively.Conclusion Electrocoagulation is a minimally invasive and effective method for the treatment of varicose veins of the lower extremities,with quick recovery and low rate of recurrence.

Objective To study the CT findings of early central lung cancer and correlative pathologic basis, and to evaluate the role of CT in the differential diagnosis of central lung cancer Methods Seventeen patients with early central lung cancer and 10 patients with benign lesions resembling the central lung cancer were analyzed Thin section CT was performed with a section thickness of 3 mm or 1 5 mm at Philips SR 7000 or GE Lightspeed Plus scanner The visibility of the lesions was correlated with bronchoscopic and histopathologic findings Results All 17 lesions were visualized at CT Three lesions showed focal bronchial wall thickening and internal bronchial wall irregularity, bronchial mucous coarsening, redness and swollening at bronchoscopy Fourteen lesions showed focal narrowing or obliteration of the bronchial lumen, 4 complicated with subsegmental bronchial mucoid impaction, 10 with obstructive pneumonia or atelectasis Corresponding bronchoscopic view disclosed intraluminal polypoid protrusions The epithelia were involved in 1 case, subepithelia in 5, and cartilaginous involvement in 11 according to the depth of invasion of the bronchial wall at histopathology Among 10 patients with benign lesions, 6 cases were suspected as bronchogenic carcinoma and the possibility of bronchogenic carcinoma was not excluded at CT in 4 cases There were 5 patients with uneven thickening of internal bronchial wall, 2 with lumen blood clots, 1 with lumen nodule, and no abnormalities in 2 patients at bronchoscopy Conclusion Thin section CT has been proved to be a reliable method for demonstrating the mild changes of the bronchi and to be a valuable tool for the diagnosis of early central lung cancer

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of multislice helical CT(MSCT) in the diagnosis of coronary artery disease Methods 30 patients were studied with MSCT CT data were reconstructed to demonstrate the abnormalities of coronary artery and the results were compared with that of angiography Results In patients with heart rate less than 60 BPM, there was no difference to show the main branch of left coronary artery and left descending artery compared with more than 60 BPM( P =0 197 and 0 128,Fisher′exact);and obvious differences in showing left circumflex artery (? 2=5 88, P

Objective To evaluate indwelling intrapulmonary artery catheter thromolysis for acute pulmonary embolism.Methods From June 2011 to June 2013 56 cases of acute pulmonary embolism were diagnosed by multi-row spiral CT and admitted at the Department of Vascular Surgery.The average age was (56 ± 11) years.Inferior vena cava filter was implanted and pulmonary angiography,catheter thrombectomy,indwelling pulmonary intraarterial thrombolytic therapy was performed.Postoperatively low molecular weight heparin and warfarin was given,dosage adjusted by prothrombin international normalized ratio at 2-3.Results Mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) decreased from (43 ± 7) mmHg to (22 ± 6) mmHg (P ＜ 0.05),arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) rose from (49 ± 8) mmHg to (83 ± 9) mmHg (P ＜ 0.05).Clinical symptoms significantly relieved in 51 out of the 56 cases (91％).45 patients were followed up for an average of (15 ± 4) months,with one recurrence.There was no filter migration,vena cava thrombosis,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other complications.Conclusions Emergency pulmonary artery indwelling catheter thrombolysis is safe and effective therapy for acute pulmonary thromboembolism.

Objective To analyze the rationality of 16 or more multi-slice helical CT (MSCT) utilization for solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) (<3 cm). Methods One hundred and fifty consultant cases with SPN from 133 different hospitals, examined with 16 or more MSCT, were selected in this study. The reconstructed slice thickness of routine CT scan, thin slice reconstruction thickness, 2D or 3D reconstruction, window wide and level setting, contrast enhancement effect were recorded from consultant films. Thoracic CT scan criteria for SPN were proposed according to the scan guidelines at Stanford University and PubMed articles. The rationality of 16 or more MSCT utilization in other hospitals for SPN was analyzed by two radiologists compared with scan criteria. The diagnostic accuracy in other hospitals was evaluated according to the pathologic and treatment results in our hospital. Results Sixteen-MSCT was performed in 92 cases, 64-MSCT in 54 cases and 40-MSCT in 4 cases. In routine thoracic CT scan, 9--10 mm reconstructed slice thickness was selected in 59 cases, 7--8 mm thickness in 12 cases and 5 mmthickness in 79 cases. Consecutive thin slice thickness (<3 mm) was used for SPN only in 46 cases. OnlyMPR and VR were filmed in 9 cases without thin slice reconstructed axial images. :53 cases (35.3%) were rescanned in our hospital due to the unsatisfied image quality. Of 150 cases, 78 cases had pathologic or treatment results in our hospital and 22 cases (14.7%) were proved to be misdiagnosed in other hospitals, and only 2 cases were misdiagnosed in our hospital. Conclusion There are many irrationalities of 16 or more MSCT utilization in our country which influence the diagnostic accuracy of SPN, Unified thoracic CT scan criteria in our country are needed.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the breast-conserving surgery for early breast cancer.MethodFrom 1993 to 2000, 86 female cases of stage ⅠⅡa breast cancer received breast conserving comprehensive therapy. Clinical data were analyzed retrospectively. ResultsThe 5 year survival rate of this group was 96.5% and the 5 year recurrence rate was 5.2%.The postoperative contour of the breast was satisfactory.ConclusionBreast-conserving surgery is safe and effective therapy for early breast cancer, when strict indication and necessary safe margin of resection is obeyed by. Postoperative radiotherapy and chemotherapy should be properly arranged and the patients should be closely followed-up.

Objective To investigate the level of platelet activating factor (PAF) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in minipig model and patients, and to study the relationship between PAF and lethal arrhythmia referring to ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. Method ( 1 ) The levels of PAF in minipig models ( n = 20) were measured by using ELISA before and 1h after occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery with balloon at the junction of 1/3 middle and distal portion. The lethal arrythmia was recorded by using electrocardiography. (2) In patients with AMI (n = 72), the levels of PAF were measured on arrival, and 24 h,48 h and 72 h later. The lethal arrythmia, acute heart failure and cardiogenic shock were documented. Results ( 1 ) In minipigs with occlusion of coronary artery for one hour, the mean level of PAF increased from (4.66± 2.89)ng/mL to (6.00±2.82) ng/mL,and thus the increment in PAF was (1 .34± 1.40) ng/mL (P ＜ 0.05). In 13 minipigs with lethal anythmia after occlusion of coronary artery for one hour, the increment in mean level of PAF was ( 1.92 ± 1 .34) ng/mL, whereas the increment in mean level of PAF in other 7 minipigs without lethal arrythmia after occlusion of coronary artery for one hour was as low as (0.28 ± 0. 74 ) ng/mL ( P ＜ 0. 05 ). ( 2 ) In patients, the mean levels of PAF on arrival, 24 h,48 h,and 72 hous after admission were (0.47 ± 0.05) ng/mL,(2.38±0.12) ng/mL,(3.65±0.15) ng/mL and (3.02±0.10) ng/mL, respectively. Of 72 ACI patients, 40 (55%) had complication of lethal arrythnia, heart failure or cardiogenic shock and their mean level of PAF 48 h after admission was (4.72 ± 0.16) ng/mL, whereas mean level of PAF in other 32 (44.44%) without complications was (2.31 ±0.03) ng/mL ( P ＜0.05). Conclusions The level of PAF increased after acute myocardial infarction, and the minipigs and AMI patients complicated with lethal arrythmia had higher levels of PAF.

Objective To explore the prognostic value of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) for 28-day mortality of elderly patients with non-cardiac critical ill in emergency intensive care unit (EICU). Methods A total of 70 elderly non-cardiac critically ill patients (age≥60 years) in EICU were enrolled, and the blood samples were collected to detect BNP level after the patients' admission to EICU. After 28 days, the mortality was assessed. Results Twenty-two patients (31.4 %) died during 28 days observation, whose BNP levels were significantly higher than that of the survivors [ln BNP: (6.4 ± 1.2) ng/L vs. ( 5. 1 ± 1.5 ) ng/L, P＜ 0. 05] ; BNP level had an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0. 759 (95% CI: 0. 636-0. 882, P＜0.05) for predicting mortality,and the optimal cut point of BNP was 342 ng/L (sensitivity 77.3%, specificity 68.7%).Conclusions BNP level could be a predictor for 28-days mortality for elderly non-cardiac critically ill patients.