Prostate cancer is one of the most common tumors in Western countries, but its incidence in China is rising annually. Up to now, there is no effective therapy for those late stage, recurrent or hormone resistant patients. Gene therapy is the focus of study of prostate cancer in recent years both domestically and abroad. As a brand new therapeutic method,the pre clinical experimental researches have shown an encouraging future. This article reviews the major strategies and research progress in the field of gene therapy of prostate cancer.

Bilateral sequential cataract surgery is very common in clinical,but the ophthalmologists often ignore how to choose the timing of operation and whether the first eye can be used to improve the intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation for the second one.Despite the refinements in IOL selection with the use of third-generation IOL formulas,5％ of eyes still result in a postoperative refractive surprise of ± 1.00 D or more.This paper introduced the methods of using refraction error of the first eye to improve the IOL power calculation for the second eye,and the refractive error of the second eye can be improved by modifying the IOL power to correct up to 50％ of the error from the first eye in details.Because of the variation of the postoperative refractive surprise within a month,the interval of three to four weeks between two eyes cataract surgery is highly recommended.These conclusions may provide the advantageous guidance for us in the selection of IOL in bilateral cataract surgery.

Objective To explore advantages of laparoscopic sphincter preserving surgery for ultra low rectal cancer . Methods From April 2006 to January 2015, we performed laparoscopic sphincter preserving surgery in 108 cases of ultra-low rectal cancer.After laparoscopic mesorectal resection and lymph node dissection were completed , transection of the rectum was performed with the Endo-GIA at 2 cm from the lower margin of the tumor .The right lower abdomen main operation port was expanded to remove the lesion and introduce the stapler base .The proximal colon was returned and the pneumoperitoneum was re-established .A colorectal end-to-end anastomosis was conducted through the anus by using a carliber 29 circular stapler . Results Laparoscopic operation was successfully accomplished in all the 108 cases.No conversion to open surgery was required .No operative mortality was encountered . The operation time was 68 -145 min ( mean, 104 min ) , the intraoperative blood loss was 10 -100 ml ( mean, 40 ml ) , the postoperative flatus time was 1-3.5 d (mean, 2.3 d), and the number of removed lymph nodes was 8-37 (mean, 12.5).There were 98 patients followed up for 6-62 months (mean, 24.6 months).No tumor metastasis or recurrence was found . Conclusion Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision of ultra low sphincter preserving operation is feasible .

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of treating functional constipation with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome by TCM hot patching Guanyuan. Methods Totally 61 patients with functional constipation with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome were randomly divided into treatment group (31 patients) and control group (30 patients). Treatment group was given TCM hot patching, heated to 45 ℃, sticking to Guanyuan (RN4), eight hours, one time a day. The control group was treated with polyethylene glycol 4000 powder, 10 g for each time, twice a day, one time for morning and one time for evening. One course lasted for 15 d, 4 courses in total, with six-month follow-up. The improvement of the symptoms, such as difficulty in defecation, interval of defecation, texture of stool, time of defecation, feeling of defecation, weakness of waist and knees, coldness of limbs and so on, were ovserved. The clinical efficacy was evaluated and adverse reaction and recurrence rate were observed. Results After treatment, the symptoms of constipation scores in both groups were significantly improved compared with those before the treatment (P<0.05);the total effiective rate was 90.32%(28/31) in the treatment group, 86.67%(26/30) in the control group, with no significance (P>0.05);the incidence of adverse reaction was 6.5%(2/31) in the treatment group, and 16.7%(5/30) in the control group, with statistical significance (P<0.05). In the follow-up of 2, 4 and 6 months, the relapse rates were 0, 3.6%, and 7.1% for the treatment group, and 7.7%, 38.5% and 50.0% for the control group. Relapse rates of 4 and 6 months of treatment group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion TCM hot patching Guanyuan has good efficacy for functional constipation with spleen-kidney yang deficiency syndrome, with few adverse reactions and low relapse rate.

264 clavicles from 132 Chinese Han nationality adult males of known age (17—76 years)were used for this study.The specimens were collected from Yunnanprovince,Guizhou province,Guangxi autonomous region and Shandong province.Changes of facies and margo articularis sternalis,facies and margo articularis acro-mialis and the back of extremitate acromialis near the margo bear relation to chan-ges with age.The changes of clavicles in these areas were divided into five phases.Statistical analysis revealed that the features chosen to delineate the various phasesare valid indicators of age.This study has shown that the clavicle can provide anaccurate estimation for age in Han nationality adult male spanning the age of 17 to76 years.

Objective To study the inhibitory effect of CD/5 FC system on the prostate cancer cell DU145,RM 1 in vitro. Methods In vitro prostate cancer cells DU145 and RM 1 were infected by recombinant adenoviral vector and then the inhibitory effect and the bystander effect of CD/5 FC system were observed. Results CD/5 FC system had a remarkable inhibitory effect on prostate cancer cell DU145 and RM 1 in vitro, the inhibition rates being higher than 97% when infected by AdCMVCD after 4 days added with 15.5mmol/L 5 FC. A strong bystander effect could also be observed, more than 75% tumor cells being killed when only 10% were infected. Conclusions CD/5 FC system may serve as an effective gene therapeutic method.The existence of bystander effect makes itself available in the use of tumor treatment in vivo.

Objective To explore the clinical application of keyhole craniotomy microsurgery in neurosurgery. Methods Corresponding keyhole approach operation was employed in 13 cases of sellar region tumor, 6 cases of meningoma, 5 cases of hypertensive cerebral hemorrhage, 2 cases of glioma of corpus callosum, 2 cases of acoustic neuroma, 1 case of metastatic cerebral tumor, 1 case of epidural hematoma and 1 case of C 2 intravertebral tumor. Results Among the 25 cases, total resection was accomplished in 19 cases and subtotal resection, 6 cases. Lesions were all thoroughly cleared away in 5 cases of cerebral hemorrhage and 1 case of epidural hematoma. One case of acoustic neuroma died of re-bleeding in the lesion on the 3rd postoperative day. Subcutaneous dropsy took place in 2 cases and transient diabetes insipidus occurred in 3 cases. Conclusions Keyhole craniotomy microsurgery has the advantages of minimal exposure, micro-invasion, fewer complications and faster recovery.

Objective To study the protective effect of tadenanR on the bladder contractile function following partial outlet obstruction. Methods 20 New Zealand white male rabbits were divided into 4 groups of 5 rabbits each. Control group received operation but not forming obstruction model where as other groups received operation forming obstruction model.Two weeks after operation, tadenanR group received tadenanR orally at 100 mg?kg -1 ?d -1 for three weeks; Peanut oil group received vehicle only (peanut oil) and the obstruction group did not receive any drugs for three weeks. Five weeks after operation, the weight and volume of each bladder was assessed, and 3 longitudinal strips(1.0 cm?0.5 cm) of each bladder musculature were mounted in individual baths including Thyrode's buffer?atropine?ATP?Ca 2+ -free and high K+ solusions for contractile study. The ultrastructure of detrusor cells was observed with electron-microscope. Results tadenanR did not reduce the bladder weight after partial outlet obstruction but had protective effect on the capacity of bladder.tadenan*R treatment resulted in a protective effect on the contractile response to field stimulation in all kinds of solutions when contrasted with obstruction group and peanut oil group. It also reduced the enlargement of endoplactmic reticulum and mitochondrion as compared with obstruction group and peanut oil group. Conclusions tadenanR has direct effect on prostate through the inhibition of ?-FGF and it also has a protective effect on bladder function.So it is preferable in the treatment of BPH.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of calcium channel blockade and oxygen free radical catalase on ESWL-induced kidney damage. Methods 120 female uninephrectomized rat models were randomizedly divided into six groups.After verapamil and(or) SOD injection,the kidneys were shocked 1 000 times at 14kV by ESW.Then ET level in kidney tissue,levels of NAG,MDA,ET in urine,variation of creatinine clearance (Ccr) and the kidney histopathological changes were evaluated. Results The variation of NAG and MDA level in urine and the Ccr in the therapeutic groups were significantly lower and the histopathological changes were also much slight than those in the control group. There was no significant difference of the biochemical and pathological changes when the dose of SOD increased from 20 thousand units to 40 thousand units per kg body weight. If verapamil was used, the levels of ET in kidney tissue and in urine both decreased.Combined use of SOD and verapamil can induce better protective effects. Conclusions Calcium channel blokade could decrease not only the degree of lipid overoxidation, but also the level of ET-relieve,so it can induce a marked protective effect on ESW-induced kidney damage and the effect could be much enhanced if combined with SOD.

Objective To evaluate transureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy in the treatment of ureteral calculi. Methods 116 cases of ureteral calculi treated with ureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy from Dec.1999 to Feb.2002 were studied retrospectively.There were 49 male patietns and 67 female with an average age of 43,3 being upper ureteral stone,24 middle and 68 lower ureteral stone.21 ureteral stone-street. Results The stone fragmentation rate was 90%(104/116),85%(99/116) of which being fragmented on the first treatment session.The main complications were failure to insert the ureteroscope in 3 cases and ureteral perforation in 4.94 cases were follow-up for one to eighteen months and 91 cases were stone free within one month.No ureteral stricture has been observed on intravenous urogram. Conclusions Treatment of ureteral calculi by transureteroscopic pneumatic lithotripsy has been safe, effective and less invasive.