Objective To establish a reversible partial obstruction model of the common bile duct(CBD) in dogs and explore the influence of partial obstruction of CBD on the motility of sphincter of Oddi(SO).Methods Adult mongrel dogs were anesthetized.In the partial obstruction(PO) group,a double ligature was performed around both a cannula(1 mm in diameter) and the common bile duct near to its bifurcation,then the cannula was withdrawn,while in the control group,only sham operation was done.The serum of venous blood was obtained before and on day 1,3,5,7,14,28 after operation.Liver specimens were obtained by biopsy on postoperative day 3,7,14.SO motility was recorded on postoperative day 28.Results All the obsrtuction of CBDs were removed in PO group,the structure of hepatocytes and liver function recovered to normal on day 28 after operation.SO basal pressure(SOBP),SO amplitude(SOAP) and frequency of SO phasic contraction(SOF) significantly decreased,whereas the duration of SO contraction did not change.Conclusion Partial obstruction of CBD inhibited the motility of SO.The clinical manifestation of this model is similar to that of patients with temporary obstructive jaundice that influenced the motility of SO.This model was relatively simple,easy and reliable.

Tendons are dense connective tissues that mediate the attachment of the muscle system to the skeletal system. While the methods for clinical tendon repair remain less satisfactory, tissue engineering may pro- vide promising future. Therefore, understanding the natural tendon development process is important for tendon en- gineering. Scleraxis and Tenomodulin are relatively specific molecule makers for tendon and ligment and play im- portant roles in the tendon development. This article gives review of the molecular structure, the expression regula- tion, and the roles of Scleraxis and Tenomodulin in tendon development, in order to better understand the process of tendon development.

Objective To explore advantages of laparoscopic sphincter preserving surgery for ultra low rectal cancer . Methods From April 2006 to January 2015, we performed laparoscopic sphincter preserving surgery in 108 cases of ultra-low rectal cancer.After laparoscopic mesorectal resection and lymph node dissection were completed , transection of the rectum was performed with the Endo-GIA at 2 cm from the lower margin of the tumor .The right lower abdomen main operation port was expanded to remove the lesion and introduce the stapler base .The proximal colon was returned and the pneumoperitoneum was re-established .A colorectal end-to-end anastomosis was conducted through the anus by using a carliber 29 circular stapler . Results Laparoscopic operation was successfully accomplished in all the 108 cases.No conversion to open surgery was required .No operative mortality was encountered . The operation time was 68 -145 min ( mean, 104 min ) , the intraoperative blood loss was 10 -100 ml ( mean, 40 ml ) , the postoperative flatus time was 1-3.5 d (mean, 2.3 d), and the number of removed lymph nodes was 8-37 (mean, 12.5).There were 98 patients followed up for 6-62 months (mean, 24.6 months).No tumor metastasis or recurrence was found . Conclusion Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision of ultra low sphincter preserving operation is feasible .

Objective To observe the clinical effect of treatment of duodenal trauma intubation duodenal decompression jejunostomy jointly by the duodenal catheter decompression.Methods 60 patients with duodenal trauma were randomly divided into two groups,30 cases were treated with simple duodenal catheter decompression as control group,30 cases treated with duodenal catheter decompression joint jejunum ostomy intubation duodenal decompression as the observation group,generally observed two groups of patients surgery and postoperative complications,in the day of surgery and postoperative 7d evaluation of patients with nutritional status.Results The surgical time and blood loss of the two groups had no statistically significant difference(P＞0.05),the observation group had no case of duodenal fistula and four cases in the control group(13.33％)occumed duodenal fistula.The difference between the two groups was statistically significant(x2=4.286,P＜0.05).Postoperative concurrent abdominal abscess,lung infection,wound infection had no statistically significant differences(P＞0.05).After observation group 7d body mass and right upper arm muscle circumference stability was significantly higher than that in the control group(x2=7.519,9.868,both P＜0.05).Conclusion Jejunostomy joint duodenal catheter decompression intubation duodenal decompression in treatment of duodenal trauma surgical decompression had significant effect,can significantly reduce the incidence of fistula,improve patients nutritional status,promote the duodenal wound healing.

Objective To observe the characteristics of electromyography of sphincter of Oddi (SO) in patients with cholelithiasis after common bile duct exploration,and investigate new methods for detecting the motility of SO.Methods The basal pressure of SO(SOBP)and electromyography of SO were detected in 33 patients with cholelithiasis who were reexamined at the Southwest Hospital from January to October,2010.All patients were divided into low SOBP group,normal SOBP group and high SOBP group.The amplitude,frequency and duration of SO spike burst(SOSB)of the three groups were compared.Results The numbers of patients in the low SOBP group,normal SOBP group and high SOBP group were 14,13 and 6,respectively.The mean SOBP of the low SOBP group,normal SOBP group and high SOBP group were(3.1±1.2),(18.5±7.6),(39.8±4.8)mm Hg (1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa).The amplitude,frequency and duration of SOSB were(41±27)μV,(5.8±1.6) times/minutes and(2.7±0.6)s in the low SOBP group,and(150±71)μV,(6.9±1.4)times/minutes and (3.4±0.7)s in the normal SOBP group,and(301±109)μV,(7.8±1.2)times/minutes and(4.2±0.7)s in the high SOBP group,respectively,with significant difference among the three groups(F=50.751,4.293,13.159,P<0.05).Conclusion The results of electromyography of SO could reflect the function of SO,and it is possible to be a prospective method in the clinical research of SO.

Objective To evaluate the application of the inlay butterfly cartilage graft technique in myringoplasty.Methods Thirty--eight ears in 38 patients (experiment group) with dry central drum perforations were treated with inlay butterfly cartilage myringoplasty,and 46 ears in 46 patients with underlay temporalis fascia myringoplasty (control group).Results After a mean follow-up of 6 months,the healing rate did not differ between two groups (92.1% in experiment group,91.3% in control group,P＞ 0.05).Average pure-tone hearing threshold improved than 10 dB and closure of the air-bone gap (ABG) within 10 dB were not different (P ＞ 0.05).The cured patients were followed up for 12-38 months,there was no ear perforation of drum in experiment group,but 4 ears in control group.Condusion Inlay butterfly cartilage myringoplasty is the reliable and ideal method for tzeating dry central drum pedoration with high success rate.

Objective To screen and determine the effective silencing targets of β2-microglobulin(B2m)gene at the cellular level in marmoset.Methods By homology comparison of the b2m gene in human and the B2m gene in marmoset, choose homology small hairpin RNA(shRNA)sequences targeting marmoset B2m gene were designed, We choose homology small hairpin RNA(shRNA)sequences targeting designed B2m gene to make homology analysis, and insert into lentivirus-based gene silencing constructs FUGW-TDT.The vectors were transfected into HEK293T cells induced by polyethylenimine(PEI).The suppression of B2m mRNA was detected by real-time PCR.Results Two gene-silencing sequences were screened that lied in 290~310 bp and 665~685 bp of the marmoset B2m mRNA, and have statistical significance in the silencing rate:(46.54±7.91)% (P < 0.05) and(83.22±4.37)%(P < 0.0001).Conclusions Two effective silencing target sequences are screened at cellular level, which can be further used in studies on gene silencing in marmoset.

Objective To label the amino-glucomannan(AGM) with fluram and to explore the properties of the compound of fluram-AGM in transmembrane transport.Methods After AGM was labeled with fluram,the peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMC) and HepG2 were respectively cultured with Fluram-AGM,then observed under fluorescence microscope with violet light as exciting light.Results Both PBMC and HepG2 showed intracellular indigotic fluorescence.Conclusion AGM can be transported into cells across cell membrane.

Objective To study the condensation mechanism of aminoglucomannan(AGM)with plasmid DNA and some influencing factors in this process.Methods The polysaccharide-DNA complex was analyzed with agarose gel electrophoresis by observing the changes of DNA bands under various influencing conditions including different pH,ionic strength(NaCl concentration),temperature and plasmid DNA sorts.Results The new bands appeared in the slow migration positions after reaction between AGM and plasmid DNA,and the changes of DNA bands content were dependent on AGM concentrations.The condensation degree could be effected by pH,temperature,and ionic strength.Conclusion Our study suggests that the AGM can be condensed with plasmid DNA in proper conditions.

Objective To understand and identify the molecules related to the natural resistance to Schistosoma japonicum infection in Mirotus fortis. Methods Sera from Mirotus fortis without schistosome infection were collected. The S.japonicum adult worm cDNA library was immunologically screened with the sera. The positive recombinants were identified, cloned, sequenced and analysed with software and internet. Results Seven genes encoding antigens relevant to sera antibodies in Mirotus fortis were cloned and sequenced. These antigens included glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), serine protease inhibitors(SERPIN), 70 kDa heat shock protein(HSP70), 22\^6 kDa membrane-associated antigen, paramyosin (Sj97), cytochrome C and cathepsin B. Conclusion Many protein molecules might have been involved in natural resistance to \{S.japonicum\} infection in Mirotus fortis. The above 7 kinds of molecules may be identified as new candidates of vaccine against \{S.japonicum\} infection.