Objective To observe changes of cytosolic Ca2+ levels before and after irradiation by ELF pulsed electromagnetic waves and to study the mechanism of these changes.Methods Basing on the result from experiment,time-frequency analysis was applied to analyze the bio-effects of ELF pulsed electromagnetic field on cytosolic Ca2+ levels.Results The PHMx(t,?)isoline of cytosolic Ca2+ levels of the cells before(a)and after(b)irradiation by ELF pulsed electromagnetic field was given.Electrohydrodynamic instability and a crystalline liquid biomembrane were applied to explain the mechanism of biological effects on the cells.Conclusion The cytosolic Ca2+ concentration represents a well-defined pattern of spectrum in time-frequency domain,containing continuous and dispersive spectral components.The circs which was considered to induce bio-effects in time-frequency domain presented two unique properties:the continuous spectrum of cellular Ca2+ fluctuations in time-frequency domain was narrowed by the high-energy spectrum component restrained,and the distribution and the frequencies of the dispersive spectra were changed.Furthermore,the pulse frequencies and intensities producing the bio-effects are discrete and distant.

Action of electromagnetic radiation exerting on human body has been a concerned issue for people. Because electromagnetic waves could generate an electric stress in a discontinuous medium, we used the finite difference time domain (FDTD) as calculation methods to calculate the electric stress and its distribution in human head caused by high-frequency low-power electromagnetic environment, which was generated by dual-band (900 MHz and 1 800 MHz) PIFA antennas with radiated power 1 W, and we then performed the safety evaluation of cell phone radiation from the angle whether the electric stress further reached the human hearing threshold. The result showed that there existed the electric stress at the interface of different permittivity organization caused by the two kinds of high-frequency low-power electromagnetic environment and the maximum electric stress was located at the interface between skin and air of the phone side, and the electric stress peak at skull did not reach the threshold of auditory caused by bone tissue conduction so that it can not produce auditory effects.
Auditory Threshold ; Cell Phone ; Electricity ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Electromagnetic Radiation ; Head ; radiation effects ; Humans

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common diseases seen in clinical practice. Cartilage survives in the hypoxic microenvironment. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is a key nuclear transcription factor which mediates the hypoxic response of cells. HIF-1α gene is an important regulator for the adaptation of articular cartilage to the hypoxic environment. It is important for formation of articular cartilage, energy metabolism and matrix synthesis. If the HIF-1α gene is knocked out, the cartilage can not maintain their normal morphology and function, which may lead to cartilage degeneration, and result in diseases such as osteoarthritis. Chinese herbal medicines can regulate the expression of HIF-1α gene and supply a therapy method for osteoarthritis. In this paper, the authors review the situation of the correlation between HIF-1α and osteoarthritis cartilage degeneration examined in recent years.

Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2(Lp-PLA2) can rapidly hydrolize and oxidize the oxidized phosphatidylcholine molecules produced in low density lipoprotein and atherogenic lipoprotein (a),generating the soluble proinflammatory and proapoptotic mediatorslyso-phosphatidylcholine and oxidized free fatty acids.It stimulates aggregation and activation of monocyte-macrophage system and induces apoptosis and damages the removal of dead cells.It plays an important role in the development of lipid necrotic core of atherosclerosis.Lp-PLA2 is not an independent risk marker of coronary artery disease and ischemic stroke,but also plays an important role in the development of atherosclerotic plaques.Selective Lp-PLA2 inhibitor reduces the development of necrotic cores.It may play a role in the stabilization of atherosclerotic plaques.At the same time,it may represent a novel target for the treatment of atherosclerosis.

Objective To study the efficacy of electroacupuneture combined with auricular acupoint seeds on cluster headache and its adverse reaction interfering.Methods A total of 98 cases with stroke were randomly recruited into a control group of 49 cases and a treatment group Of 49 cases.The control group was treated with conventional medicine,while the treatment group was treated with electro-acupuncture combined with auricular acupoint seeds,besides tge conventional intemal medicine.The efficacy was evaluated after one monm's treatment.A follow-up efficacy was evaluated in the continuous 6 months.Results 2 cases in the treatment group and 1 case in the control group quitted in the process.The treatment group showed significant better results in the immediate efficacy,3-mortth follow-up efficacy and 6-months follow-up efficacy as compared to the control group(all P＜0.05).The adverse reaction incidences of the treatment group were also significantly lower than the control grouD at 3-months and 6-months follow-up study(all P＜0.05).Conclusion The therapy of electro-acupuncture combined with auricular acupoint seeds is helpful to improve pharmacotherapy effect and alleviate medium term and long term adverse drug reaction.It can be served as an effective preventative measure for cluster headache.

Objective To investigate the anatomical character and clinical application value of external malleolus periosteum bone flap pedicled with facia and external malleolus anterior artery. Methods Applied anatomy was studied with 10 adult corpse specimen after artery perfusion,observed the origin.trackway,and measured the external diameter and major vessel's length of external malleolus anterior artery,observed the composition of external malleolus artery net,and completed the performance in clinic in 10 patients and followed up for 6 months～6 years. Resultes The bone flap had abundant blood-supply,its pedicle was long enough for transfer,little injury to donor,the surgical procedure was easy to manipulate,and was used in clinic to treat talus fracture in 9 cases (fresh 5 and old 4) and old tibia fracture in 1 case,10 cases were involved with satisfactory outcome. Conclusion External malleolus periosteum bone flap pedicled with fascia and external malleolus anterior artery is a good new donor for the patients with fracture of talus or lower tibia,especially ununited case or osteonecrosis.

Objective To determine the symptomatological characterictics of isehemie stroke in Chinese people on the basis of Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) criteria. Methods 900 patients with ischemic stroke were reviewed. Ischemic stroke was classified into four subtypes. Results Patients were classified as lacunar infarcts(19.3%) ,total anterior circulation infarcts(17.2%) ,partial anterior circulation infarcts (45.3%), and posterior circulation infarcts(18.2%). The statistical comparison between male and female of each subtype is not significant . Conclusion The difference between the studies is caused by race difference and some other reasons.

There were a lot of differences between the American and Chinese medical education.Students in American should obtain bachelor's degree of humanities or science before reciveing medical doctor's degree at graduation.High altitude militray medicine is a characteristic discipline of the third military medical university,aming at training general doctors for the plateau.During the designing of high altitude militray medicine curriculum and its teaching process,we actively learned from the advanced experiences of American based on the reality,optimizd currulum,improved teaching methods,greatly cultivated the students' protential in order to increase the qualify of high altitude militray medicine personnel.

Dengue is the most wide-spread arthropod-borne viral disease of humans in the tropic and sub-tropic regions.In this study,genomic sequences of more than 3 000 dengue viruses available in the GenBank were aligned and analyzed by sero type.According to phylogenetic trees generated by the minimum evolution method of MEGA5.0,dengue viruses were divided into 4-6 genotypes within the four serotypes,respectively.Meanwhile,it was indicated that the distribution of most genotypes was associated with geographic origins of dengue viruses.Probable origins for most of the 39 strains from China with genomic sequences were deduced from relevant ancestral strains in the context of ME trees.These results revealed that the genotype distribution of dengue viruses was geographic origin-specific at genomic level,and that diverse introduction sources were attributed to dengue outbreaks in China.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficiency of repairing ankle and calf wounds by antegrade or retrograde perforating flap of posterior tibial artery. Methods 13 cases with skin defects of ankle and calf wounds were reviewd. The defects were repaired using antegrade or retrograde perforating flap of posterior tibial artery from January 2011 to February 2013, 8 males and 5 females; aged 19 to 65 years old. Wounds were located in the ankle and calf, area which the tibial artery support contu-sioned slightly;defects were associated with exposed bone or tendon, exposed blood vessels. Of the 13 cases, 5 cases have multiple ankle fracture with blood circulation disorders, internal and external fracture fixation were performed emergency with blood ves-sels and nerves exposed, at the same time emergency line wound repair by posterior tibial artery perforating flap. The other 8 cases have no blood vessels and nerves exposure, and accepted vacuum sealing drainage emergency external fixation and flap surgery. Seven cases accepted V-Y antegrade perforating flap of posterior tibial artery, 6 cases using retrograde tibial artery perforator flap. Whose defects were ranged from 1.5 cm×2.0 cm to 9.0 cm×5.0 cm. Antegrade or retrograde perforating flap of posterior tibial ar-tery with 1.5 cm×3.0 cm to 14.0 cm×7.0 cm was used to repair ankle or lower leg medial defect. Antegrade flap donor site sutured directly, but retrograde flap donor site take full thickness skin graft repair from abdomen. Results Circulations of the all 13 cases were stable, with wound healing well after 2 weeks. The patients were followed up for 6 months to 24 months, average of 13 months. All flap graft survived, pedicle no bloated andcat eardeformity. Flaps were soft, no bloated appearance;color was con-sistent with normal skin. Fracture line in the 5 patients was disappeared. Bone healing time was 3.0 to 4.0 months. At the direct su-ture skin donor sites, postoperative scar was small;skin graft donor sites had no obvious scar. Postoperative ankle dorsiflexion 10° to 25°, plantar flexion 15° to 45°. Patients were extremely satisfied with the results of repair. Conclusion Using antegrade or ret-rograde posterior tibial artery perforator flap without sacrificing the main vessel, it is a simple and effective method to repair the medial malleolus and calf wounds.