Objective To investigate the effects of different degrees of hemodilution on neurological injury and amino acid content in different brain areas after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) . Methods Forty-eight male adult SD rats weighing 400-450 g were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 12 each); group 1 Hct 10% (H1); group II Hct 20% (H2); group III Hct 30% (H3) and control group (C). All animals except those in control group underwent DHCA at 18 ℃ for 90 min (including cooling and rewarming) under general anesthesia with fentanyl, ketamine and droperidol. Different degrees of hemodilution were accomplished by changing the composition and volume of priming solution used in cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) . Hct was determined before, at the initiation of CPB and beginning of rewarming. PaO2, pH and blood lactate of arterial blood and SO2 of venous blood from internal jugular vein (SjvO2 ) were determined at the beginning and end of cooling and rewarming. The animals were killed and brains removed after recovery of circulatory function for the count of injured neurons and determination of glutamate (Glu), aspartate (Asp), glycine (Gly), ?-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and taurine (Tau) contents in cortex, hippocampus and thalamus. Results The number of injured neurons in hippocampus and parietal cortex was significantly smaller in Hct 30 % group than in the other two groups (P

The impeller profile, which is one of the most important factors, determines the creation of shear stress which leads to blood hemolysis in the internal flow of centrifugal blood pump. The investigation of the internal flow field in centrifugal blood pump and the estimation of the hemolysis within different impeller profiles will provide information to improve the performance of centrifugal blood pump. The SST kappa-omega with low Reynolds correction was used in our laboratory to study the internal flow fields for four kinds of impellers of centrifugal blood pump. The flow fields included distributions of pressure field, velocity field and shear stress field. In addition, a fast numerical hemolysis approximation was adopted to calculate the normalized index of hemolysis (NIH). The results indicated that the pressure field distribution in all kinds of blood pump were reasonable, but for the log spiral impeller pump, the vortex and backflow were much lower than those of the other pumps, and the high shear stress zone was just about 0.004%, and the NIH was 0.0089.
Assisted Circulation ; Heart-Assist Devices ; Hemolysis ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Stress, Mechanical

Shuyu Pill is the representative prescription for treating deficiency-essence. This article discussed the consistency of diabetes and deficiency-essence from TCM syndromes and etiology and pathogenesis, and probed into the correlation between Shuyu Pill and diabetic Western medicine of pathomechanism diabetes from the modern pharmacological research on Shuyu Pill. Therefore, it proposed that diabetes has the essence of deficiency-essence;the pathogenesis of diabetes should meet the efficacy of Shuyu Pill; pharmacological effects of Shuyu Pill can affect various pathological mechanism of diabetes, with a purpose to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of diabetes.

Aim To compare the different effect of intracarotid and intravenous injection of propofol on the neuronal apoptosis of hippocampus in rats undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass.Methods Fifty rats were randomly assigned to five groups. Shame group (Group Non-CPB,n=10); group cardiopulmonary bypass(group CPB,n=10);group intravenous injection of propofol 2 mg?kg -1?h -1 (group P_ 2V,n=10);group intravenous injection of propofol 10mg.kg -1?h -1 (group P_ 10V,n=10);group intracarotid injection of propofol 2 mg?kg -1?h -1 (group P_ 2a,n=10).Mean arterial pressure(MAP)and heart rate(HR) were monitored. Changes of the neuronal apoptosis of hippocampus were observed with TUNEL staining, Bax and bcl-2 mRNA and protein expressions were measured by RT-PCR and Western blot. In addition,neuronal ultrastructures were observed. Results Neuronal apoptosis and changes of neuronal ultrastructures of hippocampus were attenuated in group P_ 2a and P_ 10V,but the apoptosis of neurons was not attenuated in group P_ 2v. Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA expression increased undergoing CPB. Bax mRNA expression decreased after CPB in group P_ 2a and P_ 10V. Bcl-2 mRNA expression increased in group P_ 2a and P_ 10V. But Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA expression in group P_ 2V was not significantly different compared with that of group CPB. Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression measured by Western blot showed the same trend with mRNA expressions. Compared with baseline values, MAP and HR in group P_ 2V and P_ 2a remained unchanged. But the MAP and HR in group P_ 10V changed compared with group CPB and baseline value.Conclusions intracarotid injection of propofol attenuated the injury of brain at a fraction of the intravenous dose and with less adverse systemic and cerebrovascular side effects.

Objective: To investigate the role of miR-455 in cardiac hypertrophy with its potential cellular and molecular mechanism in mice. Methods: The mice model of cardiac hypertrophy was established by transverse aorta constriction (TAC), and 18 male kunming TAC mice were randomly divided into 3 groups:①TAC + miR-455 group,②TAC + GFP (green lfuorescence protein) group and③Sham group (sham operation + GFP).n=6 in each group and all animals were treated for 2 weeks. The hemodynamic and echocardiographic indexes were examined, histo-pathological changes of myocardial tissue were observed by HE and Masson staining. The hypertrophic and ifbrosis gene expressions were measured by RT-PCR, the apoptosis protein level was detected by Western blot analysis. The expressions of miR-455 targeting gene and protein were also determined. Results: Upon 2 weeks modeling, compared with Sham group, TAC+GFP group had increased ratio of heart weight/ body weight (9.78 ± 0.20) mg/g vs (8.25 ± 0.22) mg/g,P<0.01, increased left ventricular diastolic (LVD) wall thicknesses (1.782 ± 0.058) mm vs (1.457 ± 0.050) mm,P<0.05, decreased LVD diameter (3.027 ± 0.052) mm vs (3.142±0.050) mm,P<0.05, increased LVEF (84.167 ± 4.167) % vs (77.000 ± 3.347) %,P<0.05; increased gene expressions of cardiac hypertrophy and ifbrosis, allP<0.05, decreased anti-apoptosis protein and increased promoting apoptosis protein, allP<0.05. Compared with TAC+GFP group, TAC+miR-455 group presented increased ratio of heart weight/body weight (12.04 ± 0.11) mg/g vs (9.78 ± 0.20) mg/g,P<0.01, increased LVD wall thicknesses (1.908 ± 0.062) mm vs (1.782 ± 0.058) mm,P<0.01, decreased LVD diameter (2.893 ± 0.069) mm vs (3.027 ± 0.052) mm,P<0.01, while LVEF was similar between 2 groups,P>0.05; increased gene expression of cardiac hypertrophy,P<0.05, while gene expression of cardiac ifbrosis was similar between 2 groups,P>0.05; the anti-apoptosis protein and promoting apoptosis protein expressions were similar between 2 groups. Compared with Sham group, TAC+GFP group had increased expressions of calreticulin (CALR) and glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), allP<0.01. Compared with TAC+GFP group, TAC+miR-455 group had decreased mRNA and protein expressions of CALR, bothP<0.01, while GRP78 protein expression was similar between 2 groups,P>0.05. Conclusion: miR-455 may promote cardiac hypertrophy induced by short-term overload pressure via targeting CALR in experimental mice.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Yiqi Huayu Recipe on peanut agglutinin-binding molecules (PNA-BMs) and Schwann's cells (Sc) of the neuromuscular junction after L5 nerve root compression in rats. METHODS: The rats were given Yiqi Huayu Recipe at the 10th, 20th, 30th and 60th day after L5 nerve root compression. Using immunohistochemistry and confocal laser scanning techniques, we observed the distributions of PNA-BMs and S-100 in the soleus muscle. The overlap area of PNA-BMs and S-100 was measured with NIH image technique. RESULTS: The extracellular matrix (ECM) recognized by PNA played an important role in guiding the sprouting and extending of the Schwann's cells. The agglomeration, sprouting and extension of the terminal Sc and the overlap area of Sc with PNA-BMs in the Yiqi Huayu Recipe group were better than those in the control group. CONCLUSION: Yiqi Huayu Recipe can promote the growth of ECM and Schwann's cells and accelerate the nerve regeneration process.

Objective To understand the distribution of inhaled allergens throughout Hainan province and explore effective preventive measures against allergen by examining the serum allergen of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), which will provide evidence for specific immunotherapy for treating CRS. Methods Three hundred and eighteen CRS patients underwent Phadiatop blood test by using the UniCAP 100 , a completely automatic autoanalyser. Allergen-specific IgE of 7 common allergens were tested and the concentration of total immunoglobulin E (TIgE) was collected and evaluated. Results The positive rates of the serum TIgE and inhaled allergens were 64.15% and 37.74% respectively. The incidences of the positive serum SIgE is 33.96%. Among the positive cases, 28.30% of the inhaled allergens were dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, 27.36% for tropical mites, 21.07% for dermatophagoides farinae, 13.52% for cockroach, 11. 64% for house dust, 7. 86% for cat dander and 0.63% for dog dander. The incidences of positive TIgE and SIgE were not significantly different between patients with nasal polyps and sinusitis only. Conclusions Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, tropical mites and dermatophagoides farinae are the main inhaled allergens for CRS patients in Hainan.

Objective To investigate the prevention of stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) with Ramipril.Methods 404 acute stroke patients with primary hypertension were randomized into two groups.Group A received ramipril 2.5 mg once daily orally,and then were titrated up to 5 mg/d after a week.Group B received Candesartan 4 mg once daily orally,and then were titrated up to 8 mg/d after a week.The treatment course was 28 days.All patients received examination of Standardized Swallowing Assessment (SSA).The amelioration of swallow function and incidence of SAP after treatment were compared between the two groups.Results There were 10 patients suffering from SAP in group A and 21 patients in group B.The incidence of SAP was lower in group A(5.0％)than in group B(10.4％)(P＜0.05).The positive rate of SSA was 87.1 ％ in patients with SAP,higher than the total rate (47.5％).Dysphagia was improved in both groups after treatment.The rate of dysphagia improvement in group A and group B was 81.4％ and 66.3％ respectively.There was significant statistics difference in the positive case of SSA between two group (P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Orally treatment with ramipril is effective to prevent stroke-associated pneumonia and toimprove swallow function.

Aim To investigate the protective effects of high concentration fentanyl on the brain slice injury induced by oxygen glucose deprivation(OGD).Methods Rat brain slices were made and randomly assigned to four groups:control(n=10),OGD(n=10),fentanyl 50 ?g?L~(-1)(F_(50),n=10) and fentanyl 500 ?g?L~(-1)(F_(500),n=10).Changes of the neuron injury and apoptosis were observed with TTC staining,LDH releases,TUNEL staining,immunohistochemistry and electromicroscope.In addition,changes of intracellular calcium were measured with confocal laser-scanning microscopy.Results F_(50) and F_(500) attenuated the decrease of TTC staining and the increase of LDH release induced by OGD in brain slices.Neuronal apoptosis and changes of neuronal ultrastructures were attenuated by F_(50) and F_(500).Bcl-2 and Bax protein expressions were increased after OGD.Bax protein expression was decreased by F_(50) and F_(500),while Bcl-2 protein expression was increased by F_(50)and F_(500).Intracellular calcium concentration was increased by OGD and then it was lowered by F_(50) and F_(500).The protective effects of F_(50) were more obvious than that of F_(500).Conclusions High concentrations of fentanyl have neuron protective effects against OGD injury in rat brain slices,and fentanyl 50 ?g?L~(-1) has more obvious protective effects than fentanyl 500 ?g?L~(-1).

Objective To investigate risk factors and prognosis of hemorrhagic transformation(HT)in acute cerebral infarction patients treated by intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator(rt-PA).Methods All 128 patients with acute cerebral infarction were treated with intravenous rtPA within 6 hours from stroke onset.The clinic records and laboratory datas of pre-and post-treatment were statistically analyzed between HT group and non-HT group to find potential risk factors to HT and contributors of prognosis.Results HT occurred in 29 patients(22.66％),including 16 patients with symptomatic ICH(12.50％)and 2 patients died(6.90％ of HT).Logistic regression analysis showed that history of atrial fibrillation(OR =1.293,95％ CI 1.224-1.589,P =0.001),CT density changes with mass effect or edema(OR =2.452,95％ CI 1.132-3.309,P =0.034),diastolic blood pressure ≥ 100 mm Hg before thrombolytic therapy(1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa,OR =9.265,95％ CI 1.435-59.836,P =0.019),blood glucose ≥ 11.1 mmol/L(OR =3.037,95％ CI 0.252-57.593,P =0.047),NIHSS score ＞ 15 points (OR =8.752,95％ CI 1.035-30.285,P =0.023)and thrombolysis time ＞ 3 h(OR =98.74,95％ CI 5.067-186.120,P =0.002)are independent risk factors for HT; among these factors,baseline blood glucose(OR =3.265,95 ％ CI 0.435-59.863,P =0.045),NIHSS score(OR =10.453,95 ％ CI 5.647-38.185,P =0.003)and thrombolysis time(OR =2.541,95％ CI 1.098-51.086,P =0.017)also are prediction factors of the prognosis of HT.Conclusion Risk factors associated with HT are diastolic blood pressure before thrombolysis,glucose level,degree of neurological deficits,CT early changes,atrial fibrillation and thrombolytic time.Glucose level,neurological deficits and thrombolysis time affects the prognosis of patients.