Cancer cachexia patients have severely metabolic disorders. The release of tumor specific cachectic factors and increased synthesis of cytokines will lead to reinforced catabolism、decreased anabolism and increased energy expenditure of the patients. Progressive depletion of host reserves of adipose tissue and protein will lead to decreasing organs function ,and ultimately the failure of the patients.By increasing understanding of the mechanisms involved in cancer cachexia process,the application of mechanism based anticachectic agents will make great improvements in the therapy of cancer cachexia.

In clinical practice,regional portal hypertension is infrequent,but it is the only type which could be cured of portal hypertension.Pancreatic diseases are the chief pathogeny of regional portal hypertension,and the obstruction of spleen vein is the basic reason.The common clinical manifestation is isolatism varicose veins of pylorus.The golden standard of its iconography diagnosis is DSA,and the treatment should follow the individual principle.The splenectomy is the basic measure for them who have UGIB or hypersplenism.This is a review about recent advance in regional portal hypertension of etiology and classification,pathology and physiology,clinical manifestation,diagnosis,radiographic examination,cure,and so on.

Objective:Study on the possibility that human follicular dendritic cells(FDC) can increase HIV infection and to investigate the related mechanisms.Methods:Human FDC was isolated from tonsils and cultured with infected heterogenous pheripheral lymphocytes or cultured with infected hemogenous tonsilar T lymphocytes.HIV P24 antigen,HIV 1 env DNA and HIV 1 nef RNA were determined respectively with ELISA method,PCR or RT PCR method.Results:FDCs were cultured with infected heterogenous lymphocytes,the P24 antigen is 6 7 times higher than the control group(P

Objective: To investigate the effect of Bortezomib (an inhibitor of proteasome) on IL-6 synthesis and cachexia in colon 26 tumor bearing mice. Methods: Murine colon 26 adenocarcinoma cells were inoculated subcutaneously in male BALB/c mice to induce cachexia. Saline and three doses of Bortezomib (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) were given intraperitoneally on day 6, 9, 12 and 15 after tumor inoculation and mice were sacrificed on day 16. Body weight, food intake and tumor volume were monitored daily. Serum levels of IL-6 and IL-10, tumor tissue levels of IL-6 and activity of NF-κB in tumor tissues were investigated in all animals. Results: By day 16, saline treated tumor-bearing mice showed significant body weight and carcass weight changes (P<0.01), gastrocnemius muscle wasting and epididymal fat depletion (P<0.01). Furthermore, Tumor-bearing caused a significant increase of IL-6 and IL-10 (P<0.01) in serum and IL-6 in tumor tissues. Administration of Bortezomib attenuated the wasting of carcass weight, gastrocnemius muscle and epididymal fat. Bortezomib dose dependently inhibited the NF-κB activation and IL-6 synthesis of the tumor cells, and the maximal inhibition was observed at the dose of 1.0 mg/kg (P<0.01). Bortezomib 0.5 mg/kg significantly inhibited the increase of serum IL-6 (P<0.01). Bortezomib showed significant anti-tumor effect, and tumor growth was significantly inhibited by Bortezomib with 0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg (P<0.01). Conclusion: Bortezomib can inhibit NF-κB activation, tissue wasting and cancer cachexia.

Objective To evaluated the safety and complications of endovasdcular stenting for symptomatic carotid stenosis with surgical high risk.Methods A series of 11 vessels in 9 patients at surgical high risk were treated by endovascular stenting. The complications during the procedures and postoperative periods were analyzed within one to five months. Results All of the operations were successfully performed without any serious complications. During the follow up period (averaging 6 months), there were no complications of TIAs, stokes and restenoses.Conclusions The study suggests that endovascular stenting may be safe and effective for patients at surgical high risk, but further more study is needed.

90%inasinglestep,andtheproteinyieldwas2.5mg/L.ConclusionPurifiedChsp60kDantigenisobtained,andtheantigenmightbeappliedtodetectantibodyinpatientsinfectedwithChlamydialtrachomatis,andwillcontributetostudytheroleofChsp60inimmunopathogenesis.

Objective To observe the effects of fasudil hydrochloride injections on the levels of endothdin(ET)-1,nitric oxide(NO)in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)in patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage(SAH),and analyze,its mechanisms in preventing cerebral vasospasm(CVS).Method Sixty SAH cases were randomly divided into fasudil group(30 cases)and control group(30 cases).On 2nd and 10th day after in hospital,the speed of cerebral blood flow was measured by transeranial Doppier(TCD),and the levels of ET-1,NO in plasma and CSF were measured by radio-immunity.Results The incidence of CVS in fasudil group were significantly less than those in control group[6.67%(2/30)vs 36.67%(11/30),P<0.05].On the 10th day,the levels of ET-1 in plasma and CSF in fasudil group were signitlcandy lower than those in control group[(118.23±14.56)ng/L vs(132.26±15.18)ng/L,(138.23±16.58)ng/L vs (156.24±17.54)ng/L ](P<0.05),the levels of NO were significantly higher than those in control group [(88.25±15.54)μmol/L vs(70.26±14.86)μmol/L,(104.27±16.52)μmol/L vs(92.43 ±12.51)±mol/L](P<0.05).But there were no significant difference on the 2nd day(P>0.05).Conclusion Fasudil can reduce CVS in patients with SAH by lowering the levels of ET-1 and increasing the levels of NO in plasma and CSF.

Granolocyte-macrophage clony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a heamato-poietic growth factors involved in the generation of granulocytes and macrophages. Recent studies have suggested that the expression of GM-CSF increases following cerebral ischemia in the nervous system, indicating that GM-CSF may play an important role in the neuroprotection after ischemia. M-CSF protects neurons mainly through anti-apoptosis, promoting collateral circulation, and inhibiting energy consumption.

At present,intranasal delivery has entered clinical trial stage.In recent years,how to imroving the efficiency of intranasal delivery has been extensively investigated.This article briefly reviews some factors that impact the targeting of intranasal delivery and the drug concentration in the central nervous system.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous non-coding RNAs composed of 18-25 nucleotides,and they may play a role in gene regulation through completely or partially binding to target gene mRNA complementary sequences and make it degrade or prevent its translation.miRNAs play important roles in the onset and pathophysiological processes of ischemic stroke.This article reviews the roles of miRNAs in the etiology of ischemic stroke and pathophysiological mechanisms after stroke,and the potential application of miRNAs is prospected.