Objective To investigate the treatment method of osteoporotic refracture after vertebroplasty.Methods One hundred and twenty patients (140 vertebraes) with osteoporotic fractures from January 2010 to January 2011 were selected,12 months after operation,15 cases of refracture (20vertebraes) patients as the research object,11 cases were given bone cement to strengthen treatment,postoperative anti-infection,recovery given a positive rehabilitation exercise instruction ;4 cases were given anti-osteoporosis treatment.Follow-up of 10 months,whether leakage of bone cement and the recovery of anti-osteoporosis treatment were observed.Results Eleven patients with refracture in the process of bone cement injection had no prevertebral venous leakage and disc leakage,none of the patients had bone cement leakage after operation;including 3 cases occurred back pain after injection,the main consideration was surgery influenced the local nerve functions and given analgesic treatment,then pain significantly reduced; 4cases with anti-osteoporosis therapy and recoverd better,no pain and other unsuitable symptom occurred.Postoperative 3 d all of the patients could get out of bed,were discharged on 1 week after operation.All patients were not appear the adverse host reaction of fillers,with no occurrence of refracture.Through visual analog pain scale(VAS) score,VAS score in the 3 d after treatment and end-stage follow-up were significantly lower than before treatment [(3.05 ± 0.55),(0.05 ± 0.15) scores vs.(6.95 ± 0.65) scores],and VAS score at the time of end-stage follow-up was lower than 3 d after treatment,there was significant difference (P ＜0.05).Conclusion Bone cement to strengthen with anti-infection and rehabilitation exercise instruction and anti-osteoporosis in the treatment of osteoporotic refracture after vertebroplasty curative effect,safe and reliable effect,worthy of clinical popularization and application.

Bioactive natural products are the material bases of Chinese materia medica resources. With successful applications of synthetic biology strategies to the researches and productions of taxol, artemisinin and tanshinone, etc, the potential ability of synthetic biology in the sustainable utilization of Chinese materia medica resources has been attracted by many researchers. This paper reviews the development of synthetic biology, the opportunities of sustainable utilization of Chinese materia medica resources, and the progress of synthetic biology applied to the researches of bioactive natural products. Furthermore, this paper also analyzes how to apply synthetic biology to sustainable utilization of Chinese materia medica resources and what the crucial factors are. Production of bioactive natural products with synthetic biology strategies will become a significant approach for the sustainable utilization of Chinese materia medica resources.

Aim To investigate the effects of stromal cell-derived factor-1α ( SDF-1α) on cell proliferation in primary cultured rat astrocytes and the possible mechanisms. Methods The primary cultured rat astr-cytes were treated with recombinant human SDF-1α at different concentrations, the cell proliferation was as-sessed by cell counting and 5-bromo-2’-deoxyuridine incorporation assay;intracellular calcium concentration was detected with calcium sensitive fluorescent probe;phorphorylation of extracellular regulated protein ki-nase1/2 ( ERK1/2 ) was determined by Western blot analysis;cell cycle transition was analyzed by flow cy-tometry analysis; mRNA expressions of cyclin A2 and cyclin B1 were determined by quantitative RT-PCR. Results Treatment of astrocytes with SDF-1α (5 -40 nmol·L-1 ) for 48 h induced significant cell prolifera-tion. SDF-1α at 20 nmol·L-1 increased the intracel-lular calcium concentration and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2. In addition, SDF-1α at 20 nmol·L-1 pro-moted the cell cycle transition from G0 to S and M pha-ses, and up-regulated the mRNA expressions of Cyclin A2 and Cyclin B1 . Conclusion SDF-1α significantly induces cell proliferation in primary cultured rat astro-cytes via enhancing calcium influx, ERK1/2 phospho-rylation, Cyclin expression and promoting cell cycle transition.

Objective To explore the relationship between the cognitive disorders in the first episode of schizophrenia and P300 components.Methods P300 components were measured by using an auditory oddball paradigm with a Denmark KeyPoint Evoked Potentials instrument in 60 cases of schizophrenia and 3 cases of schizophreniform disorder,whose psychopathological status was assessed with the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale(PANSS).Forty healthy subjects were used as control.Results The principal component analysis of the PANSS items revealed five factors:cognitive disorder,negative symptoms,depressive disorder,hostility/excitement and delusion/hallucination.The patients had lower amplitude of P300 at Fz,Cz,Pz,T3 and T4 than the normal controls(P

Tanshinones are the bioactive components of the Chinese medicinal herb Salvia miltiorrhiza, while its biosynthetic pathway remains to be characterized. Rapid identification and characterization of the genes correlated to tanshinones biosynthesis is very important. As one of the intermediates of tanshinones biosynthesis, the ferruginol content is relative low in both root and engineered bacteria. It is urgent to construct an efficient system for conversion of miltiradiene to ferruginol to obtain large amount of ferruginol as the substrates for further identifying other downstream genes involved in tanshinones biosynthesis. In this study, we constructed the whole-cell yeast biocatalysts co-expressing miltiradiene oxidase CYP76AH1 and cytochrome P450 reductases (SmCPR1) from Salvia miltiorrhiza, and then characterized it with RT-PCR. After permeabilization, the yeast whole-cell could catalyze turnover of miltiradiene to ferruginol efficiently through single-step biotransformation with a conversion efficiency up to 69.9%. The yeast whole-cell biocatalyst described here not only provide an efficient platform for producing ferruginol in recombinant yeast but also an alternative strategy for identifying other CYP genes involved in tanshinones biosynthesis.

Aim To investigate the expression and im-plication of HIF-1α, ROCK-2 , FoxM1 in PC12 cell in-jury induced by lead acetate. Methods PC12 cells were treated with lead acetate at the doses of 100 , 200 and 400 μmol·L-1 . The cell viability was determined by MTT reduction assay and LDH assay, the intracellu-lar production of oxygen species was measured by as-sessing SOD and MDA levels, cell apoptosis was deter-mined by Hoechst 33342 staining, the expressions of HIF-1α, ROCK-2 , FoxM1 , Bcl-2 and Bax were deter-mined by immunoblotting analysis. Results Lead ac-etate induced cell injury in PC12 cells in a dose-de-pendent manner, and it potentiated oxygen radical pro-duction and cell apoptosis. In addition, lead acetate enhanced HIF-1α and ROCK-2 expressions, increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and decreased FoxM1 expression. Conclusion Lead acetate can induce PC12 cell apop-tosis, which may be related with the expressions of HIF-1α, ROCK-2 and FoxM1 . Cellular oxidative stress may contribute to the injury as well.

Background and purpose:Differentiation of tumor tissue is an important factor on determining the prognosis of gastric cancer. This study aimed to investigate the expression levels and clinical signiifcance of gender determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) gene and octamer binding factor 4 (OCT4) gene in gastric cancer tissues varying different differentiation degrees. Methods: Sixty cases with gastric cancer were recruited in this study. The gastric cancer tissues and corresponding normal mucosa of the 60 cases were obtained. The mRNA and protein level of SOX2, OCT4 gene are evaluated by the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), Western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The relationship between the expression levels of SOX2, OCT4 gene and clinical pathological parameters were also analyzed in this study. Results:The expression of SOX2 in both mRNA and protein levels had no signiifcant difference between the well-differentiated gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric mucosa (mRNA levels:t=0.1033, P>0.05;protein levels:t=0.116, P>0.05). However, both the mRNA and protein expression of SOX2 in patients with well-differentiated gastric cancer tissues were signiifcant higher than not only in patients with moderately differentiated gastric carcinoma (mRNA levels: t=12.48, P<0.05; protein levels: t=22.78, P<0.05) but also in patients with than poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma (mRNA levels:t=17.56, P<0.05;protein levels:t=30.00, P<0.05). In contrast to SOX2, both the mRNA and protein expression of OCT4 in patients with well-differentiated gastric cancer tissues were signiifcant lower than not only in patients with moderately differentiated gastric carcinoma (mRNA levels:t=13.23, P<0.05; protein levels: t=25.56, P<0.05) but also in patients with poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma (mRNA levels: t=12.10, P<0.05; protein levels: t=69.48, P<0.05). There was no significance of OCT4 mRNA and protein expression between the well-differentiated gastric cancer tissues and normal gastric mucosa (mRNA levels:t=2.436, P>0.05;protein levels:t=1.064, P>0.05). Immunohistochemical study demonstrated that the positive rate of SOX2 in patients with well-differentiated gastric cancer tissues (10/21) were higher than in patients with not only moderately differentiated gastric carcinoma (7/20) but also poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma (2/19, P<0.05), while the positive rate of OCT4 in cases with well-differentiated gastric cancer tissues (2/21) were lower than in cases with not only moderately differentiated gastric carcinoma (6/20) but also the poorly differentiated gastric carcinoma (12/19, P<0.05). There was no correlation between the expression of SOX2, OCT4 in gastric cancer and gender or age (P>0.05). Nevertheless, the expression of SOX2, OCT4 were positive or negative correlated with the pathological staging, the degree of inifltration and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). Conclusion:Decreased SOX2 expression and increased expression level of OCT4 can promote the formation, development and invasion of gastric cancer and they may become biomarkers or the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis evaluation in gastric carcinoma.

Objective To quantify the validity and reliability of the Hong Kong version of the functional test for the Hemiplegic Upper Extremity (FTHUE-HK).Methods Forty-two stroke patients were studied.Patients were assessed twice within one week using the FTHUE-HK,the upper extremity component of Fugl-Meyer movement assessment (FMA) and the modified Barthel index (MBI).The test-retest reliability and inter-rater reliability of the FTHUE-HK were thus quantified.The FTHUE-HK's validity was evaluated according to the correlation between the FTHUE-HK,FMA and MBI results.Results Significant correlations between the three assessments were demonstrated(P≤0.01).The intra-and inter-class correlation coefficients were 0.983 and 0.985 respectively.Conclusion The FTHUE-HK is a simple and useful assessment of the upper extremity function of stroke patients with good validity and reliability.

Aim To investigate the role of HIF-1 αin PC1 2 cell injury induced by quinolinic acid.Methods PC1 2 cells were treated with quinolinic acid at the do-ses of 2.5,5 and 1 0 mmol·L -1 ,the cell viability was determined by MTT reduction assay and LDH as-say,the intracellular levels of oxygen species was measured by assessing SOD and MDA levels,cell ap-optosis was determined by Hoechst 33258 staining,the intracellular distribution of HIF-1 αwas examined by HIF-1 αimmunostaining,and the expressions of HIF-1 α,Akt,p-Akt,Bcl-2 and Bax were determined by im-munoblotting analysis.Results Quinolinic acid in-duced cell injury in PC1 2 cells in a dose-dependent manner,and potentiated oxygen radical production and cell apoptosis.In addition,quinolinic acid enhanced HIF-1 αexpression and accumulation in nuclei.The p-Akt expression and Bax/Bcl-2 ratio was increased by quinolinc acid in PC1 2 cells.Conclusions HIF-1 αand Akt mediate qunolinc acid-induced cell apoptosis in PC1 2 cells.And cellular oxidative stress may con-tribute to the injury as well.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of the current measure of Oncomelania hupensis control in Jiangsu Province. Methods The snail control was carried out with molluscicides in the high transmission areas every year. Some snail habitat areas were modified. The snail areas within three years were re-treated with molluscicides in the maintenance phase. The snail survey was carried out every spring, and the data were analysed with SAS software. Results From 1995 to 2001, 14519.17 hm 2 of snail habitats were molluscicided, 2768.57 hm 2 were modified, and 8803.64 hm 2 were re-treated with molluscicides in the maintenance phase. The coverage rates of snail control areas dropped by 19.14% every year. The snail areas increased by 6.25% every year from 1995 to 2002. In which, the areas of infected snails increased by 18.52% every year. The correlation analysis showed that the areas of infected snails increased with the increasing of the total snail areas. At the same time, the areas of infected snails increased with the fall of the coverage rates of snail control areas. The analysis of the snail distribution showed that the main problem was poor snail control. Conclusion In recent years, the rise of area of snail habitats is serious in Jiangsu Province. The present measures of the snail control have not effectively stopped the spreading and increasing of snails. The research on the new molluscicides, the new methods of snail control and the better policies are very important.