Objective To observe pre-syncopal limited tolerance and cardiovascular responses to head-up tilt combined with lower body negative pressure (HUT/LBNP) following exposure to head-down tilt (HDT, -1 Gz). Method Exposures to HUT/LBNP (-60 mmHg) in control session (without preceding 30 s -1 Gz treatment) and in simulated push-pull effect (PPE) session (with preceding 30 s -1 Gz treatment) were performed in 8 healthy adults. The changes of hemodynamic parameters were monitored by electrical impedance instrument during the experiments. Result The mean endurance time in presyncopal symptom limited HUT/LBNP in control session and in simulated PPE session were 8.4±2.1 min and 4.5±2.4 min, respectively, the two means were significantly different (P< 0.01). In simulated PPE session, as compared with baseline, heart rate (HR) during HDT was significantly lowered (P<0.01), while stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) were increased significantly (P<0.01). During HUT/LBNP, the increased percentage (relative to baseline) of HR in PPE session was lower than these in control session (P<0.05); the decreased percentages of SV and CO during HUT/LBNP in PPE session were both higher than those in control session (P<0.05). During HUT/LBNP, arterial pulse pressure (PP) of control session was significantly decreased than the value of baseline value (P<0.05); Total peripheral resistance (TPR) of PPE session was significantly increased than baseline value (P<0.05). Conclusion Tolerance time before the appearance of presyncopal symptoms during HUT/LBNP decreases and cardiovascular responses to HUT/LBNP are impaired, preceding exposure to HDT.

The article described the characteristics of research teaching and try to adopt a different research teaching methods based on the characteristics of the contents of each chapter of aerospace biodynamics to enhance the effectiveness of military medicine lesson and cultivate innovative thinking ability of students in military schools.

AIM: To demonstrate the susceptibility of cell apoptosis varies during the progress of cell malig- nant transformation from human being in vitro. METHODS: A SV40T - transfected human bronchial epithelial im- mortalized cell line (called M) was selected in this work, which has acquired some characteristics of malignant trans- formation at the later passage. The alterations of apoptosis and bcl- 2, P53 genes between early and later passage of M cells were investigated by means of TDT labeling in situ, chromosome FISH, RNA and protein testing, etc. RE- SULTS: Incidence of apoptosis induced by cis - platin was significantly lower in later than in early passages of M. Levels of bcl - 2 mRNA and protein in later passages were higher than early passages of M, and overxpression of bcl -2 was accumulated following the development of cellular malignancy. P53 protein level was as high in early as in later passages. CONCLUSION: Overexpression of bcl - 2 decreases the cellular sensitivity to apoptotic inductors plays an important role during progress of carcinogenesis in human bronchial epithelial cancers. The inactivation of P53 protein in the SV40 - T transfected M cell line may be one of reasons of bcl - 2 overexpression, but not associated with the accumulation of bcl - 2 expressed level during cell transformation.

A total of 218 patients on chemotherapeutic regimens containing oxaliplatin were randomly divided into experimental (n =120) and control (n =98) groups.The experimental group received an intravenous infusion of lipoic acid plus sodium potassium magnesium calcium and glucose injection.The control group had only normal saline.Overall incidence of neurotoxicity and toxicity grade of peripheral nerve were observed after 4,8 and 12 cycles.Those with neurotoxic symptoms were followed up for 1 year.No significantly statistical difference existed in the incidence of peripheral neurotoxicity after 4,8 cycles (P ＞0.05).After 12 cycles,31 patients in the experimental group had an onset of neurotoxicity of grade3 (n=8,6.7％) &grade4 (n=0) versus21 cases of grade3 (n=21,21.4％) and grade4 (n=5,5.1％) in the control group.Statistically significant differences existed between grades 3 and 4 neurotoxicity (P ＜0.05).After 1 year of follow-up,the incidence of grade 1 of neurotoxicity was 2.5％ (n =3) in the experimental group versus 23.7％ (n =9) in the control group.And the inter-group difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Lipoic acid plus sodium potassium magnesium,calcium and glucose injection can effectively prevent the occurrences of acute and chronic peripheral neurotoxicity associated with oxaliplatin.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis value of transrectal ultrasound and transabdominal ultrasound in fat sufferers with bladder tumor.Methods In own control,transabdominal and transrectal ultrasound were used to examine 87 fat patients with suspected bladder tumor.The tumors were confirmed by cystoscope and pathological section.They were divided into 3 groups according to the size:＜10 mm,10-20 mm,and＞20 mm,the detection rates of the tumors and blood flow in tumors,the diagnose accordance rates of the tumor stage of the two methods were analyzed.Results Of the 92 lesions pathologically confirmed to be bladder tumors,the diagnose accordance rate of transabdominal ultrasound was 79.3%,missed diagnosis rate was 1 7.4%,misdiagnosis rate was 3.3%,while the diagnose accordance rate of transrectal ultrasound was 95.6%,misseddiagnosis rate was 4.4%,misdiagnosis rate was 0.There was statistical significance on the detection rate of thetumor and blood flow in tumor of the two methods(P＜0.05).Also there was statistical significance on the diagnosis accordance rate of the tumor staging on Ta,T1,T2(P＜0.05).Conclusions As to detecting bladder tumors in fat sufferers,transreetal ultrasound iS obviously superior to transabdominal ultrasound.

BACKGROUND: At present, most researches on simulated weightlessness are confined to its effect on the artery. Therefore, the effect on the vein needs to be further studied.OBJECTIVE: To probe into the effect of simulated weightlessness on the ultrastructure of rabbit femoral vein and the remodeling of femoral vein.DESIGN: A completely randomized and controlled trial based on experimental animals.SETTING: Department of Aerospace and Aviation Medical Science, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA.MATERIALS: The experiment was completed in the Department of Aerospace and Aviation Medical Science, Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from December 2000 to December 2001. Altogether 24healthy male New Zealand rabbits, weighing 2.0-2.5 kg were obtained.INTERVENTIONS: The model of Head-Down Tilt( -20°) (HDT) simulated weightlessness was established in rabbits. A total of 24 healthy male New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into control group, 10-day simulated weightlessness group and 21-day simulated weightlessness group, with 8rabbits in each group. The ultrastructure of the rabbit femoral vein was observed under transmission electron microscope.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes and degeneration of endothelial cell, mitochondrion, internal elastic membrane, and smooth muscle.RESULTS: Cell organelles in endothelial cell of the femoral vein of HDT rabbits decreased, mitochondrion dissolved and disappeared, vacuolar degeneration in endothelial cell increased and phagolysosome in endothelial cell could be found. Internal elastic membrane became thinner and was broken. The smooth muscle layer became thinner and some smooth muscle cells became degenerated. Cell interstitial substance increased. There was significant difference in changes between 21-day and 10-day simulated weightlessness groups.CONCLUSION: The vascular remodeling of femoral vein occurs with atrophic changes during simulated weightlessness. The longer duration of simulated weightlessness is, the more obviously the structure of femoral vein changes.

Objective To investigate the relationship between liver metastasis and prognosis in postoperative distal bile duct cancer patients Methods In this study 128 cases of distal bile duct cancer undergoing surgical procedures were analyzed retrospectively Using Kaplan meier method to calculate their survival rates, ? 2 test to analyze the difference of sample rates Logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the factors influencing liver metastasis and log rank univariate analysis was used to assess the role of liver metastasis in the long survival Results Liver metastasis is a major cause of postoperative death Pathological types of the carcinoma and pancreatic invasion are significant predictors of liver metastasis Conclusion Aggressive treatment of postoperative liver metastasis is an important strategy to improve the long survival of postoperative bile duct cancer patients

AIM:To study the diagnosis of hyperchloremic triple acid-base disorders (hyperchloremic TABD) and its mechanisms and to find out the cause of hyperchloremic TABD of the burn patients. METHODS:① 154 concomitant arterial blood gas and electrolyte panel of 113 burn patients were diagnosed by clinical approach. ② The plasma aldosterone concentrations of burn patients were tested by radioimmunoassay. RESULTS:9 cases of the 113 burn patients were hyperchloremic TABD. Their plasma aldosterone's values were significantly higher than that of the natural ( P

Objective To discuss the application effect of zero OT-U type bionics urine bag in neurology critically ill patients to reduce the indwelling catheterization complications. Methods A total of 50 cases of critically ill patients with indwelling catheter were chosen from July 2014 to May 2015. They were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group with 25 cases in each group according to the time of admission. The control group used common urine bags and the experimental group adopted bionics urine bag. The excessive urine, urinary tract infection, incontinence associated dermatitis, the time with indwelling urinary catheter,replacing the urine tube to urinate in two groups were compared. Results The rate of excessive urine, urinary tract infection, incontinence associated dermatitis and the time with indwelling urinary catheter in the experimental group were 12%(3/25), 4%(1/25), 32%(8/25) and (10.120 ±3.295) days, while the results were 84%(21/25), 48%(12/25), 80%(20/25) and (28.040±9.480) days in the control group, the differences were different (χ2=27.931,7.741, 7.018, t=8.927, P<0.01). The cases of voluntary micturition, induced micturition and secondary catheterization were 17, 5 and 3, and the results in the control group were 3, 12 and 10, the differences were were different ( χ2=16.452, P < 0.01). Conclusions The zero OT-U type bionics urine bag has a bigger superiority in reducing the related complications in neurology critically ill patients with indwelling catheter. At the same time , the zero OT-U type bionics urine bag reduced the patient's pain, improved the family satisfaction and reduced the pressure on care and treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparin and rivaroxaban in the preven-tion of deep venous thrombosis after spinal surgery. METHODS:Totally 276 patients with high risk factors after spinal surgery were randomly divided into control group and observation group. The patients in the two groups were used elastic stockings to physi-cally prevent deep venous thrombosis from the postoperative first day to continue 3 months;based on it,control group was subcuta-neously injected with 1 low molecular weight heparin from the postoperative first day,once a day. Observation group was orally treated with 1 Rivaroxaban tablet,once every night. The treatment course for 2 groups was 2 weeks. The clinic data was observed, including clinical efficacy,superficial femoral vein diameter(FSV),popliteal vein diameter(POPV),prothrombin time(PT),fi-brinogen degradation products(FIB)and D- dimer(DD)before and after treatment,incidence of deep venous thrombosis and ad-verse reactions. RESULTS:There were no significant differences in the total effective rate and deep venous thrombosis and inci-dence of ADR between 2 groups(P>0.05). After 3 months,compared with before,there were no significant differences in the FSV and POPV between 2 groups (P>0.05);POPV in control group was significantly lower than before and observation group, there was statistical significance(P<0.05). After 1 week,compared with before,there was no significant difference in the PT be-tween 2 groups(P>0.05);the FIB and D-D were significantly higher than before,there was statistical significance(P<0.05), however,there were no significant differences between 2 groups(P>0.05);after 4 weeks,PT in 2 groups was significantly high-er than before,there was statistical significance(P<0.05),however,there were no significant differences between 2 groups(P>0.05);FIB and D-D were significantly higher than before,and observation group was lower than control group,there was statisti-cal significance(P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Both efficacy and safety of low molecular weight heparin and rivaroxaban in the pre-vention of deep venous thrombosis after spinal surgery are good. However,rivaroxaban is better than low molecular weight heparin in improving blood coagulation function.