Objective To investigate the effects of Astragalus polysaccarides (APS) on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats. Methods Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 8 ): control group, TNBS group, low-dose APS group, high-dose APS group, and prednisone group. Experimental colitis was induced in rats by enema administration of TNBS. Rats in APS and sions and histological damages were determined, and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) was measured in the excised colonic tissues. Cytokine levels including interleukin (IL)-4 and IL-10 were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Both macroscopic lesions and histological colonic damages induced by TNBS were reduced by low-dose APS treatment. These were accompanied by significantly attenuated colonic MPO activity (P = 0. 03) and the increase of IL-4 and IL-10 levels. The macroscopic lesions and MPO activities of high-dose APS group were higher than TNBS group, histological damage and level of IL-4 were lower, and level of IL-10 was higher, but all without statistical significance. Levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were lower than those of TNBS group, but there was no significant difference between prednisone group and TNBS group. Levels of IL-4 and IL-10 were significantly lower in prednisone group than in control group ( P = 0. 049, P = 0. 001 ). Conclusions Different doses of APS have different effects on TNBS-induced colitis. Lower dose of APS has the therapeutic potential inexperimental colitis, while higher dose of APS may aggravate the disease.

OBJECTIVE: To offer guidance for psychiatric patients about rational drug use and improve patient's compliance.METHODS: Clinical pharmacists answered the questions encountered by patients during medication process by means of face-to-face talk with patients or their relatives and telephone inquiry.RESULTS: Patients' drug counseling in psychiatry department covered wide range,much as in the aspects of drug interactions and adverse drug reactions.Due to medication consultation service,patient's consciousness of rational drug use had been improved and some medication errors had been avoided,clinical pharmacists' professional knowledge has been enriched and clinical pharmacy has been enhanced and developed.CONCLUSION: The medication consultation service developed in psychiatric department is of positive practical significance in promoting rational drug use and improving clinical efficacy.

Objective To investigate the effect of Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) on 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in rats and on dendritic cells (DCs) in mesenteric lymph nodes.Methods Forty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 11) using simple random sampling: normal control group, TNBS group, APS group, and 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA) group.Experimental colitis was induced in rats by TNBS enema in the last three groups.Rats in APS and 5-ASA groups were treated by gavage with APS (0.75 g ? kg-1 ? d-1) and 5-ASA (100 mg ? kg-1 ? d-1) on the 10 consecutive days following TNBS administration.The rats were then sacrificed and the colonic inflammatory scores of rats were measured, including the scores of disease activity index ( DAI) , macroscopic lesions, and histological damages,as well as the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO).The expressions of major histocompatibility complex class Ⅱ(MHC Ⅱ ) and costimulatory molecule CD86 on DCs were determined by flow cytometry.Results Compared with the TNBS group, APS group had significantly decreased scores of DAI ( P = 0.007 ) , macroscopic lesions (P =0.017), and histological damages (P = 0.016).Moreover, its level of the activity of MPO dropped but without statistical significance (P =0.183).TNBS group had significantly higher expressions of MHC Ⅱand CD86 molecules on DCs than the normal control group (P = 0.005, P = 0.008), APS group (P = 0.023, P = 0.018), and 5-ASA group (P = 0.017, P=0.013).Conclusion APS may attenuate TNBS-induced colitis in rats and downregulate the activation of DCs in mesenteric lymph nodes.

Objective To evaluate the etiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestation, imaging features, treatments and factors related to prognosis of acute spinal spontaneous hematoma.Methods The clinical data of 38 patients with acute spinal hematoma treated in our hospital from 2011 till now were analyzed retrospectively.Duration of follow-up was 6 months.The factors influencing the prognosis were analyzed.Results Acute epidural hematomas (n=29) were much more common than subdural (n=5), subarachnoid (n=1) and intramedullary (n=3).Most hematomas were located in the cervical and thoracic vertebra regions.The etiology of acute spinal spontaneous hematoma was unknown in most patients.Twenty-nine patients were dealt with surgical intervention and 9 patients were treated conservatively.After 6-month follow up, recovery rate measured by JOA score in patients of spinal injury ASIA level A and B was (51.26 ±38.97), and level C, D and E was (80.33 ±25.83), P<0.05.Recovery rate in patients with hematoma discovered in less then 24 hours treated with surgical decompression was (64.79 ±36.10), and that in those with hematoma present over 24 hours was (34.54 ±30.17), P<0.05.Conclusions Acute spinal hematoma always caused by unknown etiology, and usually manifests itself in a sudden onset of pain and neurological deficits.The early diagnosis mainly depends on MRI.Patients presenting with severe neurologic dysfunction or showing signs of progressive deficit should have immediate surgical intervention. The status of neurological deficits before surgery and the length of interval between onset and surgical intervention are associated with recovery.

Objective　To evaluate the role of transfected angiotensinⅡ(Ang Ⅱ) receptor AT1 anti-sense nucleotide (AT1A) in the expression of subtypes of AngⅡ receptor mRNA, synthesis of protein and nucleic acid in cardiomyocytes. Methods　AT1 cDNA sequence (476 bp) was cloned with RT-PCR and reversely inserted into PcDNA3.1 (5.4 kb) to construct an intact plasmid containing AT1A (PAT1A). The plasmid was then transfected into the cultured cardiomyocytes and identified with RT-PCR and Western blot. The synthesis of protein and nucleic acid identified by 3H-Leu and 3H-TdR incorporation, and expressions of AT1 and AT2 mRNA by RT-PCR, were compared between transfected and nontransfected cardiomyocytes after being stimulated with 10-7 mol/L AngⅡ for 24 h. Results　The plasmid PAT1A were successfully constructed. The AT1 mRNA and its protein were expressed significantly less in the transfected cardiomyocytes than in the control (P<0.01). In the transfected cardiomyocytes, AT1 mRNA expression was markedly decreased, but that of AT2 mRNA obviously increased (P<0.01) when compared with the nontransfected cardiomyocytes after stimulation for 24 h with AngⅡ 10-7 mol/L; no significant difference was found in 3H-Leu and 3H-TdR incorporation between them. Conclusion　After the cardiomyocytes was tranfected with AT1A, the expression of AT1 mRNA was markedly suppressed，while AT2 mRNA up-regulated at the same time. Our results indicate that AT1A blocking can not effectively interrupt the Ang Ⅱ-induced synthesis of the protein and nucleic acid in cardiomyocytes.

Objective To explore the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral embolism from pulmonary embolism (PE).Methods The clinical data of 5 cases with PE accompanied by cerebral embolism covering a period from October of 2007 to July of 2011 were retrospectively analyzed.Results In this study,the average age of 5 cases (all female) was 46.5 years old.PE was diagnosed through enhanced CT and ECT in lung among all 5 cases.Moderate to severe pulmonary hypertension was confirmed by echocardiogram.Two cases was patent foramen ovale and one was congenital atrial septal defect.Each patient was diagnosed to be new-onset cerebral infarction by MRI.Three cases underwent cerebral arterial thrombolysis.All of them survived and long-term anticoagulant treatment with Warfarin.INR was adjusted between 2.0 and 2.5 by change of Warfarin dose.Among them,one patient had cerebral embolism again just 3 days after the latest cerebral embolism; the other 4 patients did not suffer from cerebral embolism during the follow-up.Conclusions Paradoxical cerebral embolism is common.For clinical patients with PE,especially pulmonary hypertension accompanied by systemic circulation arterial embolism or unexplained systemic cerebral arterial embolism,paradoxical cerebral embolism should be considered.

Objective To investigate the microsurgical treatment of subdural extramedullary tumors in ventral spinal.Methods Retrospectively analyzed 16 cases of subdural extramedullary tumors in ventral spinal which resected by microsurgical technique from January 2000 to December 2013.By summarized the tumor character,location,extent of resection and rehef of symptoms.Results All of 16 cases were successfully resected,in which 14 cases completely resected,2 cases mostly resected.A higher response rate of local symptoms and neurological symptoms obtained postoperatively,2 patients got worse sensory disorders,movement disorder compared with preoperative,cerebrospinal fluid leakage occured in 1 patient.Conclusion Resection of the subdural extramedullary tumors in ventral spinal with microsurgical technique has the advantage of more clearly anatomical level,minimal tissue injury of spinal cord and surrounding tissue,higher tumor removal rate.

Objective To investigate the involvement of mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)and PI3K(phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase)/ Protein kinase B(Akt) signal transduction pathways in the mechanism of myocardium remodeling in patients with congestive heart failure(CHF).Methods Thirty nine patients of mitral valve disease with CHF were randomly selected and 30 cases of healthy persons were included as controls.Cardiac function parameters were measured by echocardiography.Concentration of AngⅡ in plasma and myocardial tissues was determined by radio immunoassay.Activity of PKC was determined by using competive prote in binding method,activity of MAPK was detected by the methods of immunoprecitipation.Immunoprecitipation was used to assay the protein expression and phosphorylation of PI3K and Akt(Protein kinase B),protein expression of C-FOS and ?-skeletal-actin in myocardial tissues.Results Pathological changes of myocardial tissues in CHF with valvular heart diseaseshowed typical myocardial remodeling.The hypertrophy was dominant at early stagy of CHF,while at end stage the characteristics include disordered alignament of the myocytes,the discontinuity and dissolving of cardiomyofibrills,destroyed subcellular organs,and the hyperplasia of interstitial tissue.AngⅡ concentration in plasm and myocardial tissues in patients with CHF was higher than those in the control group(P

AIM: To investigate the contribution of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) to the regulation of calpain system in infarcted myocardium. METHODS: Rat myocardial infarction (MI) model was established by permanent ligation of the left coronary artery. The treatment with the ACEI inhibitor rampril (1 mg?kg~-1 ?d~-1 ) was started 7 days prior to surgery. On day 1, 3, 7 and 14 after MI, protein levels of calpainⅠ, Ⅱ and calpastatin were determined in left ventricular free wall (LVFW), interventricular septum (IS) and right ventricule. RESULTS: CalpainⅠprotein level was increased in IS 14 d post MI, whereas the protein level of calpainⅡ was maximally increased in LVFW 3 d post MI. Rampril decreased protein up-regulation of calpainⅠ and Ⅱ, and reduced infarct size and interstitial fibrosis. Calpastatin protein expression was not affected by ACEI. CONCLUSIONS: CalpainⅠ is involved in cardiac remodelling in the late and calpainⅡ contributes to cardiac tissue damage in the early phase of MI. The heart protective effect of ACEI may be related to the inhibition of calpain system in the pathogenesis of myocardial infarction.

Objective To analyze characteristics of pathogenic microbiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of Vib-rio vulnificus (V.vulnificus)causing infection in patients at a hospital in Shantou City. Methods Four patients with V.vulnificus infection admitted to a hospital between June 2013 and June 2014 were analyzed retrospectively, blood specimens of patients were collected for culture,blister fluid and wound secretion were taken and inoculated on blood agar plates,MacConkey agar plates,and thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose (TCBS)plates,isolated strains were identified and performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Results Among 4 patients with V. vulnificus infection,3 died,1 was cured;patients developed primary septicemia and lower extremity infection be-cause of eating pickled crab,steamed scallop,or contacting with seafood products after trauma. Blister fluid from patients A and B,wound secretion from patient C,and blood from patient D were all isolated oxidase-positive gram-negative bacteria which produced green colonies on TCBS plate,these strains were identified as V.vulnificus, which were resistant or intermediate to cefazolin,intermediate to cefotetan,and 1 strain was resistant to cefepime. Conclusion Four patients infected with V.vulnificus have high mortality rate (3/4),positive rates of blister fluid and wound secretion are higher than blood;timely medical consultation,early antimicrobial therapy,and active de-bridement will help to cure the disease.