BACKGROUND:A favorable application prospect has been showed in basic and clinical research of porous material implantation in recent years. OBJECTIVE:To retrospect the progress in basic and clinical research of porous materials in the past 10 years and to summarize the existing problems and clinical prospects. METHODS:A computer-based search of PubMed and CNKI databases was performed for relevant articles using the keywords of“porous material, bone implantation”in English and Chinese, respectively. The included articles were related to porous materials and composite materials used in vitro, in vivo or in clinic, as wel as porous materials closely related with bone defect repair or bone tissue engineering. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Hydroxyapatite, titamium and its al oys, polyethylene, calcium phosphates are porous materials that have been studied presently. Increasing experimental studies have shown that the porous materials have good histocompatibility and osteoinductive features in vitro and in vivo. But the uniform standards for porosity size in favor of tissue growth that is fastest and most effective have not been obtained. It is unclear how to gain and control the porosity of porous materials that are irregular, how to control the elasticity modulus, and how to gain 100%porosity effectively. Furthermore, whether the inflammation and exposure of porous materials in clinical application are related to the above-mentioned problems are unable to confirm.

Aspirin is a primary and secondary preventive medication for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases .Artery thrombotic events are still possible to occur after taking aspirin for a long time,and this indicates aspirin resistance(AR).At present, there is still lack of gold standard for the diagnosis of AR. It is usually interpreted as the loss of the biological effect of aspirin's antiplatelet aggregation and the role of preventing cerebral thrombosis events. Once AR occurs, other safe and effective altematives to antiplatelet agents should he used timely. This article reviews the concept, epidemiology, mechanisms, laboratory methods for detection and clinical intervention of AR.

Objective To report a method of handling dural injury with cerebrospinal fluid leakage during the spinal operation process and analyze its effect,to comparatively analyze with the existing methods and to find a better way processing this problem.Methods A total of 36 patients with dural injury and cerebrospinal fluid leakage during the spinal operation process were collected.Among these clinical cases,there were 15 males,21 females,age ranged from 26 to 78 years old,average 58 years old.During the spinal operation process,the injured dura was sutured or repaired.After that,the dural wound was glued with a piece of muscle or fascia by a kind of medical glue named KangPaiTe.After the operation,broad -spectrum antibiotics and timely fresh dressing changing for the wound were applied.The nature and volume of the drainage fluid was documented and analyzed.When the volume of the drainage fluid was below 50mL per day,the drainage tube was pulled away,and the incision of the drainage tube was sutured again.Results The cerebrospinal fluid leakage lasted from 0 day to 4 days,average 1.5 days;the drainage tube was placed from 1 day to 5 days,average 2 days;no wound infection and other complications occurred among all the clini-cal cases included in this study.Conclusion After the injured dura was sutured or repaired,gluing the dural wound with a slice of muscle or fascia by a kind of medical glue named Kangpaite is a better method of handling dural injury with cerebrospinal fluid leakage.

AIM: To explore regulation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced elevation of Ca 2+ intracellular level in alveolar macrophages(AMs) from patients with chronic bronchitis by Angelica Sinensis and nifedipine.METHODS:AMs was obtained from 7 patients with chronic bronchitis and 6 normal controls by bronchoalveolar lavage and intracellular Ca 2+ level was detected after adding Angelica Sinensis, nifedipine or LPS to the supernatant of AMs loaded by Fura-2. RESULTS: In contrast with normal control group (99.65?32.21 nmol/L), intracellular Ca 2+ level in AMs from chronic bronchitis group (189.47?23.69 nmol/L) was increased significantly in the absence of extracellular Ca 2+ but not 1 mmol/L. Intracellular Ca 2+ level in AMs from chronic bronchitis group were significantly increased by adding 10 ?g/mL LPS to the supernatant of AMs. LPS-induced elevation of intracellular Ca 2+ level in AMs from chronic bronchitis group was completely inhibited by Angelica Sinensis or nifedipine.CONCLUSION: Both Anelica Sinensis and nifedipine may inhibit activation of AMs from patients with chronic bronchitis by reducing LPS-induced elevation of intracellular Ca 2+ level in AMs, suggested that these two medicines may inhibit non-specific inflammation of airways in chronic bronchitis.

Objective:To determine the content of ferric oxide in calamine powder. Methods:Flame atomic absorption spectrom-etry ( FAAS) was used to determine the content of ferric oxide. The determination results were compared with those of the titration method. Results:There was a good linear relationship between the absorbance and the concentration of iron within the range of 0. 5-4μg·ml-1 , the relative standard deviation of the repeatability test was 1. 2%, the average recoveries were 100. 4% and 99. 4%, the limit of quantitation and detection was 0. 081 μg·ml-1 and 0. 024 μg·ml-1 , respectively. Conclusion:The method of FAAS is ac-curate and quick with good specificity and high sensitivity, which can be used for the determination of ferric oxide in calamine powder.

Objective To investigate the distribution of air microorganisms in soldies′living quarters of one under-ground tunnel during airtight survival training .Methods Anderson sampling was carried out in Area A and Area B ( living quarters) and Area C (a toilet) at designated time and place.After sampling, the culture and identification of microorgan-isms were finished .Results ①In the living quarters of the whole underground tunnel , the total number of bacteria ranged from 125 to 37 800/m3,but it was 2692, 1844 and 2199/m3, respectively in Area A, B and C.The mean number of bac-teria was 2245/m3 .The number of fungi ranged from 0 to 10 017/m3 .The total number of fungi of Area A , B and C was 1064 , 883 and 1011/m3 .The mean number was 986/m3 .②The number of bacteria in the living areas presented three fea-tures:the total bacteria showed overall three peaksin Area A and B, buttwin peaksin Area C.In Area A and B, the number of bacteria exhibited low colony at first but fluctuated heavily later .In Area C, it decreased gradually to the mini-mum,and the fungi showed a wavy and irregular trend .③The air microbial species included cocci ( Micrococcus, Coriolis of Staphylococcus aureus, S.epidermidis and S.equorum) , bacilli ( Acinetobacter baumannii, A.lwoffii and Alcaligenes faeca-lis),and fungi (Mucor and Saccharomyces).Conclusion Although the content of microorganisms was up to the military hygiene standards , it was higher than in the same kind of tunnels .Themulti peakphenomenon of microbial distribution suggests that the change of air microorganisms in tunnels has its own characteristics .Most of the air microorganisms are con-ditioned pathogens that may cause illness if they are not under control .

A method for the simultaneous determination of 34 pesticides in sunflower oil, soybean oil and corn oil was developed. The samples were extracted and purified by a modified QuEChERS method, and then the supernatant was analyzed by on-line gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ( GPC-GC-MS ) . The linear range was from 0 . 01 to 0 . 2 mg/L with a good correlation coefficients ( r≥0. 9913). The average recoveries of 31 pesticides (except p,p′-DDE, p,p′-DDD, p,p′-DDT. For detail, please reference to section 3 . 6 ) ranged from 70 . 3% to 115 . 4%, 69 . 5% to 112 . 6% and 70 . 2% to 116 . 1%spiked at 0. 05 μg/g and 0. 1 μg/g with the relative standard deviations (RSDs, n=6) less than 13. 3%, 13. 5% and 12. 1% in sunflower oil, soybean oil and corn oil samples, respectively. The LODs of this method ranged from 0. 0692 to 2. 28, 0. 0559 to 2. 01 and 0. 0584 to 2. 14μg/kg (S/N=3) in sunflower oil, soybean oil and corn oil samples respectively. The convenient operation and versatility of this method are suitable for the fast screening and detection of 34 pesticide residues in sunflower oil, soybean oil and corn oil.

Objective: To investigate the effect of diabetes on the intensity of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA2a)-SUMOylation and SERCA2a activity of myocardium in experimental rats.
Methods: The 8 weeks old SD rats were divided into 2 groups, Diabetic group, with diet-induced type 2 diabetic rats and Control group, with normal rats. The systolic and diastolic cardiac functions were evaluated by echocardiography and left ventricular pressure measurement. The intensity of SERCA2a-SUMOylation was examined by co-immunoprecipitation and SUMOylation kit.
Results: Compared with Control group, Diabetic group had decreased systolic and diastolic cardiac functions, especially for diastolic function;decreased SERCA2a protein expression and intensity of SUMOylation;decreased SUMOylation E2 (Ubc9 ) protein expression. The protein levels of SUMO1, SAE1 and SAE2 were similar between 2 groups.
Conclusion: The intensity of SERCA2a-SUMOylation and Ubc9 decreased in diabetic myocardium which implies that SERCA2a-SUMOylation and Ubc9 were closely related to the damage of diabetic myocardium in experimental rats.

Objective: To explore the application value and safety of low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiogram (LDDSE) in patients of low-flow/low-gradient aortic stenosis combining left ventricular dysfunction with transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Methods: A total of 5 eligible consecutive patients with contradiction of routine surgical valve replacement and going to receive TAVR in our hospital from 2013-10 to 2016-07 were enrolled. The mean aortic valvegradient, maximum flow velocity, each stroke volume and ejection fraction were recorded before and during LDDSE examination. The patients having confirmed diagnosis of true severe aortic stenosis with left ventricular contractile reserve received TAVR, for those without left ventricular contractile reserve received drug therapy or TAVR conditionally. The changes of cardiac function and NT-proBNP level were observed after TAVR. Results: All 5 patients showed positive finding in LDDSE; the mean aortic valve gradient ≥40mmHg and stroke volume≥20% implied that the patients had true severe aortic stenosis with left ventricular contractile reserve. No adverse reaction occurred during and after LDDSE. TAVR was performed in 4 patients and 1 was waiting for TAVR or balloon dilatation since temporary lacking of valve. The post-operative cardiac function was improved in all patients and NT-proBNP level was declined continuously. Conclusion: LDDSE examination could be considered in patients of aortic stenosis combining left ventricular dysfunction, low-flow and low-gradient to clarify ventricular contractile reserve and the severity of aortic stenosis. If the patients with ventricular contractile reserve, TAVR was recommended which was the effective treatment for relevant patients.

The transcription activity of ectogenic human carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) promoter in lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 was investigated for the further gene-targeting therapy. The reporter gene green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by CEA promoter and human cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter were relatively constructed and named plasmid pCEA-EGFP and pCMV-GFP respectively. The intensity of fluorescence was detected by fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry analysis after the pCEA-GFP and pSNAV-GFP plasmids were transfected into A549 cells through liposome respectively. The results showed (4.08+/-0.63) % of the A549 cells transfected with pCEA-AFP plasmid expressed, significantly lower than that of the A549 cells transfected with pCMV-GFP [(43.27+/-3.54) %]. It was suggested that ectogenic human CEA promoter in lung adenocarcinoma cells A549 was weakly expressed. The distinct specificity of CEA promoter in CEA high expression cells was regarded as a tool in selective gene therapy, but the transcription activity of ectogenic human CEA promoter was needed to increase in the future.