Aspirin is a primary and secondary preventive medication for ischemic cerebrovascular diseases .Artery thrombotic events are still possible to occur after taking aspirin for a long time,and this indicates aspirin resistance(AR).At present, there is still lack of gold standard for the diagnosis of AR. It is usually interpreted as the loss of the biological effect of aspirin's antiplatelet aggregation and the role of preventing cerebral thrombosis events. Once AR occurs, other safe and effective altematives to antiplatelet agents should he used timely. This article reviews the concept, epidemiology, mechanisms, laboratory methods for detection and clinical intervention of AR.

In order to improve the knowledge of clinicians in hypoxia of COPD during the night,the physiological changes of arterial oxygen and carbon dioxide during sleep in healthy population were investigated at first,and the features and state of oxygen deficiency during sleep in patients with COPD were analyzed.Furthermore,the possible mechanism,effect,predictor,diagnosis and therapy were explored.

Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of autologous epidermal grafting combined with narrow?band ultraviolet B(NB?UVB)radiation for the treatment of vitiligo, and to explore their possible action mechanisms. Methods Totally, 30 patients with vitiligo were randomly and equally divided into 2 groups:epidermal grafting group treated with autologous epidermal grafting alone, and combination group treated with both autologous epidermal grafting and NB?UVB radiation. Fifteen healthy volunteers served as the healthy control group. Enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was performed to detect the levels of interleukin?18(IL?18), tumor necrosis factor?α(TNF?α)and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule?1 (sICAM?1) in interstitial fluid from the patients before and after the treatment, as well as from the healthy controls. Therapeutic effects were evaluated after 3?month treatment. Results Before the treatment, the epidermal grafting group and combination group both showed significantly increased levels of IL?18(0.985 ± 0.305μg/L, 1.008 ± 0.399μg/L, respectively), TNF?α(1.132 ± 0.313μg/L, 1.147 ± 0.474μg/L, respectively)and sICAM?1(1.215 ± 0.284μg/L, 1.221 ± 0.432μg/L, respectively)in interstitial fluid compared with the healthy control group(all P<0.01). The levels of the three cytokines in the combination group almost all returned to normal after the 3?month treatment. In addition, the combination group showed a significantly higher response rate compared with the epidermal grafting group(68.9%vs. 43.8%, P<0.05). Conclusion Immune abnormalities exist in local lesions of patients with vitiligo, and NB?UVB radiation can increase the success rate of epidermal grafting likely by regulating the body′s immune function.

Objective:To observe the preoperative changes of human platelet glycoprotein CD 41 and CD 62P in gastric cancer,aiming to laying the foundation for studying the relation between the changes of formation and constitution of CD 41 and CD 62P and cancerous growth and transition,meanwhile,maintaining the basis for the prevention of thrombotic disease after operation.Methods:Immune electron microscopy was applied to study the changes of CD 41 and CD 62P in 9 cases of gastric cancer and in 5 cases of normal group.Results:Compared with normal group,the contents of CD 41 and CD 62P in gastric cancer were increased,and got more during operation,especially got most in 30 minutes after operation.The changes of CD 41 and CD 62P were observed not only in quantity but also in formation and constitution.Conclusion:Platelets are activated in patients with gastric cancer before operation.Operation can further activate human platelets.

Many long non -coding RNA ( lncRNA ) has been found in recent years .The abnormal ln-cRNA expression is closely related to the occurrence and development of tumor .LncRNA can be divided into the tumor promoting and tumor inhibiting according to the function .lncRNA generally overexpresses in solid tumor tis-sue,acts as an important factor involved in tumor invasion ,proliferation and metastasis ,and has been associated with prognosis of neoplasm .This paper describes the current situation of lncRNA research .We mainly introduce several functions of lncRNA which thoroughly researched at present (such as HOTAIR,H19,MALAT-1,Lin-cRNA-p21,GAS5,etc) and their expression in colorectal tumor tissue ,indicating that regulating the expression level of lncRNA may provide a new basis for the diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer .

Objective To study the effect of interleukin 13(IL-13)on mucin gene Muc5ac and EGFR expression in mouse lungs. Methods Twenty-four male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into control group and different dose of IL-13 (50ng, 100ng and 250ng) groups, six mice per group. Muc5ac mRNA, and Muc5ac and EGFR protein expressions were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistochemical method, respectively. Results Both Muc5ac and EGFR positive products were located in the cytoplasm of airway epithelial cells. Compared with control group, IL-13 could increase Muc5ac mRNA, and Muc5ac and EGFR protein expressions in dose-dependent manner(all P

Ca~(2+)-activated chloride channels (CaCC, CLCA) are a new family of chloride channels discovered recently, which are related to Ca~(2+)-sensitive chloride ions transport, and there were several members identified currently in different biologic bodies. New studies have shown that its member gob-5 in murine (its human counterpart is CaCC1) plays a pivotal role in airway goblet cell metaplasia, mucus overproduction, MUC5AC gene expression as well as airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthma, and is a key molecule in the induction of murine asthma and an asthma-related gene. Inhibition of their function and/or their signaling pathway may therefore provide a new therapeutic strategy for asthma.

Objective: To establish a GC method for determination of menthol, camphor and methylsalicylate in Cremor Mentholi Compositus. Methods: The determination was carried out on a PEG\|20M stainless steel column with temperature at 140℃, FID detector with temperature at 260℃. Results: The separating degree and the linearity were fine with the average recovery of menthol 100.17%, RSD =0.661%; camphor 99.89%, RSD =0.600%; methylsalicylate 100.17%, RSD =0.553%, respectively. Conclusions: The method is convenient, rapid and accurate. It can be used to control the quality of this preparation.

A method based on HPLC-ICP-MS was established to separate the reaction products of ( ethylenediamine) palladium(Ⅱ) chloride([Pd ( en ) Cl2])and 5’-deoxyguanylic acid ( 5’-dGMP). Two reaction products were detected at pH 8. 0 with 25 mmol/L phosphate buffer solution as chromatography eluent. One was the main product with HPLC retention time of 2. 8 min, the other product’s retention time was 3.2 min. According to ESI-MS(MS/MS) study, m/z=510, 511, 512, 514, 516[M+1]+ parent ions ( abundances same to palladium isotopes) were detected. Further analysis showed that the main product was[Pd( en) ( N1-5’-dGMP) ]. However the other product was hardly to be detected by ESI-MS. By using HPLC-DAD and HPLC-ICP-MS, we found that the two reaction products had the same UV absorption spectra and palladium percentage content. Combined with other groups’research, the other reaction product was deduced as dimmer, trimer or tetramer form of[Pd( en) ( N1-5’-dGMP) ]. Further study revealed that[Pd( en) ( N1-5’-dGMP) ] was easily formed in acid solution while its polymer form was generated in alkaline solution. At pH 6. 0, [Pd(en)(N1-5’-dGMP)] was formed within 12 hours with good stability. Research also revealed that the total amount of two reaction products declined as reaction pH climbed.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of A2058G or A2059G mutation within 23S rRNA in Treponema pallidum (Tp) from primary syphilis patients chancre samples. Methods Simple PCR was used to screen the positive samples containing Tp DNA. Nested PCR was adopted to amplify the region of the Tp 23S rRNA and the purified amplicons were digested by restriction endonuclease MboⅡand Bsa I respectively and sequenced. Results 39 qualified samples were obtained from 43 chancre samples and all of them were found harboring the A2058G mutation, whereas the A2059G was not detected. Conclusion High frequency of the A2058G mutation within 23S rRNA implicated in macrolide resistance emerges in the circulating Tp in Hengyang. Therefore, macro-lide antibiotics such as azithromycin should be cautiously used as an optional therapy for syphilis.