Cancer stem cells (CSC) are capable of self-renewal and can proliferate into a heterogeneous bulk with cancer progeny population, which is the main reason for recurrence and metastasis of cancer. Metastatic cancer stem cells (MCSC) have the properties of CSC and the ability of metastasis. Metastasis happens at both the late and early stages of tumorigenesis. MCSC are different from CSC in origin, epithelial-mesenehyrnal transition (EMT), mesenehymal-epithelial transition (MET), and microenvironment of target organs (niche), etc. Therefore, MCSC is the foundation of cancer metastasis. Anti-metastasis strategies include killing CSC, blocking EMT and MET of CSC, inhibiting MCSC adhesion to microvessels, and destroying MCSC dependent-niche. This review introduces the possible sources, biological features of MCSC, the possible breakthrough in MCSC research, and MCSC-targeted anti-metastasis strategy, hoping to provide reference for researches about tumor metastasis mechanisms and anti-metastasis strategies.

Objective To explore the antigen presentation of CT26.WT via intra-peritoneal injection. Methods The intra-peritoneal injection model was made via injecting cell suspensions in mice. The spleen was isolated from BALB/c mice toco-culture with CT26.WT to detect tumor-killed ability. Phenotype identification methods and CCK8 massy were used to measure the ability of antigen presentation and stimulate T lymphocyte proliferation. IHC was used to detect the expression of B7H4 in normal and tumor tissues. Results Along with the extension of intra-peritoneal injection, the surviving number of cells was increased, contrary to the apoptosis. DC cells failed in maturation and impaired in stimulating T lymphocyte proliferation. B7H4 was higher in tumor tissues. Conclusions With the extension of intra-peritoneal injection, the mature DC cells were scared in number, resulting in the impairement of antigen-presentation. Moreover, the higher B7H4 expression in tumor tissues led to the lack of second signals which may stimulate T cells. Consequently, the ability of T cells in killing tumor cells was decreased so that they escape immunosurveillance.

AIM: To investigate the role of GATA-3 in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation in a Wistar rat asthma model.METHODS: The Wistar rat asthma model was made with conventional method and animals were divided into five groups(10 rats in each group): asthma group(A group),dexamethasone group(D group),antisense oligonucleotide group(AS group),nonsense oligonucleotide group(NS group) and normal control group(N group).Antisense,nonsense oligonucleotide were administered intranasally,and the dexamethasone was injected intraperitoneally.The airway inflammation was observed with HE staining method.The GATA-3 positive cells were stained immunohistochemically.The GATA-3 mRNA expression in pulmonary tissue was investigated with RT-PCR.The GATA-3 protein in pulmonary tissue was detected by Western blotting.RESULTS: In contrast to N group,the expression of GATA-3 mRNA, protein and the amount of inflammatory cells in pulmonary tissue in group A were increased significantly(P

Objective To investigate the abnormality of CD4 and CD8 subsets of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of systemic lupus erythematosus patients. Methods The CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes from 20 SLE patients and 10 healthy controls were separated using magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). Results The numbers of CD4 + T cells in the peripheral blood and CD4 +/CD8 + ratio of SLE patients were significantly lower than those in healthy volunteers(CD4,P=0.001;CD4/CD8 ratio,P=0.046). Conclusion There exist abnormalities in the CD4 and CD8 subsets of T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of SLE,especially the decreased numbers of CD4 + T cells.

Objective To construct a library of long serial analysis of gene expression (LongSAGE) and investigate the characteristics of gene expression in the yeast phase of C. albicans. Methods A LongSAGE library was constructed with long serial analysis of gene expression (LongSAGE). Results A total of 17 773 tags, representing specific 7 333 transcripts, were extracted from 1 000 sequence files in the yeast phase of C. albicans. Tags matching single gene accounted for 16.65%, tags matching multiple genes accounted for 6.59%, tags for hypothetical protein accounted for 16.27%, tags for genome and cosmid accounted for 1.64%, and novel tags accounted for 58.86%. Eleven tags in 33 tags whose expression frequencies exceeded 35 may be new expression sequences. Conclusion LongSAGE is not only a powerful method in investigating the gene expression profiling, allowing the analysis of the expression of thousands of transcripts in a quantitative manner without prior sequence information, but also in finding new genes.

Objective To explore the expression of SLAM gene in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from SLE patients.Method The CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood of 20 SLE patients and 10 healthy blood donors were separated using magnetic cell sorting system(MACS).We detected the expression of SLAM mRNA in CD4+ and CD8+ T cells by RT-PCR.Results The CD4+ and CD8+ T cells from SLE patients showed significantly higher SLAM expression than those from healthy blood donors.Conclusion The SLAM signal pathway may play an important role in contributing to the abnormal activation of T cells in SLE patients.

Objective To explore the expression of caspase-3 and tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) receptors in the CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)patients. Methods The CD4+ and CD8+T cells from peripheral blood of 20 SLE patients and 10 healthy volunteers were separated using magnetic cell sorting system (MACS), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to test the expression of caspase-3 and TRAIL receptors in CD4+ and CD8+T cells of SLE patients and healthy volunteers. Results The CD8+T cells from SLE patients had significantly higher caspase-3 (P=0.003) and TRAIL-R2 (P=0.024) expression than those from healthy volunteers. Conclusion The TRAIL-R2 signal pathway may be a possible important pathway to the apoptosis of T cells in SLE patients.

Aim To investigate the contribution of cardiac L-and L/T-type Ca 2+ channels blockers on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) protein expression and fibronectin (FN) degradation following myocardial infarction(MI). Methods Rat MI model was established by permanent ligation of left coronary artery. Infarcted rats were orally treated with placebo, amlodipine (L-channel blocker, 4 mg?kg -1?d -1) or mibefradil (L/T-Channel blocker, 10 mg?kg -1?d -1) for 7 days before induction of myocardial infarction. Protein levels of MMP-2,3,9 and FN distribution were assayed by immunoflorescence at 1, 3, 7 days post coronary occlusion in left ventricular free wall (LVFW) and myocardium interventricular septum (IS). Results Pathological changes of myocardial tissues in IS and LVFW showed typical myocardial remodeling. The hypertrophy was dominant in IS, but in LVFW the characteristics including disordered alignament, hypertrophy of the myocytes, the discontinuity, dissolving of carediomyofibrills, and the hyperplasia of interstitial tissue were found 7 days after MI. The protein levels of MMP-2,3,9 increased in IS 1,3,7 days post MI gradually, whereas the protein levels of FN decreased gradually, the protein levels of MMP-2,3,9 increased significantly in LVFW 7 days post MI, and the protein levels of FN decreased significantly compared to control group, respectively(P

Objective To investigate the clinical value in changes of serum glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD-Ab) ,islet cell antibodies(ICA) ,insulin autoantibodies (IAA) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and renal function in elderly type 2 diabetic patients .Methods 122 cases of endocrine inpatient in our hospital had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes were chosen from January 2012 to December 2012 .They were divided into islet autoimmunity antibody positive group (n=21) and islet autoimmunity antibody negative group (n=101) according to the antibody test results ,Fasting C-peptide(FCP) ,2-hour postprandial C-peptide(2 h CP) ,glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) ,high-sensitivity-CRP(hs-CRP) and renal function[urea (UREA) ,creatinine (Cr) ,microalbuminuria(urinary mALB) ,urinary β2-microglobulin (urinary β2-MG)]were detected .Test results were statistically analyzed and compared .Results At least one Islet autoimmune antibodies were found in 21 cases of 122 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes .The positive rate was 17 .21% .GAD-Ab was detected positive in 14 cases(11 .47% ) ,ICA was detected positive in 10 ca-ses(8 .19% ) ,IAA was detected positive in 1 case(0 .82% ) ,Two antibodies were detected positive together in 4 patients(3 .27% ) , Three antibodies were not detected positive together .The levels of hs-CRP ,UREA and Cr in Islet autoantibodies positive group were higher then in islet autoimmunity antibody negative group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .The levels of FCP ,2 h CP ,HbA1c ,urinary mALB and urinary β2-MG in both group ,the difference was not statistically significant (P>0 .05) . Conclusion Chronic inflammation and the appearance of islet autoantibodies are closely related to the damage of islet cell function . It has a higher value in monitoring complications and efficacy through understanding islet autoantibodies ,inflammation and changes in renal function in elderly type 2 diabetes .

Objective To investigate the effect of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with intensified conditioning regimen followed by rapidly tapering immunosuppressants and sequential minimal residual disease (MRD)-guided donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) post-transplantation on outcome of blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN).Methods Two cases of BPDCN from January 2009 to May 2011 in Nanfang hospital were diagnosed according to 2008 WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues.Case 1 initially presented with typical cutaneous involvement and was promptly diagnosed with CD+4CD+56LCA+TdT+CD+43 BPDCN by skin biopsy.Case 2 was recognized as acute lymphocyte leukemia and acute non-lymphocytic leukemia,which was diagnosed to BPDCN at recurrence through flow cytometry analysis.Total-body-irradiation plus cyclophosphamide based intensified conditioning regimen were followed by allo-HSCT from sibling donor.Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) prophylaxis consisted of cyclosporine and methotrexate.Anti-thymocyteglobulin was included additionally for haploid donor allo-HSCT.Multi-color labeling flow cytometry was performed to monitor MRD.Rapidly tapering of prophylactic immunosuppressants and sequential MRD-guided donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) were performed to control relapse of primary malignancy.Results Two cases of BPDCN received allo-HSCT from sibling donor after intensified conditioning regimen.Both patients achieved complete remission and complete donor engraftment.Case 1 survived refractory acyclovir-resistant Epstein-Barr virus viremia benefiting from preemptive treatment with rituximab and DLI-induced grade Ⅳ acute GVHD,but died of thrombotic microangiopathy mixed with diffuse alveolar hemorrhage and sepsis on +243 days.Case 2 relapsed just 2 months after allo-HSCT despite DLI and rapidly tapering of CsA,died of sepsis followed by diffuse intravascular coagulation on +101 days.Conclusion BPDCN is characterized with typical cutaneous and/or bone marrow involvement with CD4+CD+56CD+123CD+43 blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell and highly aggressive clinical course.Allo-HSCT seems to be a promising treatment for early phase of aggressive BPDCN aided with MRD monitoring and DLI,but it deserves more intensive researches to promote outcome of advanced staged BPDCN.