Retinal degenerative disease is the leading cause of visual loss,the mechanism is not clear and has no effective treatment method.In recent years,the field of stem cell research has made great progress.Stem cells have the potential of differentiating into all the body cells.Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) can be used to differentiate a variety of retinal cells,which has brought a new promise for the treatment of retinal degeneration disease.However,the most important step of this treatment is how to differentiate ESCs into photoreceptor cells and retinal pigment epithelium (RPF) cells.In this paper,we introduced the recent progress in the differentiation methods of ESCs into retinal cells,which contains spontaneous differentiation method,co-culture method,growth factors and small molecules induced method,adherent monoculture method,three dimensional differentiation method.

Objective To detect the Telomerase inhibitor-antisense phosphorothiate oligonucleotide (asONS) effect on telomerase activity of human bladder tumor cell line BIU-87.Methods BIU-87 cells and cell extracts are cultured with asONS,non-asONS and control fluid at different concentrations and times respectively.Telomerase activity was assayed by TRAP PCR-ELASA.Results AsONS can inhibit the activity of BIU-87 cells ,whereas non-asONS and control group not, and have significant difference(P

Objective To study the effect of escin on proteinuria and renal function of BXSB mice. Methods BXSB mice were divided randomly into group A (control group), B (steroid treatment group), C(steroid combined with high-dose esein treatment group) and D (streroid combined with low-doze escin group). The proteinufia and renal function were detected by albustix and automatic biochemistry analyzer after a month's treatment. Results Group C reduced the level of proteinuria and parameters of renal function (BUN and Cr) significantly when compared with other three groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Escin can reduce the level of proteinuria and protect renal function of BXSB mice.

Objective To investigate the effects of intravesical therapy with elemene in preventing postoperative recurrence of superficial bladder cancer and its toxic and side effects. Methods This series included 123 patients with superficial bladder cancer (T 1),consisting of transitional cell carcinoma GⅠ in 37 cases,GⅡ in 73 and GⅢ in 13.They all underwent surgical treatment. Postoperatively, they were randomly assigned to 2 groups:63 patients in elemene group received instillation of elemene (400 mg,once a week) 2 weeks after operation and 60 patients in mitomycin C (MMC) group received instillation of MMC(40 mg,once a week) 2 weeks after operation. The instillations were repeated for 6 weeks and thereafter monthly for 1 year.The recurrence rates,side effects,and NK cell activity before and after treatment were evaluated. Results The recurrence rate of elemene group (mean follow-up of 19.7 months) was 7.9% (5 cases),which was significantly lower than that (25.0%,15 cases) of MMC group (mean follow-up of 19.4 months;P

AIM: A quantitative method was developed for the determination of deoxyschizandrin and schisandrin B in Liganlong Tablet(Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis,Radix Astragali,Radix Angelicae Sinensis,Radix et Rhizoma seucaulis Acanthopanacis Senticosi,etc.) by HPLC. METHODS: The chromatographic conditions included column Symmetry shield~(TM) RP_(18) 5 ?m,3.9 mm?150 mm,mobile phase: methanol-tetrahydrofuran-water(64∶4∶32),flow rate at 1 mL/min,wavelength at 220 nm. RESULTS: The number of theoretical plates is 3555.5.The Deoxyschizandrin liner is 0.068～0.340 ?g (r=0.999 9) and the Schisandrin liner range is 0.06～0.30 ?g (r=0.999 8).The resolutions are 5.09,1.12,respectively. CONCLUSION: The method is sensitive,quick and accurate for the determination of deoxyschizandrin and schisandrin B in Liganlong Tablet.

Objective To establish an UPLC method for the determination of sinomenine in Sinomenine External Applied Powder. Methods The UPLC method was carried out on a C18 column by using acetonitrile-water-ethylene diamine (50:50:0.25) as mobile phase. The flow rate was 0.2 mL/min; the sample quantity was 2 μL; the detection wavelength was 283 nm. Results The peak time was within 1 min or so. The calibration curve of sinomenine was in the linear range of 34.2–2188.0 ng. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid, stable and reliable, which can be used for the determination of sinomenine in Sinomenine External Applied Powder.

Objective To investigate the possible effects of COL8A1 on the proliferation, invasion and drug sensitivity of murine hepatocarcinoma cell line Hca-F, we used an RNA interference (RNAi) approach to silence COL8A1 expression. Methods The expression levels of COL8A1 in HcaF/siRNA cells were assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot. The inhibitory effect of RNAi on Hca-F cell invasion in vitro was demonstrated by ECM invasion assay. The in vitro proliferative ability and drug sensitivity of COL8A1-deficient cells were determined by MTT assay. Results The expression of COL8A1 was significantly reduced in COL8A1/siRNA cells after 30h transfection, compared with both the RNAi control and the Hca-F cells. The reduced COL8A1 expression also attenuated the proliferative, invasive ability, as well as increased drug sensitivity of Hca-F/siRNA cells. Conclusion Our current results indicate that the expression of COL8A1 functionally mediates tumor cell proliferation, invasion, and drug sensitivity, and is a potential target for therapeutic anti-cancer drugs.

Objective To determine the main CT features and the key points of differential diagnosis of multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma (MCRCC) classified according to 2004 WHO pathological diagnostic criteria. Methods According to the criteria, 40 patients were divided into two groups: MCRCC group and other subtypes of cystic renal cell carcinoma (CRCC). The CT findings were evaluated and compared between two groups for cystic content, wall, septum, nodularity, calcification and enhancement. ROC curve was used to determine the cut-off value of the possible CT feature which could distinguish MCRCC from other subtypes of CRCC. Results Seventeen cases of MCRCC group and 23 cases of CRCC group were included in this study according to the diagnostic criteria. MCRCC appeared as a well defined multilocular cystic mass with thin wall and sepia and no expansile solid nodules. Thickness of cystic wall and/or septum is was main CT findings to distinguish MCRCC from other subtypes of CRCC (P ＜ 0.01 ). The cut-off value of the thickness was 6 mm and its sensibility, specificity was 89% ,75% respectively. Conclusion Cystic wall and/or septum with a thickness of less than 6 mm are the main CT findings to dis tinguish MCRCC from other subtypes of CRCC.

Aim Toexamineliverdamagebyrifampi-cin and hepatic gene expression related to bile acid me-tabolisminmice.Methods Adultmalemicewere given rifampicin(180 mg·kg-1 ,po)daily for 30 days and(90 mg·kg-1 ,po)daily for 90 days,blood bio-chemistry,histopathology,and gene expression were examined.Results Rifampicinincreasedanimalliver index and serum enzyme activities. Histopathology showed steatosis and spotted feathery-like degenera-tion.Rifampicin increased the expression of CYP7A1 after 30 and 90 days of administration,along with in-creased FXR and SHP.Rifampicin reduced the expres-sion of BSEP after 30 days of high dose administration. Conclusion Repeatedadministrationofrifampicin may cause liver injury and intrahepatic cholestasis in mice,and these effects are associated with the altera-tion of gene expression related to bile acid metabolism.

AIM:To investigate the effects and mechanisms of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor-2 (S1P2R) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury (ALI).METHODS:ALI model was induced by intratracheal ad-ministration of LPS in both wild-type mice and S1P2R-deficient mice.The pathological changes in the lung tissues were ob-served, and the protein concentration , total cell number, neutrophil ratio, TNF-αlevel and IL-6 level were determined in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) 24 h after LPS injection.In order to investigate the mechanisms of S1P2R in LPS-induced ALI, 10 min before LPS injection, both wild-type mice and S1P2R-deficient mice were injected with nitric oxide synthase inhibitor by tail vein injection , the pathological changes of the lung tissues were observed , and the protein concen-tration and total cell number in BALF were determined 12 h after LPS injection .RESULTS: Compared with wild-type mice, S1P2R-deficient mice showed more severe LPS-induced ALI, and the protein concentration , neutrophils and inflam-matory cytokines in BALF were significantly increased in S1P2R-deficient mice.Administration of nitric oxide synthase in-hibitor Nω-L-nitro-arginine methyl ester protected S1P2R-deficient mice from aggravation of ALI .CONCLUSION:S1P2R mediates the protection from LPS-induced ALI possibly through inhibiting nitric oxide synthase .