Objective To summarise the methods for a long segmental avulsed inj ury of ureter.Methods Ureteroscopies were performed on three male patients with upper ureteral calculi and one female patient with haematuria from upper urinary tract.Ureteral calculi caused small and middle hy-dronephrosis,obstruction wasn't seen on the upper urinary tract with haematuria.The kidney on the affected side showed normal founction on IVP.Four patients were suffered from a long segmental avulsed inj uries of full-thickness of ureter from ureteroscopy in a continuous epidural anesthesia.The injuries took place in UPJ and upper ureter.The length of avutsed ureters is 20-25 cm,mean length is 24 cm. Results The ureteroscopies were altered to open operations which were ileal ureteral substi-tutions on two patients,being anastomosed the avulsed ureter wrapped by caul on one patient and nc-phrectomy on one patient under general anesthesia in an emergercy.Two ileal ureteral substitutions had reached satisfied results that were no damaged renal functions,no metabolic acidosis,no repeatly U-rinary tract infections and no complains about micturition.One patient has maintained normal renal morphology and function after thirteen years followup,the other formed stricture in the anastomosis of the proximal piece of-ileum to the renal pelvis tWO years after operation,and then improved after ante-grade dilation.The patient with being replaced back and anastomosed the avulsed ureter had compli-cated with a renal atrophy on the affected side three months after the double-J was extracted.The kid-ney showed no function on isotop nephrogram and then was ablated.The last one with nephrectomy and the one before were followed up regularly,the renal functions and blood pressures remain normal.Conclusion Ileal ureteral substitution would be a good choice and has a stable curative effect and provide a good prognosis for treating long segmental avulsed injury of ureter suffered from ureterosco PY when no available urinary tract was utilized for reconstruction.

Objective To investigate the toxicity attenuation and efficacy potentiation effects of Shiquan Dabu Tang (SDT) on high dose chemotherapy in T739 mice with bladder carcinoma. Methods Mouse bladder carcinoma tissue was inoculated subcutaneously into T739 mice to establish tumor-beating mice model. The tumor-bearing mice were randomly divided into a CTX group (100, 200, 400 mg/Kg respectively), a SDT group (high or low dose respectively), a high-dose SDT combined with 200 mg/Kg CTX group and a control group. The body weight, diameter of tumor nodules and complete blood count were observed subsequently. Results Different doses of SDT could effectively inhibit tumor growth in mice. SDT + CTX treatment significantly prolonged the survival time of mice by 49.4±23.3 days (P<0.01, 0.05, 0.01), compared with high dose SDT treatment (17.4±5.77) days, 200 mg/kg CTX treatment (23±14.02) days and control group (11.75±2.06) days respectively. The peripheral platelet count increased more significantly in mice treated with SDT within a week as compared to mice without SDT treatment (P<0.05). The peripheral RBC count and liB concentration increased more significantly in mice treated with SDT for 2 weeks as compared to mice without SDT treatment (P<0.05). Conclusions SDT could enhance the anti-tumor effects of high dose CTX on tumor-bearing mice and reduce toxicity in its peripheral red blood cells. The results showed that SDT combined with high dose of CTX chemotherapy had toxicity attenuation and efficacy potentiation effects in tumor-beating T739 mice.

We report in detail ultrastructural changes and freezing damage mechanism about heart muscle and some organelles after rapid freezing. The ventricles of rat heart were cut pieces about 100-150/?m by microsiicer. The pieces were quickly injected liquid cryogen Freon 22 by Reichert-Jung spring-assistant mechanism (KF-80). The specimens frozen were rapidly transferred into substitution medium aceton and kept at -80℃(28h), then -60℃ (48h),-20℃(12h)and 4℃ (1 h). The structures of specimens frozen were well and there were no ice crystals in the area of the tissue frozen surface to 20?m depth. However, there were freezing damages in mitochondrial crista, intercellular substance and muscular fibre in the tissue surface to 30?m depth. The structure of tissue was destroyed by ice crystal over 50?m depth in the tissue. The results suggest that intercellular substance and mitochondrial crista are the most sensitive to ice crystal damage after rapid freezing of heart tissue, then the less sensitive are muscular fibre and nucleus. The unit membrane is not easy to be damaged by ice crystal.

Objective To ascertain the utility and difference of sonography with echo-tracking (ET) technique and pulse-Doppler to assess vascular stiffness in rats with hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.Methods Sonography associated with ET technique and pulse-Doppler were used to measure stiffness parameter (β),arterial compliance (AC),distensibility coefficient (DC),one-point pulse wave velocity (PWVβ),resistence index(RI),peak systolic velocity(PSV),end-diastolic velocity(EDV) and EDV/PSV of the aorta in cholesterol-fed SD rats (group T1,n =10,for 4 weeks;group T2,n =10,for 12 weeks) and normal control rats(group C1,n =10;group C2,n =10).All parameters and blood biochemical markers[total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-CH) and highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-CH)] among groups were analyzed with ANOVE factor analysis.Correlation was analyzed with Pearson analysis.Light microscopic evaluation were used to demonstrate atherosclerotic changes in the aorta.Results The PWVβ value and PSV of the aorta between group T1 and T2 were significantly different (P =0.001,P ＜0.05).The β,PWVβ values of the aorta in group T1 and T2 were significantly higher than those of group C1 and C2 (P ＜0.05).AC and DC values of the aorta in group T1 and T2 were significantly lower than those of group C1 and C2 (P ＜0.05).Correlation analysis showsed that RI was positively correlated with systolic pressure(P ＜0.05).All parameters had correlated with each other among β,PWVβ,AC,DC,TG,TC,systolic pressure and diastolic pressure.DC and AC were negatively correlated with β and PWVβ,also DC was negatively correlated with TG.Light microscopy confirmed morphologic typical changes of aortic atherosclerosis in group T1 and T2.Conclusions Sonography with the ET method compared with pulse-Doppler is much more sensitive and it can be used to evaluate tissue elastic changes in arterial walls associated with atherosclerosis and hypercholesterolemia.PSV can reflect atherosclerosis of rat's abdominal aorta well,but pulse-Doppler is limited in the diagnosis of earlier atherosclerosis period.

ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding after craniocerebral trauma.MethodsTo retrospectively summarize the clinical features of 80 cases with craniocerebral truma and to analyze the risk factors for upper gastrointestinal bleeding.Results Upper gastrointestinal bleeding was present in 39 of the 80 cases(48.8％) .Twenty-one of the 39 cases with gastrointestinal bleeding died(53.8％)In the patients without gastrointestinal bleeding, 5 cases died (19.2％) .Among the factors affecting the gastrointestinal bleeding after craniocerebral trauma, Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) score, septicemia, decerebration,hypotention, metabolic acidosis and hyperglucose were closely related risk factors(x2 = 13.96;x2 = 27.43;x2 =46.28 ;x2 = 27.33 ;x2 = 11.88 ;x2 =5.71 ,P ＜0.05 or P ＜0.01).ConclusionProphylaxis against related risk factors could reduce the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding, improve the prognosis and decrease the mortality of craniocerebral trauma.

Differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) is prone to relapse and metastasize. In addition to thyroglobulin (Tg) and its antibodies, ultrasound and 131I whole-body scan (WBS), 18F-FDG PET/CT gains more use in the setting of recurrent or metastatic DTC and shows promise. This article mainly reviews the value of 18F-FDG PET/CT in the location of recurrent or metastasized DTC with negative 131I WBS but positive Tg ( 131I WBS-/Tg+ ), evaluating their differentiation, predicting the prognosis, guiding 131I treatment and its value in restaging DTC with moderate and high risk of relapse and guiding treatment decision.