PURPOSE: The research of HPV has been severely hampered by the inability to propagate HPVs in culture, particularly those of the mucosotrophic types which produce few virions in vivo. In order to study the regulation of HPV-18 expression in vivo, we constructed transgenic mice and caused cervical neoplasia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated whether tetradecanoyl phorbol acetate (TPA) increase the transcriptional activity of the URR in the C33A cervical carcinoma cells or not. And we asked whether chronic exposure of female HPV-18 URR E6/E7 transgenic mice to TPA could render the reproductive tract squamous epithelium permissive for HPV neoplasia. RESULTS: It was confirmed by RT-PCR that transgene was specifically expressed in epithelial tissues. TPAupregulated the transcriptional activity of the URR in the C33A cervical carcinoma cells. There were diffuse changes on the squamous epithelium in the cervix of the transgenic mice at fifth month following TPA treatment. CONCLUSION: We established the transgenic mice model which have the ability to reproduce the development of cervical dysplasias. Moreover this animal model will allow preclinical testing of compounds designed to interfere with the actions of the HPV oncogenes or other critical aspects of the cancer phenotype.
Animals ; Cervix Uteri ; Epithelium ; Female ; Human papillomavirus 18 ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic* ; Models, Animal ; Oncogenes ; Phenotype ; Transgenes ; Virion

The objective of this study is to evaluate short-term results of total laparoscopic hysterectomy with those of total abdominal hysterectomy and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy in a retrospective study. We compared patient's age, mean uterine weight, total operating time, length of hospital stay and perioperative hemoglobin concentration change between total laparoscopic hysterectomy (300 patients) and total abdominal hysterectomy (100 patients) and laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (52 patients). There were no differences in terms of patient's age, parity between the three groups. There were 7 minor complications in the laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy group compared with 9 minor complications in the abdominal hysterectomy group and 14 minor complications in the total laparoscopic hysterectomy group (P not significant). The length of hospital stay was significantly shorter for total laparoscopic hysterectomy than laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy and total abdominal hysterectomy (p<.001). This study demonstrates that laparoscopic-assisted vaginal hysterectomy and total laparoscopic hysterectomy appears to be as safe as laparotomy and may replace abdominal hysterectomy in most patients and generally has the advantage of shorter hospital stay and earlier return to normal activities.
Female ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Hysterectomy, Vaginal* ; Laparotomy ; Length of Stay ; Parity ; Retrospective Studies

This article has been retracted following a review by the Editorial Board.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the clinical characteristics of total laparoscopic hysterectomy. METHODS: Clinical data about 600 cases who received TLH were collected and the hospital stay, operation time and complication were evaluated. RESULTS: The most common indications for TLH were uterine myomas, adenomyosis, severe endometriosis and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. Mean operating time was 90 minutes (range 35-200 min) and hospital stay was 3 days (range 2 days-10 days). The most important factors for the surgery time were uterine size, assistant's skill and presence of adhesions (obliteration of the cul-de-sac due to severe pelvic endometriosis). Several techniques were used, including bipolar coagulation of the ovarian and uterine vessels, and suture of the stump. A special uterine manipulator (RUMITM uterine manipulator with colpotomizer and pneumooccluder balloon) used in all procedures aided in anatomic definition and performing the circumferential colpotomy. We had two cases of ureteral obliteration by using bipolar coagulator, and 3 cases of bladder injuries during operation which was diagnosed and immediately repaired laparoscopically. We had two cases of ureterovaginal fistula, two cases of postoperative ileus and one case of bowel perforation. But there were no cases of death, thrombophlebitis or other pulmonary complications. CONCLUSIONS: Total laparoscopic hysterectomy can be performed safely and effectively when the surgical team is sufficiently trained. And we believe that total laparoscopic hysterectomy offers benefits to the patients in the form of less post-operative pain, shorter time in hospital.
Adenomyosis ; Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia ; Colpotomy ; Endometriosis ; Female ; Fistula ; Humans ; Hysterectomy* ; Ileus ; Leiomyoma ; Length of Stay ; Sutures ; Thrombophlebitis ; Ureter ; Urinary Bladder

Objective: The chest compression depth recommended in the current guidelines for average adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation is approximately 1/4-1/5 depth of the external chest anteroposterior (AP) diameter and at least 50 mm but less than 60 mm. The purpose of this study was to determine the proper compression depth in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Methods: A retrospective analysis of the chest computed tomography scans obtained between January 2014 and December 2018 was performed, and the chest anatomical parameters, such as external, internal chest, and heart AP diameters, were measured. The primary outcomes were a 1/4 and 1/5 depth of an external chest AP diameter. Based on the values of these parameters, the heart compression fractures (HCF) and over compression depth (OCD) from 40 to 60 mm depths with every 5 mm interval were calculated. All outcomes in the two groups were compared. Results: Ninety three of 108 ALS and 93 of 17,150 healthy individuals were selected randomly from a database and analyzed. The mean±standard deviations of 1/4 and 1/5 depth of the external chest AP diameter in ALS were significantly lower than in healthy individuals (48.57±4.60 mm vs. 53.43±4.93 mm, 38.86±3.68 mm vs. 42.75±3.94 mm, respectively, all P<0.001). The HCF values were similar in the two groups. The number of OCD with 55 and 60 mm in the ALS group were increased (all P<0.05, univariate analysis) Conclusion An approximately 50 mm depth of chest compression could be appropriate, but an excessive depth greater than 55 mm is more likely to cause complications for ALS patients.