Forensic dentistry is an interdiscipline of forensic m edicine and stom atology, w hich provides legal inform ation by collecting, testing and assessing the dental evidence scientifically. In this review , the present application of forensic dentistry has been described, such as the estim ation of age, sex, species, occupation and living habit, as w ell as the identification of individual, dom estic violence or abuse, w hich aim s to enrich and im prove forensic dentistry for m aking it be m ore useful in forensic m edicine even in juridical practice.

Objective To determine the total sodium in Danshen for injection.Methods Flame atomic absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the total sodium in Danshen for injection.Results The calibration curves were linear in the range of 0.5～10 mg/L for sodium chloride.The average recovery rates of sodium chloride were 101.8%,RSD=1.60%.Conclusion This method was found to be simple,quick and accurate for simultaneous determination of sodium in Danshen for injection.

[Objective] To evaluate the treatment effect of the synovial chondromatosis of the hip through arthroscopy,and to describe the arthroscopic classification.[Methods]From March 2001 to May 2008,21 patients underwent arthroscopic management for primary synovial chondromatosis of the hip.Of the 21 patients,15 were male and 6 were female,aged from 17 to 49 years.The disease was located on the left side in 9 patients,the right side in 12.Anterior and anteriolateral approaches were selected for synovectomy and removal of free bodies.The peripheral compartment received traction,and curved scraper and Slide Winder Blade(the bending radio frequency)were used to deal with the acetabular fossa.[Results]The range of motion of the hip was improved and the pain was released after operation.MRI showed hydrops articuli was reduced or vanished.Harris hip score for the series of patients improved from 56.2 points preoperatively to 92 points at the mean follow-up of 45 months(11 to 96).Of the 21 patients,18(85.7%)had excellent or good outcomes.No recurrent case was found.[Conclusion]Hip arthroscopy proved beneficial for patients diagnosed with synovial chondromatosis of the hip.It had the advantages of minimal invasion,quick recover and satisfactory outcomes.Arthroscopic classification may guide the procedure and avoid omision of the free bodies.

Objective To study the clinical value of X -ray examination in the diagnosis of bone and joint trauma and soft tissue changes .Methods 60 patients diagnosed with bone and joint trauma admitted in our hospital from January 2012 to January 2014 were selected and given anterior and posterior X -ray, patients with no definite diseases were given varus -valgus position shooting in order to further determine definite diseases , relative data were then collected .Results X -ray examination could assistthe development of treatment plans .X-ray plain films could not directly demonstrate the soft tissue changes without the auxiliary method of MRI .Conclusion Patients u-sually only pay attention to the severity of fracture but ignore the obvious trauma fractures and soft tissue changes .The application of X-ray examination enables the patients to attach importance to the treatment of traumatic soft tissue changes, and is worthy of promotion .

To investigate whether apoptosis is associated with cell adhesion in bronchial epithelium, and whether it contributes to the kinetics of injury and repair of surface epithelia, this study was performed for E-cadherin expression by using immunohistochemistry technique and for apoptosis by TUNEL method. An animal model of smoking was used for this study. The results showed that epithelial cells with membrane anchored E-cadherin decreased remarkably at several time points during 6 months of exposure to smoke (P < 0.01) and then restored to normal level. This fluctuation was associated exclusively with the alteration in number of apoptotic cells (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference in activation of nuclear transcription factor NF-kappa B among groups (P > 0.05). All these suggested that apoptosis is associated with E-cadherin expression in bronchial epithelium of smoking mouse.
*Apoptosis ; Bronchi/metabolism ; Bronchi/*pathology ; Cadherins/analysis ; Cadherins/*biosynthesis ; Epithelial Cells/chemistry ; Epithelial Cells/metabolism ; Epithelial Cells/pathology ; Smoking/*adverse effects

Objective:To investigate the protective effect of intratracheal transplantation of different dose of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in rats with acute lung injury induced by severe burns.Methods:Seventy-five male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups:Sham(group A),Saline group(group B) and different doses of hUMSCs transplantation groups(C,D and E).The dosage ofhUMSCs was 1 × 105,5 × 105 and 1 × 106 respectively.Rats inflicted by 50 ％TBSA Ⅲ degree scalding employed as the model.After modeling,rats in group B and transplantation groups were immediately fluid resuscitated.Transplantation groups were intratracheally administered different dose hUCMSCs (0.2 mL),and group B were given normal saline in the same dose intratracheally.The lung tissue samples were collected on day 1,day 3 and day 7 after administration.HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of lung tissue.MPO and CD68 immunohistochemical staining were used to observe the positive expression of neutrophils and macrophages in lung tissue.Results:Lung pathology showed that alveolar cavity was clear,alveolar structure integrity,occasionally a small amount of inflammatory cells of group A at each time point.At 1 day after scald,group B and the transplantation group (group C,D,E)the alveolar septum was thickened,and there was visible pulmonary capillary hyperemia,as well as a large amount of inflammatory cell infiltrations in the pulmonary capillaries and alveolar space.At 3 day,group B and the transplantation group alveolar structural damage,pulmonary hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltrations were better than those in 1 day.Compared with group B,the alveolar structure was clear and the septum was thinner,but there was no significant difference between the transplantation groups.On the 7 day after scald,the lung injury in the transplanted group was significantly less than group B,and the recovery of the injured lung tissue in E group was the most obvious.The number of the MPO positive cells increased significantly on the first day after scald (P ＜0.05) compared with group A,but there was no significant difference between the two groups.Compared with B group,the number of positive cells in transplantation group was significantly reduced at 3 and 7 day after scald,(P＜0.05),and the number of positive cells in group E was significantly lower than other groups (P＜0.05).CD68 staining showed a significant increase in positive cells in each group on day 1 (P＞ 0.05).The number of positive cells decreased in 3 day after transplantation (P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the transplantation groups.The number of positive cells in transplantation group was significantly lower than group B (P＜0.05) after 7 day.Compared with group C and D,there was significant difference in group E (P＜0.05).Conclusions:Intratracheal transplantation of different dose hUCMSCs have protective on severe burns induced acute lung injury models;the protection mechanisms may be that the hUCMSCs transplantation can inhibit the invasion of the inflammatory cells in lung tissues,and the optimal dosage is 1 × 106.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics of the floating injury of symphysis pubis and clinical outcome of open reduction and internal fixation.Methods A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the 48 patients who had been treated in our department with open reduction and internal fixation for the floating injury of Symphysis pubis from January 2008 to January 2013.There were 31 males and 17 females,with an average age of 36.5 years (range,20 to 61 years).Thirty-five patients were injured in traffic accidents and 8 were injured by falling injuries,and the other 5 were crushed by maehine.Fortyfive cases were complicated with fractures of the posterior pelvis ring; 14 cases were complicated with acetabular fractures; 17 cases were complicated with extremity fractures; 1 1 cases were complicated with thoracic and abdominal injuries and 6 cases were associated with urogenital system injury.The average period from trauma to operation was 7 days (range,3 to 25 days).Operation was performed under general anesthesia.The bilateral pubic ramus fractures were fixed with reconstruction plate in 41 cases,and 7 cases were fixed with cannulated screw through minimally invasive method.Forty-one cases with posterior ring fractures were fixed simulaneously.Results There were 44 patients being followed up with an average period of 16 months (range,12 to 30 months).All the fractures of the pelvis were clinically healed with an average period of 12.6 weeks (range,10 to 16 weeks).According 图o the Majeed score system,the functional results were exc ellent in 30 cases,good in 10 cases,and fair in 4 cases; The average score was 81.5 (range,60 to 100).Two patients who had wound fat liquefaction at 3 days after operation were healed by dressing changing; 8 patients got deep vein thrombosis at 10 days (range,5 to 15 days) after operation were cured by conservative treatment; 3 patients got supra pubic pain at 6 days (range,5 to 7 days) after operation were healed by oral non steroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic drugs and physical therapy in one year.Conclusion Floating injury of symphysis pubis is a kind of severe pelvic fracture which affects the stability of pelvic ring.Open reduction and internal fixation is a good method to stabilize the pelvis ring and to get early rehabilitation.This may contribute to good clinical resuls and good function.

Objective To evaluate the technique and result of endovascular treatment for right subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion.Methods Seventeen patients [13 males,4 females ; (56 ± 11)years old] with right subclavian artery stenosis or occlusion were treated with endovascular surgery which included recanalization,balloon angioplasty and stenting via femoral or brachial artery route.Cerebral protection devices were used in 6 cases to avoid cerebral embolism.Results Sixteen of the seventeen patients acquired successful recanalization in 8 cases with subclavian artery stenosis (100％ technical success rate) and in other 8 cases with subclavian artery occlusion (88.9％ technical success rate).Five cases were treated with balloon angioplasty,and 11 cases were treated with balloon angioplasty combined with stenting.Good patency was seen in the 16 cases immediately after the procedure.The cerebral protection devices prevented all the cases from cerebral embolism and were retrieved suceessfully.Sixteen cases were followed up from 1 to 66 months [mean (24 ± 18) months].Restenosis was found in one case 10 months later and was successfully treated with re-PTA.One case with aortoarteritis died of cerebral infarction 18 months later.No symptom recurrence was found in other cases and ultrasound or CTA of followup showed excellent patency.Conclusions Balloon angioplasty and stenting are safe and effective for the treatment of right subclavian artery occlusion.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the bacteria distribution and antibiotic resistance in urinary tract infection in 2004.METHODS During Jan 1st 2004 to Dec 31st 2004,1007 urine specimens were collected from inpatient and outpatient departments of Beijing Hospital.Totally 632 strains of pathogens were identified and the drug resistance was(performed.) RESULTS Among pathogens of urinary tract infection in 2004,Escherichia coli rated the first(38.29%),(followed) by Enterococcus(18.67%),fungi(17.41%),Streptococcus(8.07%),Proteus(3.4%),Staphylococcus(3.95%),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(3.17%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae(2.37%).Enterobacteriaceae were sensitive to imipenem(100%).(G~+) cocci were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and vancomycin(nearly to 100%).Compared to pathogens of UTI in 2001,fungi showed obviously increasing trend.CONCLUSIONS In 2004,(Enterobacteriaceae)(mostly E.coli) are the major pathogens in urinary tract infection.Fungi infection in(urinary) tract has an obviously increasing tendency and should be carefully treated.

The HPLC-ELSD method was used in the content determination of astragaloside, astragalosideⅠ, astragalosideⅡand astragalosideⅢ in Mongolia Radix Astragali (Astragalus membranaceus(Fisch.) Bge. var. mongholicus(Bge.) Hsiao) among 16 batches from various habitats. The DIKMA Diamonsil C18 (150 mm× 4.6 mm, 5μm) was adopted with acetonitrile and water as the mobile phase at a gradient mode program. The flow rate was 1.0 mL·min-1. And the column temperature was 30℃. The ELSD detector parameters were the drift tube temperature at 90℃, and the air flow rate of 2.8 L·min-1. The SPSS 16.0 software was used in the cluster analysis of content determination. The results showed that when the injection volume was within the range of 0.093 2-1.02μg (r = 0.999 5), 0.789-8.78μg (r = 0.999 7), 0.506-3.13μg (r = 0.999 6), and 0.016 1-1.38μg (r = 0.999 2) for astragaloside, astragalosideⅠ, astragalosideⅡ and astragalosideⅢ, respectively, the average recoveries were 97.55%, 98.61%, 99.68%, 98.58%with RSD of 1.2%, 1.3%, 1.3%, 1.2%, respectively. The results of cluster analysis showed that the single using of astragaloside as index was unable to differentiate Mongolia Radix Astragali from various habitats. However, the simultaneous determination of 4 types of astragalosides as indexes can differentiate Mongolia Radix Astragali from various habitats. It was concluded that the method was simple, quick and accurate, which can directly reflect the quality status of Mongolia Radix Astragali from different origins. It also provided new ideas for the quality control of Mongolia Radix Astragali.