Objective To investigate HIV infection via sex in Xinjiang,in order to provide guidance for the formulation of strategy to control and prevent sexual transmission of HIV.Methods Vistiors to 15 STD clinics in 5 cities of Xinjiang were asked to take blood and to be tested for HIV and RPR.At the same time,medical workers carried out the designed investigation.Result A total of 2 499 STD outpatients were investigated,among whom 28 samples were confirmed to be HIV positive and 145 samples were RPR positive;the infection rate was 1.12% and 5.80%,respectively,with male being 0.97% and female being 1.37% in the positive samples.The Han nationality had 8 HIV positive samples,and the Uygur nationality had 20 positive samples,with the positive rate being 0.44% and 3.49%,respectively.The Han nationality had 66 and the uygur had 79 in RPR positive samples,the positive rate being 3.66% and 13.79%,respectively.In 212 cases of syphilis 4 samples were HIV positive,the infection rate being 1.89%;in 420 cases of GU 10 samples were HIV positive,the infection rate being 2.38%.Our behavioral surveys found that those who 100% used condoms in their sex activities were free of HIV infection,while those who never used condoms had a high ratee of infection,up to 2.77%.Conclusion Sex transmission is becoming an important route of spreading HIV infection in Xinjiang,and therefore it is essential to strengthen serological and behavioral surveillance for high risk population and implement effective interventions for them.

Objective To investigate emergency management strategies and risk factors for mortality of open pelvic fractures associated with anorectal injuries.Methods Between April 2001 to April 2010,25 patients of open pelvic fractures associated with anorectal injuries were admitted to Shandong Provincial Hospital and Laigang Hospital,and early emergency treatments of this injury were retrospectively studied.Of these 25 patients,23 were male and the remaining 2 were female,and the mean age was 30.1±10.9 years (range,16-56 years).Fisher's exact test and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the risk factors related to mortality caused by this injury.Results Of the 25 patients,19 survived,other 6 patients were dead.The overall mortality was 24%.Fisher's exact test identified that the following risk factors including Tile classification,ISS,GCS and RTS were associated with the injury mortality.Patients with Tile C pelvic fracture ,ISS ≥ 25 points,GCS≤8 points or RTS≤8 points had a high probability of resulting in death.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed with the four variables noted above,and the results demonstrated that RTS ≤ 8 points was the only independent risk factor for mortality of patients with this injury.Conclusion Stabilization of hemodynamic condition,aggressive debridement and irrigation of the wound,early diversion of the fecal stream and early stabilization of pelvic fracture are critical strategies for the emergency management of open pelvic fractures associated with anorectal injuries.Furthermore,based on our findings,it can be concluded that RTS≤8 was reliable for predicting the probability of death in patients with this injury.

ObjectiveTo investigate fecal diversion in the management of pelvic fractures associated with perineal injuries.MethodsThis retrospective study involved 27 patients of pelvic fractures associated with perineal injuries during April 2005 to April 2011.There were 23 males and 4 females,and the mean age was 32.9 years old (range,16-62 years old).Fractures type according to Tile classification:4 cases were type A,10 cases were type B,and 13 cases were type C.The pelvic external fixator and fecal diversion were selectively used.Results Of the 27 patients of pelvic fractures associated with perineal injuries,24survived.The overall mortality of pelvic fractures associated with perineal injuries in the present study was 11％.The survived 24 patients were totally reviewed clinically.The mean follow-up time of these patients was 10.9 months (range,4-42 months).Of those patients who underwent early fecal diversion (＜ 48 h),none experienced infectious completions.However,of those underwent non-early (＞48 h) fecal diversion (including those who did not undergo fecal diversion),four patients experienced infectious completions.Fisher's exact test was used to compare the infection rate of these two groups.And the result of Fisher's exact test demonstrated that those patients who underwent early (＜ 48 h) fecal diversion and non-early (＞48 h) fecal diversion (including those who did not undergo fecal diversion).ConclusionStabilization of hemodynamic; selective fecal diversion; early stabilization of pelvic fracture are necessary for the emergency management of pelvic fractures associated with perineal injuries.Rectal injury and severe perineal injury without involvement of rectum should undergo fecal diversion.Early fecal diversion (＜ 48 h) could reduce the infection rate of pelvic fractures associated with perineal injuries.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of gauze packing for haemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture.Methods Between January 2006 and January 2014,gauze packing was used to treat haemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture in 42 patients consisting of 23 males and the 19 females aged 34.2 years (range,18 to 54 years).AO classification of the fracture was type B1 in 9,B2 in 5,B3 in 3,C1 in 13,C2 in 4,and C3 in 8 patients.All the patients were diagnosed with hypovolemic shock upon admission with the systolic pressure of (75.4 ± 4.3) mmHg and heart rate of (126.5 ± 12.4) beats/ min.Injury severity score (ISS) was (38.7 ± 6.2)points.Anti-shock treatment,internal or external fixation of pelvic ring,and gauze packing were performed immediately to control the hemorrhage following pelvic fracture.Results Systolic pressure was (95.2 ± 4.6) mmHg and mean heart rate was declined to (85.4 ± 13.2)beats/min after pelvis volume control and gauze packing,with significant differences compared to these preoperatively (P ＜ 0.05).Red blood cell transfusion before internal or external fixation and gauze packing was (15.0 ± 2.4) units versus (8.3 ± 1.5) units within the first postoperative 24 hours (P ＜ 0.05).Twenty-four out of the 42 patients underwent temporary abdominal aorta occlusion.Six patients died postoperatively with the death rate of 14％.Mean time of removing the packing gauze was (51.4 ± 10.3) hours (range,24-168 hours).Conclusion Anti-shock treatment with concurrent gauze packing and pelvis volume control is effective to arrest the massive hemorrhage in hemodynamically unstable pelvic fracture.

Objective To study the predictive value of preoperative blood CD4 +/CD8 + ratio in postoperative recurrence after hepatectomy for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods The clinical data of 67 patients who underwent hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma at The Fifth Hospital Affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University were analyzed retrospectively.Using the preoperative blood CD4 +/CD8 + ratio,these patients were divided into 2 groups,the CD4 +/CD8 + ＜ 1 group and the CD4 +/CD8 + ≥ 1 group.These patients were followed up at the outpatient clinic and/or by telephone till June 2013.The Cox ratio risk pattern analysis was used to determine the significant risk factors of tumor recurrence.Results On univariate analysis,preoperative AFP ≥400 μg/L,maximum diameter of tumor ＞ 5 cm,number of tumor ＞ 3,CD4 +/CD8 + ＜ 1,vascular invasion,positive resection margin,and portal vein tumor thrombus were risk factors of poor disease-free survival (P ＜ 0.05).On multivariant analysis,CD4 +/CD8 + ＜ 1,number of tumor ＞ 3,and portal vein tumor thrombus were independent predictors of poor disease-free survival after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Preoperative CD4 +/CD8 + ＜ 1 was an independent adverse predictor of poor disease-free survival.It was valuable in predicting postoperative recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To evaluate the effect of prosthetic rehabilitation and analyze the exercise training program with myoelectric signal for upper limb stumps.Methods Twenty canes with 22 upper limb stumps were treated with exercise for strength training,muscle contraction and control training and the complication of stump were managed.The myoelectrlc signal of upper limb stumps were detected and the stumps were trained with electronic biofeedback software system,including basic signal of biofeedback training and visual biofeedback training.Then the myoelectric prostheses were assembled.Results After prosthetic rehabilitation and myoelectfic signal training,there Wan no significant atrophy of muscle of stumps,muscle strength and range of motion of these twenty limb stumps increased.The amputees could control muscle contraction and grasp,pinch,wrist rotation,elbow extension or flexion consciously.Twenty myoelectrie prostheses were assembled.Conclusion The prosthetic rehabilitation and myoelectric signal training of limb stump is important for assembling myoelectric prosthesis.

BACKGROUND:Herba epimedi, a traditional Chinese medicine, has a long time in dealing with various orthopedic disorders. Icarinwithmany biological activites is one of the most important compositions of Herba epimedi. OBJECTIVE:Toinvestigate the effects of icarin on osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cels and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels were treated using icarin with or without osteogenic mediumin vitro. Osteogenic differentiation markers, including runt-related transcription factor 2, osteocalcin and osterix, were detected by real time-qPCR. Alizarin red staining was used to measure calcium nodes generated by osteoblasts induced frombonemarrow mesenchymal stem cels. The proximal tibia bone structure of rats fed with icarin (2 mgperday) for 5 weeks was detected and analyzed by MicroCT. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Icarin was able to promote the expression of genes related to osteogenic differentiation in the absence or presence of osteogenic induction. Icarin could obviously increase the quantity of calcium nodes whenmesenchymal stem celswere cultured in the osteogenic medium. The animal experiment showed that icarin improved formation of trabecular bone.

Objective To discuss the application value of CT angiography (CTA) in evaluating renal artery anatomy of laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery (LNSS) before operation. Methods Retroperitoneal LNSS was performed in 87 patients with renal tumors. Forty cases underwent CTA before LNSS, volume rendering and maximum intensity projection of renal artery were used as three-dimensional reconstruction. The other 47 without CTA were compared as control. Treatment out-comes of the 2 groups were compared, including operation time, warm ischemia time, blood loss, con-version to open surgery, hospitalization stay after operation, and complications after operation. Re-sults All the procedures were completed laparoscopically with no conversion to open surgery in CTA group. One patient underwent conversion to open surgery in the control group. In CTA and control group, the operation time was 94 min(range, 76-118)and 115 min(90-190, P<0.05). The warm ischemia time was 23 min(12-39)and 29 min(18-40, P<0.05). Blood loss was 90 ml(9.0-160) and 130 m1(90-600, P<0.01). Hospitalization stay after operation was 4.1 d(3-5) and 5.5 d(3-9), respectively(P<0.05). The pathologic examination showed negative surgical margin in all cases of renal cell carcinoma. The patients were followed up for 4 months to 32 months. Neither distant nor local recurrences were observed, and the renal function was normal in all cases. Urinary leakage oc-curred in 1 patient of each group. Conclusions CTA could be an effective method in evaluating the supply blood vessels of kidney before LNSS. And it can shorten the operation time and warm ischemia time, reduce the blood loss, as the result of helping the operaters deal with renal artery more quickly and accurately.

Objective To observe the effects of different concentrations of glucose on the proliferation and differentiation of primary osteoblasts.Methods The identification of mouse primary osteoblasts was performed by alkaline phosphatase (ALP)staining and Von Kossa staining.Treating osteoblasts with different dose of glucose (5.5,15.5,25.5 mmol/L),the osteoblasts proliferation,ALP staining,and Runx2,OB markers ALP and OCN mRNA expression were observed.Real-time PCR was used for the determination of Runx2,OB markers ALP and OCN mRNA expression.Results With the increasing glucose concentrations,the osteoblasts cell proliferation was decreased.Compared with 5.5 mmol/L normal glucose,the ALP staining in 15.5 mmol/L group and 25.5 mmol/L group were decreased.The expressions were decreased by (36.7±6.2)％ and (38.3±2.2)％ in Runx2 mRNA,(26.7±7.2)％ and (40.4±4.3)％ in OCN mRNA respectively.ALP in 15.5 mmol/L group was reduced by (33.3±10.2)％,but increased by(50.8±10.4) ％ in 15.5 mmol/L group.Conclusions High glucose may decrease osteoblasts proliferation and activity,which may be one of the key pathogenesis factors of diabetic osteoporosis.

Objective To explore the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic nephron sparing nephrectomy for renal tumor. Methods The data of 72 patients diagnosed as renal rumor and treated with laparoscopic nephron sparing nephrectomy were retrospectively analyzed.Procedure detailed as following:firstly,the renal tumor was exposed completely after routine institution of 4 passages;secondly,the tissue 3 cm around the tumor was labeled and then incised using cool scissors after Bulldog occlusion of the renal artery;thirdly,the lesion was covered with anti-bleeding gauze and then intermittently sutured using 1-0 absorbable Dixon suture and crossing Hem-o-lok. Results Operation time was 90-190 min,with warm ischemia time 12-40 min.Bleeding volume was 20-600 m1.with one intra-operative infusion and 4 post-operative infusions.Pathological diagnosis was clear cell RCC in 52 cases,angiomyolipoma in 14,chromophobe RCC in 5,and collective duct cancer in 1 case.Hospitalization time was 5-12 days.With 1-52 months follow-up,no tumor recurrence and metastasis was observed. Conclusions Treatment by laparoscopic nephron sparing nephrectomy for renal tumor could be safe and efficient,but operative experiences and skills are needed.The method of intermittent suture and crossing Hem-o-lok could be useful to shorten the operation time and reduce the complications.