OBJECTIVE:To optimize the ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology of total flavonoids from Tibetan Scindapsus aureu. METHODS:The single-factor test was adopted to investigate the effects of extraction time,extraction temperature,the vol-ume fraction of ethanol,the ratio of liquid to solid and power on the extraction rate of total flavonoids from Tibetan Scindapsus au-reu in the process of ultrasonic-assisted extraction,based on which,four-factor and five-level Box-Behnken central component de-sign was performed with unchanged ultrasonic power,and then response surface method was adopted to analyze the effects of the 4 factors and their interaction on the extraction rate of total flavonoids to determine the optimal factor and level,and verification tests were conducted.RESULTS:The optimal ultrasonic-assisted extraction technology was as follows as extraction time of 29 min,tem-perature of 44 ℃,volume fraction of ethanol of 78%,ratio of liquid to solid of 13∶1(ml/g). In three verification tests,the aver-age extraction rate of total flavonoids was 2.130%,with an relative error of 0.005% compared to the theoretical value. CONCLU-SIONS:The optimal technology is reasonable and feasible,and can be used for theultrasonic-assisted extraction of total flavonoids from Tibetan Scindapsus aureu.

Objective To compare the contents of Ferulic Acid and Polysaccharide in Angelica Sinensis oliv. with Lotiform Angelica sinensis because of the morphosis related to lateral bud of Angelica Sinensis. Method The contents of Polysaccharide was determined by Polysaccharide-Phenol-Sulfuric acid reaction system. The content of ferulic acid was determined by HPLC. Result There is no significantly difference in the contents of Ferulic Acid and Polysaccharide between Angelica sinensis and lotiform Angelica sinens. Conclusion The contents of Ferulic Acid and Polysaccharide between Angelica Sinensis oliv. and Lotiform Angelica sinensis has no significantly difference because of the morphosis related to lateral bud of Angelica Sinensis.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of transnasal gastroscopy in diagnosis and treatment of upper gastrointestinal diseases and the endurance of patients to the operation,as well as to measure the distance between the external naris and pectinate line. Methods Between January 2007 and April 2008,totally 3481 patients underwent transnasal gastroscopy in our hospital,meanwhile 3705 patients received routine gastroscopy; 109 patients who received transnasal gastroscopy and 106 patients that underwent routine gastroscopy were surveyed by questionnaires on their tolerance to the procedures. In the transnasal gastroscopy group,210 patients were selected for measuring the distance between the external naris and pectinate line,while 210 patients from the routine gastroscopy group were examined to determine the length from the front teeth to the pectinate line. Results Among the patients underwent transnasal gastroscopy,89.9% (98/109)of them had no or mild nausea and 97.2% (106/109)had no or mild vomiting; 85.5%(53/62) of the patients who had suffered routine gastroscopy reported less pain after transnasal gastroscopy,and 93.6%(102/109)of the patients would like to underwent transnasal gastroscopy again if necessary. The average length from the external naris to pectinate line was (43.1?2.6) cm,which was statistically significantly different from that measured from the incisor teeth to pectinate line by routine gastroscopy [(39.7?1.9)cm,t=15.290,P=0.000]. The diagnostic and differential diagnostic value of transnasal gastroscopy is same to that of routine gastroscopy. Therapies under transnasal gastroscopy were conducted in 38 cases without complications occurred. Conclusions The feasibility,tolerance,and safety of transnasal gastroscopy are superior to routine transoral gastroscopy. It can provide a more comfortable process for examination. The ability of diagnosis and differential diagnosis of transnasal gastroscopy resembles those of routine transoral gastroscopy.

Objective To establish a method to simultaneously determine contents of alantolactone and isoalantolactone in Sanwei Ganlusan. Methods Contents of alantolactone and isoalantolactone was determined by HPLC was used with PDAD detector;the column was CAPCELL PAK MG C18 (4.6 mm×250 mm, 5μm);the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-0.4%phosphoric (58∶42);the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min;the detection wavelength was set at 225 nm;the column temperature was maintained at 30 ℃. Results The linear range of alantolactone was 0.083-0.517 μg (r=0.999 9), and isoalantolactone was 0.108-0.672 μg (r=0.999 9). The mean recovery of alantolactone was 97.95%, RSD=1.31%. The mean recovery of isoalantolactone was 97.69%, RSD=1.24%. Conclusion The method is accurate and simple in operation, which can be used to simultaneously determine contents of alantolactone and isoalantolactone in Sanwei Ganlusan.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the inclusion technology of Eugenol-β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complex,and to identify and characterize it. METHODS:With the molar ratio of eugenol to β-CD,inclusion temperature and inclusion time as fac-tors,using the yield of inclusion compounds as index,the inclusion technology was optimized by orthogonal test. The formation of inclusion compound was identified by the spectra change of FT-IR,XRD and 1H NMR. Its structure was characterized by 1H RO-ESY NMR. RESULTS:The optimized inclusion conditions were that the molar ratio of eugenol to β-CD was 1.0:1;inclusion tem-perature was 60 ℃;inclusion time was 2.0 h. And the yield of inclusion compound was 73.86%(RSD=0.17%,n=3). 1H NMR results ofβ-CD and its inclusion complex indicated that the optimum qualitative ratio of the inclusion complex was 1.0:1. The inter-molecular interaction between eugenol and β-CD was confirmed by the spectrum analysis of FT-IR and XRD. 1H ROESY NMR re-sults indicated the structure of inclusion complex mainly was that the phenyl of eugenol was in the cavity of β-CD,the vinyl was outside. CONCLUSIONS:The inclusion technology is reasonable and feasible,and can be used for the inclusion of eugenol andβ-CD. The formation of inclusion compound is confirmed by the spectrum analysis.

Background and purpose:There are few studies referring to population-based cancer survival of bladder cancer for more than forty years in China. This paper was to offer basis for assessing long-term survival trends of bladder cancer and the prognosis of this cancer through analysis of the survival rates based on cancer report documents from 1972 to 2011 in Qidong.Methods:The deadline of the last follow-up for survival status of the 1 619 registered cases was Apr. 2012. Cumulative observed survival rate (OS) and relative survival rate (RS) were calculated using Hakulinen’s method performed by the SURV3.01 Software which is developed by Finnish Cancer Registry.Results:The one-, three-, five-, ten-, fifteen-, twenty-, and thirty-year OS rates were 59.91%, 43.49%, 35.98%, 26.91%, 21.30%, 18.37% and 12.24%; and the one-, three-, five-, ten-, fifteen-, twenty-, and thirty-year RS rates were 64.07%, 53.02%, 50.06%, 52.42%, 59.59%, 76.39% and 115.75%, respectively. For males, these OS rates were 60.84%, 43.91%, 36.95%, 27.31%, 21.49%, 18.29% and 12.59%, and RS rates were 65.23%, 53.95%, 52.02%, 54.57%, 62.59%, 79.12% and 117.07%, respectively; For females, these OS rates were 56.61%, 42.03%, 32.44%, 25.65%, 20.78%, 18.80% and 0%, and RS rates, 59.99%, 49.91%, 43.37%, 45.86%, 51.21%, 69.02% and 0%, respectively. There were no statistical differences couldbe found between both sexes (P=0.256). Five-year RS rates of age groups 15-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, and more than 75 were 49.10%, 67.53%, 62.77%, 53.92%, 46.59% and 39.85%, and 10-year RS rates, 49.79%, 61.23%, 52.99%, 48.21%, 54.94% and 51.21%, respectively. Remarkable improvement could be seen for the five-, ten-, and fifteen-year RS rates in this setting since 1980’s.Conclusion:The survival outcome from Qidong registered cases with bladder cancer shows gradual progress during the past 2 decades. Early detection and improvement of therapies may be the factors affecting the prognosis of bladder cancer. Although the disparities in survival rates between Qidong and the developed countries are getting narrower, potential for survival improvement still exists.

Objective To analyze the survival rates of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in Qidong from 1972 to 2011,in order to provide the basis for the prognosis assessment and the control of this cancer.Methods A total of 1 472 registered NHL cases were followed up to April 30, 2012.Cumulative observed survival (OS) rate and relative survival (RS) rate were calculated using Hakulinen method performed by the SURV 3.01 software developed at the Finnish Cancer Registry.Results The 1-, 3-, 5-, 10-, 20-and 30-year OS rates were 32.48 ％, 19.30 ％, 15.78 ％, 12.76 ％, 9.54 ％ and 7.63 ％, and the RS rates were 33.49 ％, 21.18 ％, 18.46 ％, 17.79 ％, 19.37 ％ and 22.44 ％, respectively.The 1-, 3-, 5-, 10-, 20-and 30-year RS rates of males vs females had no statistically significant differences (x2 =3.32, P =0.767).The 5-year RS rates of age groups 0-14, 15-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, and ≥75 were 22.99 ％, 20.51％,18.42 ％, 20.96 ％, 18.72 ％, 17.32 ％, 10.60 ％, and the 10-year RS rates were 23.04 ％, 15.55 ％, 15.91％,16.36 ％, 18.59 ％, 19.70 ％, 20.93 ％, respectively.The age group 0-14 had the highest 5-and 10-year RS rates.Remarkable improvement could be seen in the 5-year RS rate from 7.76 ％ in 1973-1977 to 26.79 ％ in 2003-2007, and the 10-year OS rate from 6.63 ％ in 1973-1977 to 15.52 ％ in 1998-2002, respectively.Conclusions The outcome of NHL in Qidong has been improved gradually from 1972 to 2011, but the gaps of survival rates in NHL patients between China and the developed countries still exist.Research on the diagnosis and treatment of NHL should be further emphasized.

Objective Survival rates of pancreas cancer during the years 1972-2011,from a population-based cancer registry in Qidong,were analyzed in order to provide information for the prognosis assessment and control of this disease.Methods The deadline of the last follow-up for survival status of 3279 registered cases was April 30th,2012.DCO (death certificates only) cases were excluded,leaving 3272 cases for survival analysis.Cumulative observed survival rate (OS) and relative survival rate (RS) were calculated by the SURV3.01 software.Results The 1-,5-,10-,15-,20-,25-,and 30-year OSs were 12.69％,4.87％,3.76％,3.07％ 2.66％,1.94％ and 1.28％,respectively,and OSs in male were 12.39％,4.67％,3.41％,2.77％ 2.22％,1.35％,0.75％,and in female were 13.08％,5.12％,4.22％,3.45％,3.28％,3.00％ 2.40％.The 1-,5-,10-,15-,20-,25-,and 30-year RSs were 13.34％,6.30％,6.47％,7.34％ 9.27％,10.33％ and 10.65％,respectively;and the RSs in male were 13.06％,6.14％,6.06％ 6.91％,8.06％,7.44％,6.44％,and in female were 13.70％,6.47％,6.99％,7.88％,10.91％ 15.25％,19.12％.The 5-year OS rates at age groups of 15-34,35-44,45-54,55-64,65-74 and ＞75 were 17.81％,6.34％,8.32％,5.04％,3.75％ and 3.82％,respectively.The 5-year RSs were 17.97％,6.47％,8.65％,5.47％,4.68％ and 8.03％.Five-year OSs increased from 2.01％ in 1973-1977 to 5.11％ in 2003-2007.Conclusions The overall survival rate of pancreas cancer has increased during the past 40 years in Qidong,but the improvement is marginal.

AIM: To establish the method for determination of luteolin and isorhamnetin in Duyiwei Capsules (Lamiophl mis rotata(Benth.)Kudo). METHODS:Yilite-C_(18) column was used.The mobile phase was composed of methanol-water(50∶50),pH was adjusted to 3.0 with H_3PO_4.The flow rate was 0.8 mL?min~(-1) and detection wave-length was set at 360 nm. RESULTS:The linear range of Luteolin was 7.072-35.360 ?g?mL~(-1),(r=(0.999 7)) and the linear range of isorhamnetin was 1.658-8.290 ?g?mL~(-1)(r=0.999 2). The average recovery and RSD of luteolin were 96.3% and 2.7%,respectively. The average recovery and RSD of isorhamnetin were 97.3% and 2.1%,respectively. CONCLUSION:This method is sensitive,accurate and can be used for the quality study of Duyiwei Capsules.

Objective To provide anatomical basis for the free saphenous branch of descending genicular artery flap and evaluate its clinical outcomes for the hand soft-tissue defects. Methods Fifteen fresh cadavers injected with lead oxide-gelatin mixture for three-dimensional visualization reconstruction using a spiral computed tomography scanner. The origin, course and distribution of the perforators of descending genicular artery were observed.From January 2005 to October 2011,seven patients with skin defect on the distant limbs were treated.The flap size was 5 cm × 6 cm-11 cm × 14 cm,vascular pedicle length 5.4 (4-7)cm. ResultsThe saphenous branch was consistent. It arised from the descending genicular artery (68％) or femoral artery(32％).The diameter of the saphenous branch was 1.5(1.1-1.7)mm at its origin above 9.0(4.0-16.0)cm from the medial epicondylar.Seven cases of flaps all survived,the average followup of 28 months,close to hand flap of skin texture,some sensory recovery,two-point discrimination 8-12mm. Conclusion Free saphenous branch of descending genicular artery flap is a reliable option for the treatment of soft tissue defect in hands. The pedicles were invariable of anatomy, thickness of the flaps is comparable,and procedure is simple and time saving.