Objective To investigate the morphological and biochemical changes of primary knee joint osteoarthritis of guinea pigs and study its initial pathogenesis. To study the appearance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in early stages of cartilage degeneration and to evaluate its values. Methods Thirty female Hartley guinea pigs were divided into postnatal 1, 3 and 6 months groups with 10 animals in each group. The degeneration of knee joint cartilage was observed. The proteoglycan (PG) and estradiol (ET) in serum were measured and the concentration of hydroxyproline (HOP), uronic acid (UA) and water ratio (WR) in articular cartilage were determined. Guinea pigs were scanned with magnetic resonance imaging ,using a 1.5T ASC-NT Gyroscan unit (Philips) magnet with 16 cm coil. Gradient echo sequences and spin echo sequences were performed in the sagittal planes at postnatal 1, 3, 6 months. Then signal intensity and thickness of cartilage were measured. The proteoglycan level was measured biochemically and histochemically. Results Degeneration of knee joint cartilage was seen in guinea pigs of 3 months old. The level of serum ET and cartilage WR were increased with age, while the value of serum PG and cartilage UA were decreased with age. The cartilage thickness and signal intensity were decreased significantly in treated knees compared with postnatal 1 month knees (P

Objective To explore the relationship between tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?)level in the serum of maternal women with intrauterine infection of Toxoplasma gondii and absortion.Methods An examination was carried out on TNF-? in maternal sera and DNA of Toxoplasma gondii in the cervical secretions,and the aborted tissues of the abortion group,and the cervical secretions of the control group by ELISA and PCR,respectively.Results The TNF-? levels increased in the sera of women with intrauterine infection of Toxoplasma before abortion as compared with those of the control group and those of themselves after abortions.There were high TNF-? levels in the sera of prognostication abortion women with Toxoplasma infection before the anti-Toxoplasma treatment as compared with those of the control group and those of themselves after the treatment with azithromycin.Conclusion The results suggest that Toxoplasma gondii infection is an important factor to increase the TNF-? level in maternal serum.

OBJECTIVE To assess the relationship among the genes types ureA,cagA,vacA,gene vacA subtypes and Helicobacter pylori(Hp)-related upper gastrointestinal diseases in this study.METHODS Eighty-four Hp strains were identified from bacteria isolated and cultured from the gastric mucosa tissue.Genes ureA,cagA,vacA,and gene vacA subtypes were typed using PCR with specific primers.RESULTS In 84 identified Hp strains,the positive ratio of gene ureA was 100.00%,of gene cagA was 90.48%,and of gene vacA was 95.24%.The positive ratio of genes cagA and vacA was lower in gastric cancer than in gastritis and peptic ulcer(P0.05).CONCLUSIONS ure+,cagA+ and vacAm2 subtypes of Hp are predominant in patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases in Zhenhai District,Ningbo,Zhejiang Province.They are more common in patients with gastric ulcer and gastritis.

Objective To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Xuanbo Shuangsheng Granule for its quality control.Methods The components were separated on an Agilent TC-C18 column (150 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm) at 25 ℃,with a gradient elution in 0-60 min at the flow rate of 1 mL/min using 0.2％ acetic acid aqueous solution and methanol as the mobile phase.The detection wavelength was 278 nm.By detecting 11 batches of Xuanbo Shuangsheng Granule,the HPLC fingerprint was established using Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of TCMs (Version 2004A)and the common peaks were analyzed and identified in raw herbal material.Results The HPLC fingerprint of Xuanbo Shuangsheng Granule was obtained with similarity all over 0.9.Totally 27 common peaks were confirmed,and each common peak could be found in raw herbal medicines.Based on the reference substances,5 common peaks were identified,including phellodendrine (peak 11),liquiritin (peak 22),angoroside C (peak 25),cinnamic acid (peak 26) and harpagoside (peak 27).Conclusions This method is simple,accurate,repeatable and reliable,which could be applied in the quality control of Xuanbo Shuangsheng Granule.

Objective To observe the effects of cyclosporin A on the expression of phosphorylated AKT in hepatocytes, and to investigate the mechanism of insulin resistance caused by cyclosporin A. Methods This study included two parts. 1. In vitro experiment:Human hepatocyte HL77022 cell line was cultured at different concentrations of cyclosporin A (0?1 μmol/L, 1 μmol/L, 5 μmol/L) for 48 hours. The expressions of phosphorylated AKT ( P?AKT) in HL77022 cells were measured by Western blot assay. 2. Rat in vivo experiment: SD rats were randomly divided into 2 groups. The rats in the control group were administrated with distilled water 1 mL/Kg/d. The rats in the cyclosporine group were administrated with cyclosporine 25 mg/Kg/d. The total experiment time was 5 months. The levels of fasting blood glucose and insulin were tested at the end of the experiment. The insulin resistance index and insulin sensitivity index were calculated. The expression of P?AKT in the rat hepatocytes was measured by immunohistochemistry. Results 1. Each group of the HL7702 cells treated by CsA ( 0?1 μmol/L, 1 μmol/L, 5 μmol/L ) showed a significantly decreased expression of P?AKT (P<0?05, P<0?01, and P<0?01). 2. After 5 months of therapy, the fasting blood glucose level of rats in the cyclosporine group was 9?28 mmol/L, indicating that cyclosporine?induced diabetic rat models were established. The insulin sensitivity index in the cyclosporine group was lower than that in the control group ( P<0?05 ) . The expression of P?AKT in liver in the cyclosporine group was significantly lower than that in the control group ( P <0?05) . Conclusions Therapeutic dose of cyclosporine has hyperglycemic effects on rats. Cyclosporine can reduce the expression of phosphorylated AKT in hepatic tissue in rats and also decrease the expression of P?AKT in human hepatocyte HL77022 cells, which indicate that cyclosporine may cause insulin resistance by interfering PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathway.

Objective:To study the effect of natural antioxidant ?-carotene(?-C) combined with vitamin E and C supplement on cellular oxidative damage in aged people. Method:Three hundred subjects aged from 60 to 75y,128 males and 172 females were randomized into 5 groups:group 1(VE 200mg/d+VC 300 mg/d+?-C 16.7 mg/d) ,group 2(VE 200 mg/d+VC 300 mg/d+?-C 8.4 mg/d) ,group 3(VE 200 mg/d+VC 300 mg/d+?-C 5.6 mg/d) ,group 4(VE 200mg/d+VC 300mg/d) ,group 5(VE 5 mg/d) . The trial lasted 16 weeks. All subjects were asked to record the nutrients intake daily. The investigators followed-up and supervised the subjects irregularly. The samples of blood and urine were collected at the beginning and end of the trial. The proliferation of lymphocytes was detected by MTT and H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolytic degrees were measured before and after the trial. Thefluidity of erythrocyte membrane was evaluated by fluorescence polarization(?) and microviscosity(?) . O6-MeG was analyzed by high performance capillary zone electrophoresis. Results:The proliferation of lymphocytes was increased and H2O2-induced erythrocyte hemolytic degrees were decreased from group 1 to group 4 at the end of trial with significant difference compared with control group 5. The ? and ? values were lower in 1 to 4 groups at the end of trial. O6-MeG was significantly lower in group 1 to 4 group at the end of trial,and group 1 lower than group 4. Conclusion:Different doses of natural antioxidant ?-carotene supplement combined with vitamin E and C could improve the function of erythrocyte and the proliferation of lymphocytes,and decrease DNA alkylating damage.

Objective To identify the genotype of Toxoplasma gondii isolated strains from a congenital teras（KS strain）and an HIV⁃Toxoplasma co⁃infected patient in Jiangsu Province. Methods T. gondii DNA of tachyzoites of a isolate from a congenital teras（KS strain）and blood DNA of an HIV⁃Toxoplasma co⁃infected patient in Jiangsu Province were extracted，and 11 loci were identified for the genotype by polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism（PCR⁃RFLP）. Results The complete bands were obtained from the congenital teras（KS strain）and HIV⁃Toxoplasma co⁃infected patient in Jiangsu Province，and identified as T. gondii gene type I. Conclusion T. gondii gene type I may be the dominant genotype strain of T. gondii among the women who have the abnormal pregnant outcomes and HIV⁃Toxoplasma co⁃infected patients in Jiangsu Province.

Experimental pathology is an important part of life science research associated with animal experiment. Acquisition and fixation of optimum specimen and subsequent section of paraffin embedded tissue and dyeing are key factors playing important role in reliability, authenticity of pathological diagnosis.This paper summarizes the problems encountered in pathological section making of animal experiment and it correspond solutions.

Objective To explore the mechanism of tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablets for elderly patients with relapsing refractory immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP),and to seek the theoretical basis for Chinese medicine treatment of this disease.Methods The clinical data of 79 patients with relapsing refractory ITP were retrospectively analyzed.According to whether the combined use of tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside,they were divided into the control group (35 cases) and the observation group (44 cases).The control group was treated with platelet and tranexamic acid,sulfasalazine,sulforaphane sodium,hemagglutinin and other symptomatic hemostasis treatment.The observation group in symptomatic hemostasis support on the basis of treatment with tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside tablets.The CD4+/CD8+ ratio and CD4+ CD25+ Treg expression were compared between the two groups.Results The CD4+/CD8+ ratio,CD4+ CD25+ Treg and platelet count in the control group before treatmentwere (0.96 ± 0.36),(1.21 ± 0.67) ％,(13.14 ± 6.92) × 109/L,respectively,which of the observation group were (0.92 ± 0.37),(1.19 ± 0.59) ％,(11.51 ± 6.21) × 109/L,respectively,there were no statistically significant differences between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05).The CD4+/CD8+ ratios in peripheral blood of the observation group at 2 weeks,3 weeks and 4 weeks after treatmentwere (1.04 ±0.56),(1.55 ±0.34),(1.59 ±0.41),respectively,there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (t =9.994,9.797,all P ＜ 0.05).The CD4+ CD25+ Treg proportions in the observation group at 2 weeks,3 weeks and 4 weeks after treatmentwere (1.01 ± 0.61) ％,(1.06:±:0.57) ％,(5.92 ± 0.65) ％,respectively,there was statistically significant difference between the 4 weeks after treatment and before treatment(t =5.378,P ＜ 0.05).The CD4+/CD8+ ratios in the peripheral blood of the control group were (1.01 ±0.60),(0.89 ±0.50) and (0.96 ±0.51),respectively,and the CD4+ CD25+ Treg in control group at 2 weeks,3 weeks and 4 weeks after treatment proportions were (0.99 ±0.72)％,(1.15 ±0.66)％,(1.22 ±0.56)％,respectively,there were no statistically significant differences between before and after treatment (all P ＞0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the CD4+/CD8+ ratio and CD4+ CD25+ Treg expression between the observation group and control group at 4 weeks after treatment (t =8.589,P ＜ 0.01;t =2.369,P ＜ 0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the platelet count between the two groups(P ＞ 0.05),but the symptoms of bleeding of the observation group was lighter at 3 weeks after treatment.Conclusion Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside improves the expression of CD4+/CD8+ and CD4+ CD25+ Treg in peripheral blood of elderly patients with relapsed or refractory ITP.It is an ideal drug for the treatment of relapsed and refractory ITP in the elderly,it is worth further study.

This paper introduces the structure and the equipment of special artificial environmental and experimental chamber and its basic operating requirements. In compliance with the national standard and safety management, the safety, effectiveness and controllability of the chamber are described.