Objective To analyze the distribution of HLA-C alleles in Shandong Han population of China.Methods One hundred and fifty unrelated potential donors,self-claimed as Han population from Shandong province,were selected from China Marrow Donor Program.Genotypes of HLA-C with the donors were identified by PCR-SBT.The frequencies of allele were calculated with direct counting method and the differences with other populations were analyzed with SPSS16.0 x2 software.Results A total of 25 alleles of HLA-C were observed and the most common alleles were C * 06:02 and C * 07:02 with the frequency of more than 10.00％.Moreover,there were 16 kinds of alleles with the frequency of more than 1.00％ accounting for 95.33％ of the total alleles.The distribution of HLA-C alleles in Shandong Han population was similar to that in northern Han population,but had some differences with that in southern Han population.In addition,the distribution of HLA-C alleles in Shandong Han population significantly differed from that of German/African American.Conclusion This study on the distribution of HLA-C alleles in Shandong Han population provides valuable references for further studies on the genetics of HLA,cross-match for organ transplantation and other genetic-associated diseases in this population.

Objective To investigate the killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) genes, KIR2DS4 and its variant KIR1D for an association with syphilis in the comparison between syphilis patients and unrelated healthy subjects. Methods One hundred and ninety syphilis patients and 192 unrelated healthy subjects were performed to determine the KIR genotypes by PCR-SSP method. The gene frequencies of KIR2DS4 and KIR1D were analyzed for an association with syphilis in the patients and healthy people who belonged to KIR gene haplotype A. Results Of 192 healthy individuals, 187 were identified with a KIR2DS4 gene. And 91 individuals were classified as homozygous haplotype A with the percent of 48.7% (91/187) in 187 KIR2DS4 positive individuals. Of 190 syphilis patients, 181 were identified with a KIR2DS4 gene. And 89 individuals were classified as homozygous haplotype A with the percent of 49.2% (89/181) in 181 KIR2DS4 positive individuals. The frequency of KIR1D/KIR1D in syphilis patients classified as haplotype A was 16.9%, and was significantly higher than that in the control group (6.6%, P=0.032). However, there was no significant difference for the frequencies of KIR2DS4/KIR2DS4 and KIR2DS4/KIR1D between the two groups (P>0.05). Conclusion KIR1D/KIR1D might be associated with syphilis in the comparison between syphilis patients and unrelated healthy controls who were classified as homozygous haplotype A.

Objective: To identify a novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA) B allele in a Chinese Han individual and construct its three-dimensional structure. Methods: The initial HLA genotyping was performed by PCR-sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT). The ambiguous allele was confirmed with single-strand DNA sequencing. The DNA sequence was analyzed to identify the difference between the novel allele and its closest matching allele. Finally, the three-dimensional molecular structure of the novel allele was constructed using a Swiss-Model. Results: One allele of the subject at the HLA-B locus was B*44: 03: 01, whilst the other was a novel allele which differed from the closest matching allele B*51: 01: 01: 01 by nucleotide (nt) 329 A>C in exon 2, resulting in an amino acid change at codon 86 (p.Asn86Thr). Conclusion A novel HLA-B allele has been identified and officially named as HLA-B*51: 159 by the WHO Nomenclature Committee for Factors of the HLA System. The three-dimensional structure of B*51: 159 was simulated.

Objective To explore the genomic structure of 8 exons in D gene of RhD(-) Chinese Han population.Methods Polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers(PCR-SSP) were used to study genomic DNA from 50 samples of RhD(-) Chinese Han donors. Exons 2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10 of RHD gene and exons 1,2,4,5 of RHCE gene were specifically amplified, also intron 4 of them was amplified. Results Phenotypes of the 50 RhD(-) donors were:22 ccdee, 22 Ccdee, 3 CcdEe, 3 CcdEe. The 8 exons of RHD gene were completely absent in 25 donors with ccdee or ccdEe phenotype, while polymorphisms of D gene exons were found in 25 donors with Ccdee or CcdEe phenotype:the presence of all 8 exons of D gene in 9 donors, the absence of the 8 exons in 7 donors, the presence of exon 2 in 5 donors, the presence of exon 6 in 3 donors and the presence of exons 2,6,10 in 1 donor were demonstrated. Conclusion Polymorphisms of RHD gene exons were present among RhD(-) Chinese Han blood donors. The 8 exons of RHD gene were completely absent in donors with Rhesus cc phenotype, while 5 polymorphisms of RHD gene exons were found in donors with Rhesus Cc phenotype. The discrepancy of the RHD gene in RhD(-) individuals between Chinese Hans and Caucasians indicates that care should be exercised by clinicians in the use of the RhD genotyping results.

OBJECTIVETo confirm 17 rare HLA alleles detected during routine HLA typing and deduce their haplotypes.

METHODSBi-allelic sequence-based typing and Luminex DNA PCR-SSOP assay were applied for the initial or repeat HLA typing, respectively. The rare HLA alleles were confirmed with mono-allelic sequence-based typing. Predicted haplotypes of the rare alleles were inferred based on the frequencies of HLA alleles and haplotypes in Han population.

RESULTSThe authenticity of the total 17 rare HLA alleles was proven, and 18 predicted haplotypes associated with the rare alleles were recognized. A*11:12 and DRB1*13:19 were detected twice among unrelated individuals.

CONCLUSIONStudy of rare HLA alleles and predicted haplotype can provide useful information for donor searching and transplantation, and enrich polymorphisms of HLA in this population.

Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; ethnology ; genetics ; Gene Frequency ; HLA-A Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-B Antigens ; genetics ; HLA-DRB1 Chains ; genetics ; Haplotypes ; Humans

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of rhTNF-alpha on human sperm mitochondrial function and motility in vitro.

METHODSFifty-six semen samples collected by masturbation were analyzed according to WHO protocols. Semen samples from 40 healthy men were prepared using Percoll centrifugation. Sperm suspension was diluted to a concentration of 10 x 10(6)/ml in Ham's F10 medium. Sperm samples were incubated with rhTNF-alpha solution (final concentration 0.03 microg/L, 0.06 microg/L, 0.09 microg/L and 0.27 microg/L, respectively) for 0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 3 h and 4 h at 37 degrees C in 5% CO2, and comparative studies were made with a control group. Ten microl sperm samples were examined with CASA technique, 250 microl stained in the presence of 10 microg/ml Rh123 and PI, and mitochondrial function analyzed by flow cytometry.

RESULTSSignificant differences were found between the experimental groups (final concentration 0.06 microg/L, 0.09 microg/L and 0.27 microg/L) and the control group in viability, straight line velocity, curvilinear velocity, average path velocity, progressive motility of human sperm and the number of spermatozoa with normal mitochondrial function (P < 0.01) except the final concentration 0.03 microg/L group (P > 0.05). Motility of human sperm lowered with the increase of rhTNF-alpha concentration and incubation time, and r values were 0.675, 0.691, 0.762, 0.693, 0.724 and 0.571, 0.594, 0.752, 0.791, 0.816, respectively (P < 0.01). The number of spermatozoa with normal mitochondrial function decreased with the increased rhTNF-alpha concentration and incubation time, and r values were 0.615, 0.643, 0.752, 0.691, 0.754 and 0.532, 0.567, 0.782, 0.692, 0.854, respectively (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONrhTNF-alpha can reduce human sperm motility function in vitro, possibly by interfering with human sperm mitochondrial function.

Adult ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Male ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; physiology ; Recombinant Proteins ; pharmacology ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; pharmacology

Objective:To explore the effect of long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM 10) on the prevalence of diabetes and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Methods:The subjects of the study were from the baseline population of "Jinchang Cohort", and 24 285 subjects were finally included after excluding incomplete home address information and diabetic diagnosis information. The demographic characteristics, lifestyle and health status of the survey subjects were collected through questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory tests. ArcGIS software was used to match the nearest environmental monitoring stations for each subject according to residential address. Two-year average concentrations of PM 10 were calculated to estimate exposure level. The logistic regression and the multiple linear regression were conducted to assess the effects of ambient PM 10 on the prevalence of diabetes and FPG. The restricted cubic spline was used to quantify the dose-response relationship. Stratified analysis and effect modification analysis were also performed. Results:The age of 24 285 participants was (49.32±8.60) years, and the BMI was (24.22±6.09) kg/m 2. There were 13 950 (57.44%) males and 2 066 (8.51%) diabetic patients. After adjusting for confounders, for every 10 μg/m 3 increase in the average PM 10 concentration in the first two years of the survey, the prevalence of diabetes increased [ OR (95% CI) =1.05 (1.01-1.09)]and the FPG level elevated [β (95% CI) = 0.061 (0.047-0.076) mmol/L]. The results of the restricted cubic spline analysis showed a nonlinear relationship between PM 10 concentration and FPG level ( P<0.001). Further subgroup analysis showed that female [ OR (95% CI) =1.10 (1.03-1.18)], people over 50 years old [ OR (95% CI) =1.06 (1.02-1.11) ], subjects with family history of diabetes [ OR (95% CI) = 1.13 (1.04-1.23) ], and with hypertension [ OR (95% CI) = 1.07 (1.02-1.12) ] had a stronger association between the prevalence of diabetes and PM 10 exposure (all P interaction values were<0.05). The effects of PM 10 on FPG were more significant in people older than 50 years[β (95% CI) = 0.080 (0.050-0.109) mmol/L], with family history of diabetes [β (95% CI) = 0.087 (0.036-0.137) mmol/L], and hypertension [β (95% CI) = 0.077 (0.046-0.108) mmol/L] (all P interaction values were<0.05). Conclusions:Long-term exposure to ambient PM 10 increases the diabetes prevalence and FPG. People older than 50 years old, with family history of diabetes and hypertension could be more sensitive to the effects of PM 10 exposure.

Objective:To explore the effect of long-term exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM 10) on the prevalence of diabetes and fasting plasma glucose (FPG). Methods:The subjects of the study were from the baseline population of "Jinchang Cohort", and 24 285 subjects were finally included after excluding incomplete home address information and diabetic diagnosis information. The demographic characteristics, lifestyle and health status of the survey subjects were collected through questionnaire, physical examination and laboratory tests. ArcGIS software was used to match the nearest environmental monitoring stations for each subject according to residential address. Two-year average concentrations of PM 10 were calculated to estimate exposure level. The logistic regression and the multiple linear regression were conducted to assess the effects of ambient PM 10 on the prevalence of diabetes and FPG. The restricted cubic spline was used to quantify the dose-response relationship. Stratified analysis and effect modification analysis were also performed. Results:The age of 24 285 participants was (49.32±8.60) years, and the BMI was (24.22±6.09) kg/m 2. There were 13 950 (57.44%) males and 2 066 (8.51%) diabetic patients. After adjusting for confounders, for every 10 μg/m 3 increase in the average PM 10 concentration in the first two years of the survey, the prevalence of diabetes increased [ OR (95% CI) =1.05 (1.01-1.09)]and the FPG level elevated [β (95% CI) = 0.061 (0.047-0.076) mmol/L]. The results of the restricted cubic spline analysis showed a nonlinear relationship between PM 10 concentration and FPG level ( P<0.001). Further subgroup analysis showed that female [ OR (95% CI) =1.10 (1.03-1.18)], people over 50 years old [ OR (95% CI) =1.06 (1.02-1.11) ], subjects with family history of diabetes [ OR (95% CI) = 1.13 (1.04-1.23) ], and with hypertension [ OR (95% CI) = 1.07 (1.02-1.12) ] had a stronger association between the prevalence of diabetes and PM 10 exposure (all P interaction values were<0.05). The effects of PM 10 on FPG were more significant in people older than 50 years[β (95% CI) = 0.080 (0.050-0.109) mmol/L], with family history of diabetes [β (95% CI) = 0.087 (0.036-0.137) mmol/L], and hypertension [β (95% CI) = 0.077 (0.046-0.108) mmol/L] (all P interaction values were<0.05). Conclusions:Long-term exposure to ambient PM 10 increases the diabetes prevalence and FPG. People older than 50 years old, with family history of diabetes and hypertension could be more sensitive to the effects of PM 10 exposure.

Objective To investigate the results of ambulatory electrocardiographic(ECG)monitoring in a community-based homebound elderly population and to explore the applicability of wearable long-range ambulatory ECG monitor for them.Methods Elderly volunteers were recruited in Shuangbei Community,Shapingba District,Chongqing,from November 2021 to June 2023.A single-lead wearable ambulatory ECG recorder was applied to them to obtain ECG for 7 consecutive days.The adverse reactions,acceptability,monitoring duration,and arrhythmia detection rate during the wearing were described and recorded.Serious arrhythmic events included frequent atrial premature,atrial flutter,atrial fibrillation(AF),frequent ventricular premature,and RR intervals ≥5 s.Results There were 416 individuals enrolled,with a mean age of 71.2±6.6 years,and a male percentage of 36.1％(150 men).Finally,384(92.3％)participants completed the wearing of the ECG monitor for 7 d,with an average time of 159.2±29.4 h.There were 179 participants(48.5％)reporting no discomfort during wearing,and 175 ones(47.4％)feeling itchy at the wearing site.The monitoring results showed that the common arrhythmias were atrial premature contractions(97.1％),premature ventricular contractions(93.3％),atrial tachycardia(84.6％),bradycardia(46.6％),frequent atrial premature contractions(15.1％),ventricular tachycardia(13.2％),and long RR interval(11.8％).Among them,29.1％of the participants experienced serious arrhythmic events,and the detection rate of certain serious arrhythmic events was comparatively higher in the individuals≥70 years of age and those with history of previous cardiac disease.Conclusion The detection rate of common arrhythmias is quite high in the community-based homebound elderly population.A 7-day long-range ambulatory ECG monitoring may be appropriate.

Spinal fusion is a standard operation for treating moderate and severe intervertebral disc diseases. In recent years, the proportion of three-dimensional printing interbody fusion cage in spinal fusion surgery has gradually increased. In this paper, the research progress of molding technology and materials used in three-dimensional printing interbody fusion cage at present is summarized. Then, according to structure layout, three-dimensional printing interbody fusion cages are classified into five types: solid-porous-solid (SPS) type, solid-porous-frame (SPF) type, frame-porous-frame (FPF) type, whole porous cage (WPC) type and others. The optimization process of three-dimensional printing interbody fusion cage and the advantages and disadvantages of each type are analyzed and summarized in depth. The clinical application of various types of 3D printed interbody fusion cage was introduced and summarized later. Lastly, combined with the latest research progress and achievements, the future research direction of three-dimensional printing interbody fusion cage in molding technology, application materials and coating materials is prospected in order to provide some reference for scholars engaged in interbody fusion cage research and application.
Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Degeneration ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; Porosity ; Printing, Three-Dimensional ; Spinal Fusion