We studied and reviewed the PDCA cycle theory related literature, and summarized the research related to PDCA cycle application in the research management in hospitals in china.We also analyzed the present problems and explored future direction of development.

It has been 4 years since Natural Health Products Regulations(NHPRs)was enforced by Health Canada in January of 2004.In the past time,how will it affect the marketed Traditional Chinese Medicines(TCM) in Canadian market? Recently,The two TCM products Carditionic Pill (Fufang Danshen Diwan)and Chaihu Pill from Tasly have been newly certificated by Health Canada recently.Taking them as examples,this article introduces the current status.opportunities and challenges for the regulation of TCM in Canada.and suggests that the domestic TCM corporations push the product registration as soon as possible.

Objective To investigate the value of two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging (STI) in assessing regional myocardial dysfunction and myocardial fibrosis in a mouse model of myocardial infarction.Methods Twenty C57/B6 mice were randomly divided into two groups:myocardial infarction (MI) group (n =10) and sham-operation (SO) group (n =10).Echocardiography was performed four weeks after surgery.High frame rate two dimensional images were recorded in the left ventricular short axis views at the papillary muscle level and analysised at EchoPac workstation.Peak radical strain (PRS) and peak radical strain rate (PRSR) of each segment were measured at systolic period.Percent segmental fibrosis (PSF) was assessed from histological left ventricular cross sections stained by Masson trichrome.Results Compared with SO group,PRS and PRSR decreased significantly in all segments of MI group (P ＜ 0.01),especially in anterosepetal,anterior and lateral segments (P ＜0.05).PSF of anterosepetal,anterior,lateral and posterior segments in MI group increased significantly than those in SO group(P ＜0.01),and were negatively correlated with PRS and PRSR of these segments(r =-0.88,P ＜0.001 ; r =-0.77,P ＜0.001).Conclusions STI could accurately quantify regional myocardial function in a mouse model of myocardial infarction.Segmental radial strain and strain rate measured by STI were significantly correlated with PSF,which can be a non-invasive tool for monitoring myocardial fibrosis after myocardial infarction.

Objective To assess alternations in left ventricular volume and systolic synchrony in patients with frequent premature ventricular complexes(PVCs) from the right ventricular outflow tract(RVOT).Methods Twenty-nine patients with frequent isolated PVCs from RVOT were included and 30 healthy subjects as control.Instantaneous full-volume imaging(IFI) was performed to evaluate left ventricle volumetric parameters,including end-systolic volume (ESV),end-diastolic volume (EDV),stroke volume (SV),ejection fraction (EF),and systolic synchrony parameters,including systolic dyssynchrony index (SDI),dispersion end-systole (DISPES),mean end-systolic time (MES),pre-contraction time volume (PreContr) and post-contraction time volume (PostContr).Contraction front mapping was performed to visualize volumetric contraction sequence.All values of patients with PVCs were recorded during sinus beats (PVC-S) and premature ventricular beats (PVC-V) respectively.Results Significant differences were observed in left ventricular systolic volumetric and synchrony parameters between PVC-V and control subjects (P＜0.01),as well as in MES and PreContr between PVC-S and control subjects (P＜0.01).Conclusions Left ventricular systolic dysynchrony was demonstrated in patients with PVCs from RVOT.IFI was a novel tool to analyze left ventricular global and regional volumetric alternations.

Objective To evaluate the quality of domestic hepatitis C diagnostic reagents objectively,and to build up the quality control systems for assessment of hepatitis Cdiagnostic reagents.Methods4080 serum samples from blood donors were collected and detected with EIA kits.146anti-HCV positive and negative samples were selected and tested repeatedly by two different imported ( Murex and Ortho) and domestic anti-HCV EIA kits(InTec,ZHONGSHAN BIO-TECH,WANTAI and KHB),then confirmed by CHIRON RIBA HCV 3.0 and PCR qualitative reagents.The samples were tested by nucleic acid quantitative assay and the RNA positive samples were detected by genotyping reagents.ResultsThe quality control systems of diagnostic reagents of anti-HCV and HCV RNA were constructed.Each quality control system was consisted of 50 samples,including 20 anti-HCV/HCV RNA positive,20 anti-HCV/HCV RNA negative and 10 diluted specimens for sensitivity evaluation.The positive samples with dominant HCV genotypes in China contained strong,moderate and weak positive samples.The negative samples involved those S/CO value ( signal-to-cutoff ratios ) close to threshold.Conclusion The quality control systems established in this study are suitable for assessment of the new and improved domestic hepatitis C diagnostic reagents.

To study the chemical constituents of Drynariae Rhizoma, nine phenolic acids were isolated from a 70% ethanol extract by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, and semi-preparative HPLC. By spectroscopic techniques including 1H NMR, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, and HR-ESI-MS, these compounds were identified as 4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 3'-imino-di-benzoic acid (1), protocatechuic acid (2), gallic acid (3), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), (E)-caffeic acid (5), ethyl trans-3, 4-dihydroxycinnamate (6), caffeic acid 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7), p-coumaric acid 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), and 23(S)-12-O-caffeoyl-12-hydroxyllauric acid glycerol ester (9), separately. Among them, 1 and 9 are new compounds, and 3, 4, and 6 were isolated from Drynaria species for the first time.

Object: To investigate the effects of Huaiqihuang Granule, a compound Chinese herbal medicine, on expressions of nephrin and podocin of slit diaphragm of glomerular podocytes in rats with adriamycin-induced nephrosis and to explore the mechanism in reducing the proteinuria. Methods: Twenty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: control group, model group, glucocorticoid group, Huaiqihuang Granule group and Huaiqihuang Granule plus glucocorticoid group. The 24-hour urine was collected 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after adriamycin injection respectively to measure 24-hour urinary protein, and all rats were sacrificed after 28-day treatment. Pathological changes in renal tissues were observed under a light microscope and an electron microscope. Expressions of nephrin and podocin mRNAs in renal cortex were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and protein levels of nephrin and podocin were detected by Western blotting. Results: (1) In the model group and the treatment groups, the level of urinary protein increased significantly from the 14th day. (2) Under the light microscope, inflammatory cells and slight fibroplasia were found in renal interstitium of the model group, but there were less inflammatory cells in renal interstitium in the intervention groups than in the model group. Under the electron microscope, 29 days after adriamycin injection, extensive fusion of foot processes was observed. (3) The expressions of nephrin and podocin were higher in treatment groups than in the model group. (4) Proteinuria level was negatively correlated with the expressions of nephrin mRNA and nephrin and podocin proteins. Conclusion: The above results indicate that Huaiqihuang Granule can maintain the integrity of the slid diaphragram in podocyte, alleviate the lesion of glomerular filtration membrane, and decrease the proteinuria by up-regulating the expressions of nephrin and podocin. Huaiqihuang Granule plus glucocorticoid maybe has better effects than glucocorticoid alone.

Objective The purpose of this study was to evaluate effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs (GnRHa) on improvement of predicted adult height (PAH) in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP) initiating treatment at age of eight years or over and analyze its related factors.Methods Forty-nine girls with ICPP aged eight years and over were treated with GnRHa for ( 17.4 ±5.6) months initiating at age of (9.3 ± 0.6) years during 2005 and 2008.They were followed-up every three to six months to evaluate its effects on growth velocity (GV), height standard deviation score for chronological age (HtSDS-CA), height SDS for bone age (HtSDS-BA), PAH, and so on, as well as their related factors.Results PAH increased after GnRHa treatment, from ( 157.7 ± 4.5) cm six months after treatment to ( 159.2 ±4.4) cm 12 months after treatment, and to ( 160.8 ±5.0) cm by the end of treatment from ( 155.5 ±5.1 ) cm at its initiation (P ＜0.01 ).There was significant difference in PAH by the end of treatment and target height (TH) [( 157.6 ±3.4) cm].HtSDS-BA increased since six months after GnRHa treatment, from ( -0.64 ±0.68) six months to ( -0.52 ±0.70) 12 months after it and ( -0.36 ±0.68)by the its end, all significantly different from ( - 0.94 ± 0.68 ) that at the initiation of treatment ( P ＜0.01 ).There was no significant difference in HtSDS-CA before and after treatment.GV decreased from the initiation (6.3 ± 1.3) cm/yr to (4.8 ± 1.5) cm/yr by the end of treatment ( P ＜ 0.01 ).No significant association between PAH and age of the initiation of treatment and between PAH and age by the end of treatment were found (P ＞ 0.05 ).But, PAH reversely correlated with bone age, and positively correlated with HtSDS-CA, HtSDS-BA, GV, TH and length of treatment ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions GnRHa can remarkably improves PAH in girl with ICPP.PAH mainly correlates with HtSDS-BA, TH and GV at the initiation and the end of treatment.

Objective:To investigate the influence of B-lymphocyte chemoattractant on the immune response of CVB3 fusion gene vaccine pcDNA3/C3d3-sVP1.Methods:BALB/c mice were divided into 4 groups randomly, and injected intramuscularly with pcDNA3,pcDNA3/BLC,pcDNA3/C3d3-sVP1 and the combination with the plasmid pcDNA3/BLC and pcDNA3/C3d3-sVP1.At a certain time,they were measured for the titers for neutralizing antibodies,specific CTL cytotoxic activity.The protective efficacy of DNA vaccinations was evaluated by titers of blood viruses and survival rate.Results:The titers for antibodies increased with the time of inoculation.More specifically,the antibody titers (42.17±1.43) and the specific CTL cytotoxic activity (41.3%±3.51%) of the mice in the combination group were remarkably stronger than in the mice with pcDNA3/C3d3-sVP1(P＜0.05),but the virus titers of blood was lower.After lethal CVB3 challenge,the protection of mice from death in the combination group with the plasmid pcDNA3/BLC and pcDNA3/C3d3-sVP1 was 44%.Survival curves indicated that the survive state of combination group was better than others.Conclusion:BLC can strongly enhance the specific immunity induced by C3d3-sVP1.

Objective To investigate the changes of the N-acetylaspartate(NAA) concentrations in different brain regions and executive function skills in alcohol dependence,and to study the relationship between NAA levels and cognitive functions in subjects.Methods 49 male,non-smoking,alcohol-dependent patients and 45 healthy control subjects were measured with Proton 1H Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST).Results Alcoholics had lower NAA/Cr ratios in prefrontal grey matter(GM) (1.59± 0.13) and white matter(WM) (1.58±0.12) regions and performed poorly on executive function tests compared to controls (P＜0.001).NAA/Cr in left prefrontal regions positively correlated with certain parameters of EF testing (number of correct responses 30.37± 3.73,perseverative errors 11.49± 3.39,random errors 6.18± 2.64,categories completed 2.08± 1.59)in alcoholic group (P＜0.01).NAA/Cr in prefrontal WM regions correlated with certain parameters of EF testing in alcoholic group (number of correct responses r=0.379,categories completed r=0.433,P＜ 0.05).Conclusion Long-term,chronic alcoholism will damage neuronal viability and cognitive functions,which suggests that NAA concentrations can reflect the extent of damage of cognitive functions with decreased levels reflecting neuronal loss.