OBJECTIVE:To provide theoretical basis for pharmaceutical enterprises in their choice of suitable e-commerce application modes.METHODS:The options available for pharmaceutical enterprises in regard to e-commerce application modes were introduced and compared,and the influential factors that should be take into consideration in the selection for the pharmaceutical enterprises were studied as well through the method of factor analyses.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:A decision tree has been established for pharmaceutical enterprises in their selection of application modes of e-commerce.

Objective To detect the changes in the expression of discoidin domain receptor 2(DDR2)and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 in different stages of cartilage and synovium damage of osteoarthritis rats.The relation between DDR2 and the degree of cartilage damage was explored.Methods Modified papain knee joint injection approach was adopted to establish animal model of OA.The expression and distribution of protein of DDR2 and MMP-13 were checked in articular cartilage and synovium at different stages of OA.Results The expressions of DDR2 in articular cartilage and synovium of experimental groups were different from those of the normal group (P＜0.01).They were higher in cartilage than those in the corresponding synovium.The expressions of MMP-13 demonstrated the same characteristics with those of DDR2,r=0.93(P＜0.01).Conclusions The important role of DDR2-MMP-13 in cartilage damage has been proven in the pathogenic process of OA.The upregulated expressions of DDR2 in articular cartilage and synovium have a detrimental effect on cartilage degeneration.

Objective To observe the effect of osteopontin (OPN) and integrin αtvβ3 in collageninduced arthritis (CIA) and the possible mechanism of Tripterygium wilfordii polyglycoside (TWP) in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods CIA rats model were developed and were randomly divided into the experimental group and the TWP group.And tissue samples were obtained 4 weeks later.Then the expressions of OPN and integrin αvβ3 in the synovium,synovium fluid and serum of each group were determined by immunohistochemical stain and ELISA.Variance analysis was used for data analysis.Results The concentrations of OPN of the normal controls,experimental group and the TWP group in the serum were (5.7±2.9), (7.8±6.2), (5.0±1.9) ng/ml respectively and there were significant differences between these 3 groups (F=6.74,P=0.016).The concentration of OPN (measured by mean grey value) in the synovium and cartilage of the three groups were 229±15,81±15,93±13 and 211±17,91±19,100±15 and there were significant differences between the three groups (F=52.48,P＜0.01; F=18.98,P=0.01).The concentrations of protein αvβ3 (measured by mean grey value) in the synovium and cartilage were 235±16,91±16,131±14 and 198±10,99±15,113±14,respectively and there were significant differences between the three groups (F=23.03,P=0.002; F=12.04,P=0.008).The expressions of OPN and integrin αvβ3 in the synovium,synovium fluid and serum of the experimental group were markedly higher than that of the controls.The expressions of OPN and integrin αvβ3 in the synovium,synovium fluid and serum of the treatment group were obviously lower than the experimental group.Conclusion OPN and integrin αtvβ3 are involved in the hyperplasia of the synovium,cartilage and bone destruction in CIA rats.The underlying molecular mechanism that TWP is effective in treating synovitis and bone destruction of RA is possibly related to down-regulation of the expression of OPN protein and integrin αvβ3.

Objective To analyze the complete genome sequence of Guangxi HEV isolate swGX32 and to compare it with other HEV isolates. Methods The overlapping fragments of HEV isolate swGX32 were amplified with reverse-transcription nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR),and the 5′ and 3′ ends of viral genome were amplified with rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The PCR products were cloned and sequenced. The sequence and phylogenetic analysis of swGX32 was performed. Results The genome of swGX32 consisted of 7240 nt excluding the polyA tail, with 4 nt overlapping between ORF1 and ORF2. ORF3 is contained in the sequence of ORF2. The complete genome sequence of swGX32 shared identity of 73%-74%, 73%, 74%-75%,83%-94% with HEV genotype 1,2,3 and 4, respectively. Among all these HEV reference sequences, swGX32 showed the highest identity with the human isolate JKO-ChiSai98C (94%). Phylogenetic tree showed that swGX32 belonged to genotype 4 and clustered with JKO-ChiSai98C in the branch of HEV subtype 4a. Conclusion The swine HEV isolate swGX32 is closely related to human strain JKO-ChiSai98C genetically and phylogenetically, which further provides molecular biology evidence of hepatitis E as a zoonosis.

Objective To compare the efficacy and side effects between systemic chemotherapy and hepatic arterial infusion by combination of oxaliplatin and 5-fluorouracil (FOLFOX-6) with 5-fluorouracil in the patients who have developed hepatic metastasis after colorectal cancer operation. The factors that would affect the prognosis without operational treatment were also analyzed. Methods 46patients who had signed the informed consents were allocated into two groups: the group with general chemotherapy (Trial Group includes 26 cases) and the one with hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy (Control Group includes 20 cases). The total effective rate, the prognosis, the cytoxicitic side effects,quality of life, the total survival rate and the responses were the main parameters determined. Kaplan-Meier was used to analyze Mono-factor to the prognostic responses and the Cox mode was used to analyze poly-factor to the prognostic responses. Results The overall survival rate was significantly higher by using systemic treatment versus HAI(median, 15. 0 v 11.2 months;P＜0.05). The difference in overall responsive rate (CR+PR) between the two groups was statistically significant (50% v 10%;P=0. 011). No significant difference was found in PS scale during the treatment. (P=0. 126). Except for myelosuppression and abdominal pain, no significant difference was found in the other side effects. Univariate analysis revealed that the invasive lesions to serosa, the distribution of liver metastases, the size and number of liver metastases, primary carcinoma involving lymph nodes and the treatment were correlated with prognoses. Cox regression analysis showed that the larger diameter of liver metastases, the number of liver lesions, primary carcinomas involved in serosal layer and the treatment modules were independent prognostic factors. Conclusions The oxaliplatin-based FOLFOX-6 chemotherapy regiment has a better responsive rate and survival rate than the traditional infusion with 5-fluorouracil to the main hepatic artery for interventional therapy. The diameter of the hepatic metastasis larger than 5em, multiple hepatic metastasis and the primary lesions penetrating serosal layer suggest the poor prognosis. The oxaliplatin-based systematic chemotherapy has a better prognosis. Therefore,it is worth carrying on further study on modification of traditional hepatic arterial infusion and on evaluation of therapy by combination of the hepatic arterial infusion with the systematic chemotherapy.

ObjectiveTo study the regulatory effect of Tripterygium wilfprdii polyglycoside (TWP) on the expression of EGFR and ErbB-2 induced arthritis rats.The effect of TWP on arthritis was also explored.MethodsAfter the model of CIA rats were established,the expression of EGFR and ErbB-2 in the synovium and articular cartilage were tested by immunohistochemical stain and real time PCR.ANOVA was used for statistical analysis.ResultsThe protein and mRNA expression of EGFR and ErbB-2 in the synovium (EGFR 0.268±0.059,ErbB-2 0.25±0.04,EGFR mRNA:14.2±0.55,ErbB-2 mRNA 23.46±3.64) and articular cartilage (EGFR 0.193±0.018,ErbB-2 0.217±0.033,EGFR mRNA:4.16±0.50,ErbB-2 mRNA 9.23±0.66) of the model group were significantly higher than those of the control group(P＜0.01).After being treated with TWP and MTX,the protein and mRNA expression of the EGFR and ErbB-2 decreased markedly (P＜0.01).Conclusion EGFR and ErbB-2 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of arthritis development.The molecular mechanism that TWP can treat synovitis and bone destruction of RA is related to the inhibition of EGFR and ErbB-2.

Objective To assess the effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on motor and ambulatory function in incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI) patients. Methods 18 incomplete SCI patients (AIS D) were randomized to treatment group (n=10) and control group (n=8). The treatment group received rTMS while the control group received sham stimulation for 2 weeks. All the patients received routine rehabilitation. They were assessed with Lower Extremity Motor Score (LEMS), 10 m Walking Test for Walking Speed, modified Ashworth scale (MAS), Walking Index for SCI Scale II(WISCI II), and Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) before and after treatment, and followed up for 2 weeks after treatment. Results The treatment group significantly improved in LEMS, walking speed, and SCIM after treatment and during follow up (P<0.05), while the control group improved only in SCIM (P<0.05). There was more significant improvement in LEMS in the treatment group than in the control group (P<0.05) after treantment and during follow up. There was no difference between two groups in MAS, walking speed, WISCI II and SCIM. Conclusion rTMS can further improve the motor of lowere limbs for incomplete SCI patients.

Objective To study the SCN1A gene in a family with partial epilepsy with febrile seizures plus ( PEFS+ ) and its characteristics of inheritance. Methods The clinical features of the 2 patients and their father were summarized. All 26 exons of SCN1A gene were screened with denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), and direct sequence analysis was pedormed on those with abnormal elution peak. Pyrosequencing was subsequently performed in those without abnormality in direct sequence analysis. Results The proband and his sister had the phenotype of PEFS+ . The same heterozygous mutations (AS768G) on exon 26 which caused the related amino acid change (Q1923R) were found among them. Their father had frequent febrile seizures (FS) in childhood, and seizures stopped spontaneously. No abnormality was found in direct sequence but mosaic mutation in the same site was discovered with pyrosequencing (mutation quantity was 25% ). Conclusions The mutatin of SCN1A could cause partial epilepsy. PEFS+ could be inherited, the relatives carrying the affected gene may have mild clinical symptoms, possibly resulting from the low concentration of the mutated gene due to mosaic mutation.

Objective To study the sodium channel α1-subunit (SCN1A) gene in a pair of monozygotic twins with borderland severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy (SMEB) and its characteristic of clinical manifestations. Methods The clinical features of 2 monozygotic twins were summarized. All 26 exons of SCNIA genes were screened with denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC), and direct sequence analysis was performed on those with abnormal elution peak. Results The proband and her sister showed typical clinical features of SMEB. The same heterozygous mutations on exon 26 which caused the related amino acid change were found among them (c. 5348C > T, A1783E). Conclusion Monozygotic twins with similar clinical phenotype of SMEB have same SCN1A gene mutation.

Diabetes mellitus is a major predictor of heart failure, although the mechanisms by which the disease causes cardiomyopathy are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to determine whether prolonged exposure of cardiomyocytes to high glucose concentrations induces autophagy and contributes to cardiomyopathy. Interestingly, there were no differences in the autophagic activation produced by different glucose concentrations. However, cell viability was decreased by high glucose. In the diabetic rats, we found a higher level of microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3) expression and a reduction in the size of the left ventricle (LV) (P<0.05) caused by growth retardation, suggesting activated autophagy. Our in vitro findings indicate that hyperglycemic oxidative stress induces autophagy, and our in vivo studies reveal that autophagy is involved in the progression of pathophysiological remodeling of the heart. Taken together, the studies suggest that autophagy may play a role in the pathogenesis of juvenile diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Animals ; Autophagy ; Cardiomyopathies ; Cell Survival ; Diabetes Mellitus ; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies ; Glucose ; Heart ; Heart Failure ; Heart Ventricles ; Hyperglycemia ; Light ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats