Objective To inject PPTA into the cochlea of guinea pigs through scala tympani fenestration ,to study the protective effect of PPTA injection on the cochlear damage induced by gentamicin and mechanism of oxy-gen free radical .Methods Randomly divided were the guinea pigs with normal hearing into three groups :the con-trol group ,GM group and PPTA group .We injected the artificial perilymph 10μl /d into cochlea through scala tym-pani fenestration on control group for 3 days ,injected GM 160 mg · kg -1 · d-1 on GM group for 3 days ,injected the PPTA 10 μl /d into the cochlea through scala tympani fenestration and injected GM 160 mg · kg -1 · d-1 at the same time on PPTA group for 3 days .We tested ABR and analyzed the hearing changes .We tested the OFR level reacted by SOD and GSH of the cochlea tissue .SEM and TEM were performed to observe the change of cell mor-phology .Results For ABR ,the control group was 12 .75 ± 3 .796 ,GM group 28 .230 ± 4 .953 ,PPTA group23 .47 ±9 .211 dB SPL(P<0 .05) .For SOD ,the normal group was 50 .241 ± 9 .080 ,GM group 28 .230 ± 4 .953 ,PPTA group 43 .089 ± 4 .587 U/mgprot(P<0 .05) .For GSH ,the normal group was 3 .03 ± 0 .33 ,GM group 1 .51 ± 0 .13 ,PP-TA group 2 .50 ± 0 .16 Ggsh/L(P<0 .05) .The changes of hair cells of PPTA group were obviously less severe than that of GM group .For TEM ,the changes of spiral ganglion and stria vascularis of PPTA group were obviously less severe than that of GM group .Conclusion Injecting PPTA through scala tympani fenestration can protect cochlea by generating the excess of OFR when confronting against GM .

Objective To study the protective effect of peperphentonamine hydrochloride (PPTA) on the cochlea afferent nerve system damage induced by gentamicin (GM) of guinea pigs. Methods Thirty-six health guinea pigs were randomly divided into three groups:the normal group with saline; GM group with muscle injection of GM [100 mg/(kg·d),14 d] and PPTA group with peritoneal injection of PPTA [10 mg/(kg·d),14 d] on the ABR was analyzed , and the expression of Caspase-3 was tested by Western blot. TUNEL (after coloration)was performed to observe the apoptotic index,and its morphological changes were observed by TEM. Results After trial, the threshold of control group, GM group, PPTA group were 14.58 ± 1.16, 65.95 ± 1.17, 36.13 ± 1.17;the apoptosis index: 1.09 ± 0.14, 23.17 ± 0.88, 8.84 ± 0.49; the Caspase-3:1.09 ± 0.11, 2.55 ± 0.20, 1.67 ± 0.07. There were significantly difference among three groups (P<0.05). Morphological changes: cells apoptosis and the synapase were damaged seriously in GM group; the injury was less serious in PPTA group. Conclusion PPTA plays a protective role on GM-induced cochlea afferent nerve system damage of guinea pigs.

The clinical effect on treatment of diabetic retinopathy with acupuncture plus herbal decoction has been observed. Eighty cases were randomly divided into treatment group and control group by the odd and even serial numbers. Forty cases in the treatment group were treated with needling Taiyang (Ex-HN 5), Yangbai (GB 14) toward Yuyao (Ex-HN 4) and Cuanzhu (BL 2) plus the herbal decoction called Mingmu Wuzi Decoction. Forty cases in the control group were treated with intravenous drip of Venorutin and oral administration of dipyridamole and vitamin E. And the result showed the total effective rate of 92.5% in the treatment group and that of 55.0% in the control group with significant difference (P＜0.01), which suggested that acupuncture plus herbal decoction had better therapeutic effect than western medications alone.

BACKGROUND: Opiate drugs are widely used to control chronic cancer pain, which brings many adverse reactions. Transplantation of sodium alginate-polylysine-alginate microencapsulated bovine adrenal chromaffin cell (BCC) has reported to be used as chronic cancer pain controllers. However, the high price and poor strength of polylysine limited its clinical application. Chitosan is characterized by sufficient resource, low price and good biocompatibility, which is a substitute for polylysine.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of xenotransplantation of sodium alginate-chitosan-alginate (ACA) microencapsulated BCC on patients with advanced cancer pain.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A retrospective case analysis. All cases were obtained from Department of Oncology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University from January 2007 to December 2008.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 10 patients with advanced cancer, including 1 female and 9 males, aged 46-78 years. According to visual algetic mimic scale (VAS), 3 patients suffered moderate pain and 7 cases suffered severe pain.METHODS: Microencapsulation method was applied to encapsulate BCC with ACA membrane and transplant the microencapsulated BCC (5-7)×10~6 into the subarachnoids pace of 10 patients.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The degree of pain release, duration of analgesic effect, as well as adverse reaction.RESULTS: All 10 patients had pain relief rapidly after transplantation in varying degrees. Complete pain relief was shown in 2 cases, medium relief in 1 case, slight relief in 4 cases. Slight irritation of cauda eguina was presented after transplantation, which could disappear within 3-5 days.CONCLUSION: Xenotransplantation of ACA microencapsulated BCC into the spinal subarachnoids pace of patients with cancer pain can produce analgesic effect promptly, significantly, and safely.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA and Fas protein expressions and cochlear ischemia reperfusion injury and investigate the protective mechanism of PPTA against cochlear reperfusion injury.

METHODSSixty-four guinea pigs were randomly divided into normal control group, blank control group, ischemia/reperfusion (by clamping the bilateral vertebral artery and right common carotid artery for 1 h) control group, and ischemia/reperfusion with PPTA treatment group. In PPTA group, PPTA was injected via the femoral vein immediately after reperfusion, and ischemia/reperfusion control group received saline injection. In 6 guinea pigs from each group, the cochlear tissues were removed after 24 h of reperfusion for examination of expressions of IL-1β and TNF-α mRNA by real-time PCR, and the rest animals were used for immunohistochemical detection of Fas protein.

RESULTSCompared with those of normal group and blank control group, the expressions of IL-1β and TNF-β mRNA increased significantly after cochlear ischemia/reperfusion (P<0.001), but were lowered significantly by PPTA (P<0.001). Positive expression of Fas protein expression was detected in the Corti organ, spiral ganglion and stria vascularis in ischemia/reperfusion control group with significantly higher IOD values than those of the other 3 groups (P<0.05). The IOD value showed no significant difference between PPTA-treated group, normal control group, and blank control group (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONSPPTA can suppress the expression of Fas protein and IL-1β and TNF-β mRNAs in the cochlea of guinea pigs with cochlear ischemia/reperfusion. The protective effect of PPTA against cochlear ischemia/reperfusion is mediated probably by inhibition of inflammatory responses and cell apoptosis.

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Cochlea ; blood supply ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Guinea Pigs ; Interleukin-1beta ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Organ of Corti ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; Spiral Ganglion ; metabolism ; Stria Vascularis ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; genetics ; metabolism ; fas Receptor ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the effect of extremely high temperature and high humidity exposure on the survival and blood biochemical indexes of SD rats and the to the major organs .Methods Twenty-six SD rats were divided into the normal tem-perature and humidity group and the extremely high-temperature and high-humidity group .The mortality of SD rats in extremely high-temperature and high humidity environment was observed ,and at the median lethal time ,the living rats were undergoing the tests of serum biochemical indicators and the pathological examination of the heart ,lung ,kidney ,brain ,muscles and intestinal tis-sues .Results The exposure to the extremely high-temperature and high-humidity environment could lead to the death of SD rats , the median lethal time was 48 h .The serum creatinine(Scr) increased significantly(P<0 .05) ,and the serum alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and ischemia modified albumin (IMA) decreased significantly (P<0 .05) when compared with the normal temperature and humidity group ,and there was no significant difference in other biochemical indicators .The inflammatory cell infiltration was ob-served in heart ,lung ,kidney and intestines ,and there were no obvious pathological changes in brain and muscle .Conclusion The exposure to the extremely high-temperature and high-humidity environment has obvious lesion on SD rats ,it can lead to the abnor-mality of some biochemical indicators ,the inflammatory changes in heart ,lung ,kidney and intestines ,and even death .

We investigated the common diseases in patients from village clinics and compared them to those of the general population in rural areas of Jiangsu Province.We found that the treatment rates of chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes mellitus were quite low.Village clinics should play a more active role in health record management,healthcare education,and management of chronic diseases for the farmers.

Objective To investigate the expressions of a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) and epidermal growth factor recepter (EGFR) in human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESC),and to explore their relationship with clinicopathological characteristics.Methods The paraffin specimens in postoperative pathological tissues of 66 ESC patients in the Third People's Hospital of Hefei from January 2013 to December 2017 were selected.Expressions of ADAM17 and EGFR proteins were examined by using immunohistochemistry in 66 cases of ESC tissues and 33 cases of adjacent tissues of the tumors.The relationship of ADAM17 and EGFR with clinicopathological features was analyzed.Kendall method was used to detect the expression correlation of ADAM17 and EGFR.Results The positive rate of ADAM17 protein in ESC tissues was higher than that in the adjacent tissues of the tumors [68.2 ％ (45/66) vs.33.3 ％ (11/33),x2 =10.874,P =0.001].The positive rate of EGFR protein in ESC tissues was higher than that in the adjacent tissues of the tumors [66.7 ％ (44/66) vs.39.4 ％ (13/33),x2 =6.699,P =0.01].The expressions of ADAM17 and EGFR protein were related with ESC pathological TNM staging,infiltration depth,lymph node metastasis (x2 =4.797,4.890,6.089;8.790,8.766,10.154,respectively,all P ＜ 0.05).ADAM17 expression was positively correlated with EGFR protein (r,=0.368,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions ADAM17 and EGFR are highly expressed in human ESC.Besides,ADAM17 and EGFR have the interaction in the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer.Joint detection may help to determine the degree of metastasis and evaluate prognosis.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the safety and effectiveness of direct gastroscopy for detecting gastric cancer.

METHODSClinical screening by direct gastroscopy was performed for gastric cancer (GC) from September 1985 to July 1998. 3048 elderly people were screened. Their age ranged from 60 to 93 years, and 2034 of the 3084 were followed up.

RESULTSNinety-two patients with gastric cancer were discovered by gastroscopy, representing 3.02% of the screened population. The rate of early gastric cancer (EGC) was 63.04% (58/92) of all gastric cancers detected. The rate was up to 79.59% (39/49) on follow-up, and was 74.14% (43/51) in asymptomatic patients with gastric cancer. The excision rate was 88.89% for patients with gastric cancer, and 100% for patients with early gastric cancer. The 5-year survival rate was 91.89% for patients with gastric cancer, and 96.30% for patients with early gastric cancer.

CONCLUSIONClinical screening and follow-up by direct gastroscopy in persons over 60 years of age are a safe and effective method for raising the 5-year survival and detection rate of gastric cancer, especially early gastric cancer.

Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastroscopy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; mortality ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo study the protective effect of peperphentonamine hydrochloride (PPTA) against gentamicin-induced cochlear damage and its mechanism to inhibit cell apoptosis.

METHODSGuinea pigs with normal hearing were randomized into control, gentamicin, and PPTA treatment groups, and the guinea pigs models of gentamicin-induced cochlear damage received intraperitoneal injection of PPTA. The changes of hearing of the guinea pigs were evaluated with auditory brainstem response (ABR) test, and the protein expression of caspase-3 in the cochlear tissue was detected using Western blotting. TUNEL staining, scanning and transmission electron microscopy were performed to observe the morphological changes of the cochlea.

RESULTSThe threshold in ABR in PPTA treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05) but significantly lower than that in gentamicin group. Western blotting showed a significantly increased caspase-3 expression in gentamicin group (P<0.001); caspase-3 expression in PPTA group was obviously higher than that in the control group but much lower than that in gentamicin group (P<0.001). TUNEL assay and electron microscopy revealed serious damages of the hair cells in gentamicin group with numerous apoptotic cells in the organ of Corti, stria vascularis and spiral ganglion, and such cochlear damages were obviously alleviated in PPTA group.

CONCLUSIONPPTA can protect against gentamicin-induced cochlear damage in guinea pigs by decreasing the protein expression of caspase-3 to inhibit cell apoptosis.

3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cochlea ; drug effects ; pathology ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; Gentamicins ; adverse effects ; Guinea Pigs