Sleep is a vital phenomenon of life,the disturbance of which could be associated with a wide range of diseases,such as depression,anxiety,memory loss and hypertension. After years of efforts,pharmacological research of sleep in China has been in line with the pace of international sleep study,especially in the mechanisms of sleep. Our research is beginning to involved in several hot spots of study,such as the relationship between sleep disorders and their comorbidities(PTSD, depression,hypertension,diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases). Attention has also been paid to the research and discovery of novel hypnotic drugs. Despite the gap in sleep research between China and other developed countries,sleep study in China will definitely step into a gold period as well as solve sleep problems for more patients as soon as possible with the joint efforts of researchers and with the increasing attention to healthy sleep.

From December 2011 to August 2017,56 patients with acute abdomen surgery were treated in Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University.The anatomical structure of ileocecal Treves folds was observed during operation,and 15 samples of Treves folds were taken for histological examination.The mean length of the fold was (5.56±0.18)cm for males and (5.22±0.05)cm for female,the width was (1.82± 0.04) cm for males and (1.78 ± 0.06) cm for females;the thickness was (0.18 ± 0.02) cm.HE and verhoeff staining showed that Treves fold was mainly composed of elastic fiber,collagen fiber and smooth muscle with abundant blood supply.Thirty patients were repaired with their own Treves folds,including the fixation with overlay suture to the stump of appendectomy in 26 cases,repairing for perforation of colonic diverticulum in 3 case,and repairing for perforation of colonic diverticulum in 1 case.There were no complications such as fecal fistula,intestinal obstruction and intussusception after operation.The Treves fold has a constant location,which can be used as a clear sign of ileal terminal.It has abundant blood supply,and is suitable for the repair and reconstruction in ileocecal operation.

Objective To summarize the project and fund of Pharmacy Administration from the NSFC during 2010 to 2021 and to provide references for the funding application. Methods The data and relevant documents which related to the projects status of Pharmacy Administration on the website of NSFC were collected and analyzed by Excel. Results There were more paths which were suitable to the Pharmacy Administration in NSFC. The direction and measure were expanded. There were more interdisciplinary researchers involved in Pharmacy Administration projects, while the funded organizations and regional distribution were concentrated. Conclusion The funding situation, research hotspots and basic information of applicants in recent years were summarized through statistical data of NSFC from 2010 to 2021, which suggest that the advantage, regional characteristics, cross-discipline and the policies should be concerned by the applicants .

Objective To explore the conditions for compulsory licensing of pharmaceutical patents and the steps for implementing compulsory licensing of pharmaceutical patents. Methods The current situation and problem of compulsory licensing of pharmaceutical patents in China were analyzed by collecting the relevant laws and regulations in China, United States, India, and the World Trade Organization. The feasible practices of compulsory licensing of pharmaceutical patents among the other countries and organizations were compared. Results China needs to improve the system of compulsory licensing of pharmaceutical patents, clarify the implementation details, strengthen policy guidance, and encourage cooperation between government and enterprises to ensure the smooth implementation in emergency situations. Conclusion Compulsory licensing system and implementation rules in China for pharmaceutical patents should be supplemented and improved by absorbing the useful provisions of international organizations and relevant countries, so as to achieve the pharmaceutical supply in emergency situations and meet the needs of public health.

Objective To explore the ideas and measures to further optimize China’s drug emergency approval system by comparing the drug emergency approval systems in China and other countries. Methods The current situation of China’s drug emergency approval system was analyzed and compared with the relevant systems of the United States, the European Union and Japan. Results The goal of drug emergency approval in other countries is clearly positioned to accelerate the review and listing of urgently needed clinical drugs for the purpose of clinical needs, forming a multi-channel, multi-mode and multi-mechanism priority review system covering the whole process, and the regulatory system is clear, complete, and operable. The corresponding approval system in China started late and is in the stage of continuous improvement, which needs to be improved in terms of system construction, government functions, personnel optimization, and post-market supervision. Conclusion Drug regulatory authorities in China should summarize their past work experience and draw on some feasible approval models and regulatory approaches in foreign countries, further improve the system and process of the drug emergency approval system and enhance the efficiency of drug approval and the ability to protect drugs in response to emergencies.