Objective To investigate the protective effect of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)on the spinal cord in patients with scoliosis and evaluate its buffering effect during gravitational traction surgery and in daily life,so as to provide a theoretical guidance for surgical planning and postoperative rehabilitation of scoliosis.Methods A three-dimensional coupled spinal cord-CSF finite element model was established to simulate the biomechanical responses of the spine under two scenarios:gravitational traction surgery and daily life.Comparative analyses were conducted for conditions with and without CSF,and the buffering effect of CSF was quantitatively assessed.Results During simulated gravitational traction surgery,CSF significantly reduced the stress and deformation of the spinal cord,with the stress in spinal cord white and gray matter decreasing by 65％-90％and deformation decreasing by 70％-95％.In the daily life scenario,CSF provided greater protective effects in lateral flexion and anterior-posterior flexion directions,with stress reductions of 60％-85％.However,in torsion,the buffering effect of CSF was relatively weaker,with stress reductions of only 10％-25％.Conclusions CSF significantly reduces spinal cord stress and deformation during gravitational traction surgery and in daily life,reducing the risk of injury.

Objective To explore the clinical features of fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM). Methods The clinical data of 6 patients with FT1DM who were hospitalized in Jinshan Hospital of Fudan University from April 2020 to August 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Their data were compared with that of 30 patients diagnosed with non-fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (NFT1DM) and diabetic ketosis or diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) who were admitted to the hospital during the same period. The clinical characteristics of FT1DM were summarized. Results All 6 patients with FT1DM were male, with a disease course of 2.00 (1.75, 4.00) d. Three cases exhibited a history of prior infection, four tested positive for glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GADA), and five developed severe DKA. The glycated hemoglobin A_1C (HbA_1C) was (6.30±0.67) %, fasting C-peptide (FCP) was 0.07 (0.03, 0.15) ng/mL, 2-hour postprandial C-peptide (2h-CP) was 0.09 (0.03, 0.16) ng/mL. At discharge, all 6 patients received 4-injection insulin regimen, with a dose (0.69±0.15) U·kg⁻¹·d⁻¹. The body mass index (BMI), blood glucose/HbA_1C, blood potassium/HbA_1C, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose (2h-PG), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), serum creatinine, and blood potassium levels in the FT1DM group were higher than those in the NFT1DM group (P＜0.05), while HbA_1C and glycated albumin (GA) levels were lower than NFT1DM group (P＜0.05). Conclusions FT1DM usually presents with an acute onset of DKA, may be accompanied by a history of preceding infection, and GADA can be positive. Patients with FT1DM have elevated blood glucose/HbA_1C, blood potassium/HbA_1C, FPG, 2h-PG, hs-CRP, ALT, serum creatinine, blood potassium levels, and require insulin therapy, while the HbA_1C and GA levels are lower.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)on the spinal cord in patients with scoliosis and evaluate its buffering effect during gravitational traction surgery and in daily life,so as to provide a theoretical guidance for surgical planning and postoperative rehabilitation of scoliosis.Methods A three-dimensional coupled spinal cord-CSF finite element model was established to simulate the biomechanical responses of the spine under two scenarios:gravitational traction surgery and daily life.Comparative analyses were conducted for conditions with and without CSF,and the buffering effect of CSF was quantitatively assessed.Results During simulated gravitational traction surgery,CSF significantly reduced the stress and deformation of the spinal cord,with the stress in spinal cord white and gray matter decreasing by 65％-90％and deformation decreasing by 70％-95％.In the daily life scenario,CSF provided greater protective effects in lateral flexion and anterior-posterior flexion directions,with stress reductions of 60％-85％.However,in torsion,the buffering effect of CSF was relatively weaker,with stress reductions of only 10％-25％.Conclusions CSF significantly reduces spinal cord stress and deformation during gravitational traction surgery and in daily life,reducing the risk of injury.

Objective:To evaluate the role of tubulin tyrosin ligase like-6 (TTLL6)-mediated microtubule polyglutamylation and Spastin(a microtubule cleaving protein)-induced excessive microtubule cleavage in the developmental impairment of dendritic spines in neonatal mice following repeated sevoflurane anesthesia, by utilizing TTLL6 conditional knockout mice.Methods:Fifty SPF female TTLL6 brain tissue-specific knockout (TTLL6 CKO: Camk2-Cre + ; TTLL6 f/f) and fifty control (TTLL6 CON: TTLL6 f/f) mice with C57BL/6J background, aged 6 days old were selected.TTLL6 CKO mice were divided into TTLL6 CON control group and TTLL6 CON sevoflurane group, and TTLL6 CKO mice were divided into TTLL6 CKO control group and TTLL6 CKO sevoflurane group, with 25 mice in each group by random block method.Mice in the sevoflurane groups were exposed to 3% sevoflurane with 60% O 2 for 2 hours daily on postnatal days 6, 8, and 10.The mice in control groups received only 60% O 2 under the same condition.The polyGlu-Tubulin and postsynaptic density 95(PSD95) protein expression were detected using Western blot. The expressions of TTLL6, Spastin, and α-Tubulin were assessed via immunofluorescence.Golgi staining and electron microscopy were employed to observe the density of hippocampal dendritic spines and synaptic conditions. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate spatial memory capabilities. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0 software. Results:(1) Behavioral results showed significant time and group interactions among the four groups in terms of latency to find the platform ( F=8.22, P<0.001).Mice in the TTLL6 CON sevoflurane group had a significantly longer escape latency on days 3-7 compared with the TTLL6 CON control group (all P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the TTLL6 CKO sevoflurane group and the TTLL6 CKO control group (all P>0.05). The number of platform crossings differed significantly among the four groups ( H=11.95, P=0.007).The TTLL6 CON sevoflurane group had significantly fewer crossing times than the TTLL6 CON control group ( P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the TTLL6 CKO sevoflurane group and the TTLL6 CKO control group ( P>0.05). (2) Golgi staining and electron microscopy results revealed significant differences in dendritic spine density and synapse number among the four groups( F=29.00, 41.94, both P<0.001). The dendritic spine density ((5.83±0.40)/10 μm) and the number of synapses ((3.67±0.58)/10 μm) in the TTLL6 CON sevoflurane group were both significantly lower than those in the TTLL6 CON control group ((12.87±1.70)/10 μm, (9.33±0.57)/10 μm)(both P<0.05). In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference between the TTLL6 CKO sevoflurane group and TTLL6 CKO control group (both P>0.05). (3) Immunofluorescence results showed significant differences in the percentage of TTLL6 and Spastin and α-Tubulin co-expressed positive cells in the CA3 region of the hippocampus among the four groups of mice ( F=215.20, 26.08, both P<0.001). The percentage of TTLL6 and Spastin and α-Tubulin co-expressed positive cells in the TTLL6 CON sevoflurane group ((16.75±1.81) %, (47.98±8.42) %) were significantly higher than those in the TTLL6 CON control group ((2.44±0.58) %, (20.07±4.54) %)(both P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference between the TTLL6 CKO sevoflurane group and TTLL6 CKO control group ( P>0.05). (4) Western blot results indicated significant differences in the expression of polyGlu-Tubulin and PSD95 proteins in the hippocampal tissue among the four groups of mice ( F=19.66, 8.57, both P<0.001). The TTLL6 CON sevoflurane group had higher polyGlu-Tubulin expression (0.86±0.19) and lower PSD95 expression (0.61±0.13) compared to the TTLL6 CON control group (0.51±0.11, 1.01±0.07) (both P<0.05).However, there was no significant difference between the TTLL6 CKO sevoflurane group and the TTLL6 CKO control group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism underlying long-term cognitive impairment in developing brain of neonatal mice caused by repeated sevoflurane anesthesia may relate to the upregulation of TTLL6-induced microtubule polyglutamylation and accelerated Spastin-mediated microtubule severing, which ultimately leads to abnormal dendritic spine development.

Objective:To investigate tetanus antibody levels and distribution characteristics in a healthy population of Henan Province.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Henan Province from 2022 to 2023 to investigate the permanent population. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti-tetanus toxoid IgG antibody (anti-TT), and the positive rate (≥0.01 IU/ml), protection rate (≥0.1 IU/ml) and concentration differences of tetanus antibodies in different populations were analyzed.Results:The age M ( Q1, Q3) of 5 494 participants was 14 (4, 40) years old, with a minimum age of 8 months and a maximum age of 81 years old. The male-to-female ratio was 1.00∶1.18. The total positive rate, protective rate and mean concentration (MC) [ M ( Q1, Q3)] of Anti-TT were 76.48%, 41.72% and 0.067 (0.010, 0.154) IU/ml, respectively. The positive rates of Anti-TT in individuals aged <3, 3-5, 6-9, and 10-14 were 95.32%, 96.05%, 97.81%, and 93.17%, respectively, but gradually decreased with age ( χ2trend=1 283.02, P<0.001). The antibody protection rate [82.13% (579/705)] and MC [ M ( Q1, Q3) of 0.160 (0.122, 0.259) IU/ml] in the population under 3 years old were relatively high, and both showed a decreasing trend with age (protection rate: χ2trend=1 889.49, P<0.001; MC: t=-54.22, P<0.001). There were significant differences in antibody levels among populations of different ages, regions, occupations, and immunization histories (all P<0.001). Within 13 years after the last dose of TTCV vaccination, the positive rate of Anti-TT was all greater than 90%, but the protection rate and MC continued to decrease with the prolongation of vaccination time (protection rate: χ2trend=160.58, P<0.001; MC: t=-14.93, P<0.001). After the last dose of vaccination, the protection rate and MC [ M ( Q1, Q3)] decreased to 30.43% and 0.055 (0.036, 0.115) IU/ml, respectively, for 10-13 years. The protection rates of Anti-TT for farmers, workers, people aged 60 and above, and women of childbearing age (20-45 years old) were 7.77%, 22.96%, 8.39%, and 12.72%, respectively. Conclusion:The level of tetanus antibodies in infants and young children in Henan Province is relatively high from 2022 to 2023, but it decreases with age and prolonged post-immunization time. There are significant differences in antibody levels among individuals of different ages, regions, occupations, and immunization histories. Occupational high-risk groups such as farmers and workers, elderly people, and women of childbearing age lack sufficient immunization protection.

In February 2025, a local cluster outbreak caused by the D8 genotype Measles virus (MV) was first discovered in Henan Province. Epidemiological investigations and laboratory testing were conducted, including the collection of serum and throat swabs for MV IgM antibody and nucleic acid detection, virus isolation and genetic homology analysis. Measures such as close contact tracing, vaccination rate assessment and supplementary immunization activities were implemented, successfully preventing broader community transmission. A total of three cases were reported during the outbreak, including one imported-related adolescent and two secondary local adult cases. All cases presented with typical symptoms such as fever and rash. Both adult cases were complicated by pneumonia, with one case developing into severe pneumonia. MV genotyping showed that the two secondary cases were both the D8 genotype, with the viral sequences being completely homologous to the Kazakhstan strain. Among the close contacts, 98.2% were adults, and 142 individuals received emergency vaccination.

Objective:To evaluate the role of tubulin tyrosin ligase like-6 (TTLL6)-mediated microtubule polyglutamylation and Spastin(a microtubule cleaving protein)-induced excessive microtubule cleavage in the developmental impairment of dendritic spines in neonatal mice following repeated sevoflurane anesthesia, by utilizing TTLL6 conditional knockout mice.Methods:Fifty SPF female TTLL6 brain tissue-specific knockout (TTLL6 CKO: Camk2-Cre + ; TTLL6 f/f) and fifty control (TTLL6 CON: TTLL6 f/f) mice with C57BL/6J background, aged 6 days old were selected.TTLL6 CKO mice were divided into TTLL6 CON control group and TTLL6 CON sevoflurane group, and TTLL6 CKO mice were divided into TTLL6 CKO control group and TTLL6 CKO sevoflurane group, with 25 mice in each group by random block method.Mice in the sevoflurane groups were exposed to 3% sevoflurane with 60% O 2 for 2 hours daily on postnatal days 6, 8, and 10.The mice in control groups received only 60% O 2 under the same condition.The polyGlu-Tubulin and postsynaptic density 95(PSD95) protein expression were detected using Western blot. The expressions of TTLL6, Spastin, and α-Tubulin were assessed via immunofluorescence.Golgi staining and electron microscopy were employed to observe the density of hippocampal dendritic spines and synaptic conditions. The Morris water maze test was used to evaluate spatial memory capabilities. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0 software. Results:(1) Behavioral results showed significant time and group interactions among the four groups in terms of latency to find the platform ( F=8.22, P<0.001).Mice in the TTLL6 CON sevoflurane group had a significantly longer escape latency on days 3-7 compared with the TTLL6 CON control group (all P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the TTLL6 CKO sevoflurane group and the TTLL6 CKO control group (all P>0.05). The number of platform crossings differed significantly among the four groups ( H=11.95, P=0.007).The TTLL6 CON sevoflurane group had significantly fewer crossing times than the TTLL6 CON control group ( P<0.05), but no significant difference was observed between the TTLL6 CKO sevoflurane group and the TTLL6 CKO control group ( P>0.05). (2) Golgi staining and electron microscopy results revealed significant differences in dendritic spine density and synapse number among the four groups( F=29.00, 41.94, both P<0.001). The dendritic spine density ((5.83±0.40)/10 μm) and the number of synapses ((3.67±0.58)/10 μm) in the TTLL6 CON sevoflurane group were both significantly lower than those in the TTLL6 CON control group ((12.87±1.70)/10 μm, (9.33±0.57)/10 μm)(both P<0.05). In contrast, there was no statistically significant difference between the TTLL6 CKO sevoflurane group and TTLL6 CKO control group (both P>0.05). (3) Immunofluorescence results showed significant differences in the percentage of TTLL6 and Spastin and α-Tubulin co-expressed positive cells in the CA3 region of the hippocampus among the four groups of mice ( F=215.20, 26.08, both P<0.001). The percentage of TTLL6 and Spastin and α-Tubulin co-expressed positive cells in the TTLL6 CON sevoflurane group ((16.75±1.81) %, (47.98±8.42) %) were significantly higher than those in the TTLL6 CON control group ((2.44±0.58) %, (20.07±4.54) %)(both P<0.05), while there was no statistically significant difference between the TTLL6 CKO sevoflurane group and TTLL6 CKO control group ( P>0.05). (4) Western blot results indicated significant differences in the expression of polyGlu-Tubulin and PSD95 proteins in the hippocampal tissue among the four groups of mice ( F=19.66, 8.57, both P<0.001). The TTLL6 CON sevoflurane group had higher polyGlu-Tubulin expression (0.86±0.19) and lower PSD95 expression (0.61±0.13) compared to the TTLL6 CON control group (0.51±0.11, 1.01±0.07) (both P<0.05).However, there was no significant difference between the TTLL6 CKO sevoflurane group and the TTLL6 CKO control group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism underlying long-term cognitive impairment in developing brain of neonatal mice caused by repeated sevoflurane anesthesia may relate to the upregulation of TTLL6-induced microtubule polyglutamylation and accelerated Spastin-mediated microtubule severing, which ultimately leads to abnormal dendritic spine development.

Objective:To investigate tetanus antibody levels and distribution characteristics in a healthy population of Henan Province.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Henan Province from 2022 to 2023 to investigate the permanent population. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect anti-tetanus toxoid IgG antibody (anti-TT), and the positive rate (≥0.01 IU/ml), protection rate (≥0.1 IU/ml) and concentration differences of tetanus antibodies in different populations were analyzed.Results:The age M ( Q1, Q3) of 5 494 participants was 14 (4, 40) years old, with a minimum age of 8 months and a maximum age of 81 years old. The male-to-female ratio was 1.00∶1.18. The total positive rate, protective rate and mean concentration (MC) [ M ( Q1, Q3)] of Anti-TT were 76.48%, 41.72% and 0.067 (0.010, 0.154) IU/ml, respectively. The positive rates of Anti-TT in individuals aged <3, 3-5, 6-9, and 10-14 were 95.32%, 96.05%, 97.81%, and 93.17%, respectively, but gradually decreased with age ( χ2trend=1 283.02, P<0.001). The antibody protection rate [82.13% (579/705)] and MC [ M ( Q1, Q3) of 0.160 (0.122, 0.259) IU/ml] in the population under 3 years old were relatively high, and both showed a decreasing trend with age (protection rate: χ2trend=1 889.49, P<0.001; MC: t=-54.22, P<0.001). There were significant differences in antibody levels among populations of different ages, regions, occupations, and immunization histories (all P<0.001). Within 13 years after the last dose of TTCV vaccination, the positive rate of Anti-TT was all greater than 90%, but the protection rate and MC continued to decrease with the prolongation of vaccination time (protection rate: χ2trend=160.58, P<0.001; MC: t=-14.93, P<0.001). After the last dose of vaccination, the protection rate and MC [ M ( Q1, Q3)] decreased to 30.43% and 0.055 (0.036, 0.115) IU/ml, respectively, for 10-13 years. The protection rates of Anti-TT for farmers, workers, people aged 60 and above, and women of childbearing age (20-45 years old) were 7.77%, 22.96%, 8.39%, and 12.72%, respectively. Conclusion:The level of tetanus antibodies in infants and young children in Henan Province is relatively high from 2022 to 2023, but it decreases with age and prolonged post-immunization time. There are significant differences in antibody levels among individuals of different ages, regions, occupations, and immunization histories. Occupational high-risk groups such as farmers and workers, elderly people, and women of childbearing age lack sufficient immunization protection.

In February 2025, a local cluster outbreak caused by the D8 genotype Measles virus (MV) was first discovered in Henan Province. Epidemiological investigations and laboratory testing were conducted, including the collection of serum and throat swabs for MV IgM antibody and nucleic acid detection, virus isolation and genetic homology analysis. Measures such as close contact tracing, vaccination rate assessment and supplementary immunization activities were implemented, successfully preventing broader community transmission. A total of three cases were reported during the outbreak, including one imported-related adolescent and two secondary local adult cases. All cases presented with typical symptoms such as fever and rash. Both adult cases were complicated by pneumonia, with one case developing into severe pneumonia. MV genotyping showed that the two secondary cases were both the D8 genotype, with the viral sequences being completely homologous to the Kazakhstan strain. Among the close contacts, 98.2% were adults, and 142 individuals received emergency vaccination.

Objective To evaluate the optimal traction amount for treating scoliosis using halo pelvic ring traction(HPRT)and provide theoretical references for clinical surgical assessment and rehabilitation.Methods A three-dimensional(3D)model of the thoracolumbar spine including the spinal cord was created and validated.Five traction amounts(10,15,20,25,30 mm)were applied to the model.The biomechanical responses of the spine under different traction conditions were simulated to determine the optimal amount of traction.Results As the traction increased,the Cobb angle decreased progressively.Significantly,in the range of 15-20 mm,the reduction in Cobb angle accounted for 50%-70.5%of the maximum reduction.The spinal stress at the main curvature represented 47.4%-67.5%of the maximum stress.Meanwhile,the stresses in the gray and white matter of the spinal cord were 70.3%-84.5%and 68.8%-83.9%of their respective maximum stresses.Conclusions The traction amounts between 15 mm and 20 mm are optimal for treating scoliosis.This range maximizes the Cobb angle correction while maintaining lower stress levels and thereby,reduces the risk of damage to the spine and spinal cord.