Objective To evaluate clinical applications of CT virtual endoscopy. Methods 60 patients were examined with CTVE includes various body cavities such as air way, digestive tract, nose, pharynx, larynx and vessel. All cases were examined with spiral CT, then transferod the source images to work station dealt with special soft-ware package imitated the examination of fiberoptie endoscopy, some ses were compared with real fiberoptic endoscopy. Results In 30 cases of CT virtual bronchoscopy, all segmental and parts of sub-segm tal bronchi were showed clearly, CTVE could reveal stenosis and bronchi occlusions in 20 patients with pulmonary carcinoma, but missed mucosal metastasis infitration and details in surface of mass showed with bronchiscopy. Digestive tract{ n = 20)CTVE also well revealed mid late carcinoma in stomach and colon { n = 8) , but missed small polypus (n = 1) and stomach ulcer{ n = 2). In 7 cases of nasopharynx and ynx CTVE, carcinoma of nasopharynx (n = 1) and carcinoma of larynx (n = 2) can clearly displayed. Vascular CTVE (n = 3) could display derails of aneurysm, such as the site of the entry tear, false lumen, neck and lumen of aneurysm. Conclusion CTVE plays an important role in the diagnosis of diseases body cavities.

Objective To evaluate clinical applications of CT virtual endoscopy. Mathods 60 patients were examined with CTVE includes various body cavities such as air way , digestive tract, nose, pharynx,larynx and vessel. All cases were examined with spiral CT, then transfered the source images to work station dealt with special soft - ware package imitated the examination of fiberoptic endoscopy,some cases were compared with real fiberoptic endoscopy. Results In 30 cases of CT virtual bronchoscopy,all segmental and parts of sub - segmental bronchi were showed clearly, CTVE could reveal stenosis and bronchi occlusions in 20 patients with pulmonary carcinoma,but missed mucosal metastasis infitration and details in surface of mass showed with bronchiscopy. Digestive tract(n = 20) CTVE also well revealed mid and late carcinoma in stomach and colon (n = 8), but missed small polypus(n =1) and stomach ulcer(n = 2). In 7 cases of nasopharynx and larynx CTVE, carcinoma of nasopharynx(n =1) and carcinoma of larynx(n = 2) can clearly displayed. Vascular CTVE (n = 3) could display the details of aneurysm, such as the site of the entry tear,false lumen, neck and lumen of aneurysm. Conclusion CTVE plays an important role in the diagnosis of diseases body cavities.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and safety of minimally invasive pereutaneous nephro-lithotomy(MPCNL) in treating impacted upper ureteral calculi. Methods 50 cases with impacted upper ureteral cal-culi treted with MPCNL were analyzed retrospectively. Results All cases were rendered stone free at one session, clearance rate was 100%, 1 case required transfusion,no other major complications was observed. Conclusion MPC-NL was safe and effective in treating impacted upper ureteral calculi with a high clearance rate.

0.05). Conclusion Mb-MGM have good properties of drug-targeting and sustained drug releasing properties. Mb-MGM could be used for targeting spinal cord dorsal ganglia for nerve blocking after being injected into the subarachnoid space and under effect of magnet. The motor function is not affected.

Objective To study the changes in somatosensory evoked potential caused by injection of adriamycin magnetic gelatin microspheres into subarachnoid space of rabbits. Methods Thirty rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups: sham operation group (group S), gelatin microspheres 5mg (group C1), 15mg of gelatin microsphere (group C2) controlled groups, and adriamycin microspheres 5mg (group A1) and 15mg (group A2) groups. Under the effect of magnet, microspheres were injected into the subarachnoid space of rabbits. The pain threshold of electronic stimulation, motor function of rabbits′ hinder limbs and somatosensory evoked potential (SEP) were observed continuously. Results Obvious rise of pain threshold was found in group A2 (P

Objective To compare the analgesic effects between methylene blue and adriamycin magnetic gelatin microballoons on blocking the cornu dorsale medullae spinalis of rabbit,and to investigate its mechanism.Methods 40 rabbits were randomly divided into 7 groups including sham operation group,gelatin microballoon controlled group(5mg and 15mg),methylene blue microballoon group(5mg and 15mg)and adriamycin microballoon group(5mg and 15mg).Under the guide of magnet,microballoons were infused into subarachnoid space of rabbits.The pain threshold of electronic stimulation and motor function of rabbits' hind limbs were observed continuously.The somatosensory evoked potential was recorded.Results The pain threshold was raised obviously(P

BACKGROUND:Percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy combined with radiofrequency annuloplasty is a minimaly invasive therapy for chronic discogenic low back pain, especialy suitable for lumbar disc herniation. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the safety and short-term efficacy of percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy combined with radiofrequency annuloplasty for treatment of lumbar disc herniation. METHODS:Thirty-two patients with lumbar disc herniation were subjected to percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy combined with radiofrequency annuloplasty. Visual analogue scale and modified Macnab criteria were used to evaluate the relief of low back pain, and the Oswestry Disability Index was used for daily life evaluation of patients. Al the patients were folowed for 1-6 months, with an average of 3.5 months. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The operation was successfuly completed in al patients, and no complications such as damage to nerve and vascular systems occurred. Low back pain and living ability of the patients were improved obviously. Visual analog scale score and the Oswestry Disability Index were improved significantly after operation (P < 0.01); according to Macnnab's criteria, the results showed that at 1 week after the operation, the effective rate reached 94%; at 3 months after the operation, the effective rate was up to 97%. These findings indicate that percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy combined with radiofrequency annuloplasty in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation is confirmed in the short-term efficacy, and characterized as fewer complications and stable functional recovery.

Objective To improve the level of diagnosis and treatment for Ureter behind Lower Vena Cava.Methods 11 cases of Ureter behind Lower Vena Cava patients′clinical information have been reviewed and analysed.The main symptom for these patients include waist ache,right kidney colic,hematuria and so on.Through visualizating on vein urinary passage,pelvis visualizating conversely and so on,a correct diagnosis can be gained mostly.Results As for 11 cases of patients who have been done ureteroureteral anastomsis,based on respective follow-up visit conducted during 1 to 10 years,their clinical symptom have disappeared,for example,right kidney hydrocele are mending well,ureter becomes smooth and kidney function normal.Conclusion Visualizating on vein urinary passage and pelvis visualizating conversely will bring mostly a correct diagnosis.When it is difficult to diagnose,a correct diagnosis can be obtained by combining such visualization with MRU or CT inspection.Surgical is a top choice for such patients,and can bring a satifactory effect.

Objective To improve the imaging diagnosis and differential diagnosis of non-epithelial ovarian tumor.Methods 34 patients with non-epithelial ovarian tumor confirmed by pathology were analyzed retrospectively.The image features of each patients were analyzed and compared with surgical pathology.Results The results exhibited 13 cases of teratoma,6 cases of ovarian granulosa cell tumor, 6 cases of ovarian fibroma, 5 cases of thecoma, 2 cases of dysgerminoma,and 2 cases of endodermal sinus tumor.All kinds of non-epithelial ovarian tumors had its imaging manifestations and clinical features.Conclusion Non-epithelial ovarian tumors have certain characteristic CT and MR performance,and combining the onset age,clinical symptoms and biochemical examination,can make the qualitative diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the correlation between arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2 )and end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (PET CO2 )in prone position operation and calculate the value of PaCO2 according to the PET CO2 .Methods Forty patients with ASA Ⅰ orⅡ undergoing spinal surgery were selected,and the values of PaCO2 and PET CO2 as basic value (T0 ) after induction of general anesthesia in supine position monitor and record the value of PET CO2 and PaCO2 in prone position after 30 min (T1 ),60 min (T2 )and 90 min (T3 ).The correlation between PaCO2 and PET CO2 in each time point were analyzed,and the equation of PaCO2 (y)and PET CO2 (x) with curve fitting and difference of PaCO2 and PET CO2 were calculated.Results There was significant correlation between PaCO2 and PET CO2 in the supine and prone position,their correlation coefficients were r 0 =0.84,r 1 =0.88,r 2 =0.84,r 3 =0.82 (P <0.01).The Pa-ET CO2 was (5.3±2.1)(T0 )in supine position and (6.6± 2.1 )mm Hg (T1 ),(5.8 ± 2.2 )mm Hg (T2 ),(5.9 ± 2.1 )mm Hg (T3 )in prone position.The equation in each time point PaCO2 (y)and PET CO2 (x)were y0 =1.1 x0 +2.5,y1 =1.1 x1 +2.3,y2 =1.1 x2 +2.4,y3 =1.1 x3 +4.6,and the Pa-ET CO2 was 3.7-8.7 mm Hg. There was no significant difference between PaCO2 and PET CO2 at T1-T3 .Conclusion Whenever in prone position or supine position,PET CO2 and PaCO2 have significant correlation in prone position and supine position.The overall range of Pa-ET CO2 is 3.7-8.7 mm Hg,and the PET CO2 can be as indica-tor to estimate PaCO2 in prone position.