0. 05). Conclusion: Venlafaxine XR is effective and safe in the treatment of elderly depression.

Objective To investigate the effect of solifenacin and epalrestat combination therapy on type 2 diabetes complicated with overactive bladder (OAB).Methods A total of 80 patients with T2DM and OAB were randomly divided into three groups:control group (Con group,n=24),epalrestat group (n=29),and solifenacin combines epalrestat group (n=27).Con group was treated with conventional therapy such as routine bladder training,anti-hyperglycemic,anti-hypertensive,lipid lowering treatment,and nerve nutrition.Epalrestat group was treated with epalrestat 50 mg,3/d orally on the basis of conventional treatment.Solifenacin group was treated with solifenacin 5 mg,1/d,and epalrestat 50 mg,3/d orally.All the subjects were followed up for 12 weeks.Voiding diary,OAB self rating scale (OABSS) score,maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax),average urinary flow rate (Qave),and urine volume(VV) were recorded.Results The daily micturition frequency in 24h,times of nocturia,urgency,frequency,and urinary incontinence,and OABSS scores were lower,while Qmax,Qave,and VV were higher in solifenacin group than in Con group and epalrestat group (P<0.05).The OABSS scores were lower while VV was higher in epalrestat group than in Con group (P<0.05).The total effective rate was higher in solifenacin group than in Con group and epalrestat group (92.6% vs 69% vs 41.7%,P<0.05).Conclusion Solifenacin and epalrestat combination therapy was effective in treating patients with T2DM and OAB.

Objective To investigate the differences of background in anxiety neurosis and obsessive－ compulsive disorder,and their suicide rate and comorbidity.Method 68 anxiety neuroses and 62 obsessive－ compulsive disorders were investigated by the selfconstructed scule.Rusult Age of onset,style of onset,marriage and education were significantly differences between anxiety neurosis and obsessive－ compulsive disorder(P< 0.01～ 0.001).The rates of suicide behavior and suicide intent in anxiety neurosis and obsessive－ compulsive disorder were 10.3％ and obsessive－ compulsive disorder with depressive disorders were 70.6％ and 35.5％ respectively.Conclusion Anxiety neurosis and obsessive－ compulsive disorder two different disorders,they had higher suicide rates and comorbidity.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of tacrolimus (FK506) on macrophage accumulation,proliferation and activation in the kidney of early diabetic rats and to explore its possible mechanism of renal protection.Methods Rats were randomly divided into control,model and tacrolimus groups.Diabetic model rats were induced with intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin.Tacrolimus(0.5 or 1.0 mg·kg-1 ·d-1) was orally administered once a day for 4 weeks.Kidney weight index(KWI),24-h urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER) and creatinine clearance rate(Ccr) were measured.Kidney pathology was observed by light microscopy.ED-1,PCNAandiNOSpositivemacrophagesweredetectedbysingleanddoublestainingof immunohistochemistry.Results KWI increased in model group and was significantly reduced by tacrolimus treatment with 1.0 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 (P＜0.05).UAER elevated in model group and was markedly attenuated by tacrolimus treatment with 0.5 and 1.0 mg·kg-1 ·d-1 (P＜0.05).Elevated glomerular volume of model rats was significantly decreased by tacrolimus treatment with 0.5 and 1.0 mg·kg-1·d-1 (P＜0.05),and increased indices of tubulointerstitial injury were only ameliorated by 1.0 mg·kg-1·d-1 tacrolimus(P＜0.01).Marked accumulation of ED-1+ cells in diabetic kidney was found,which was not inhibited by tacrolimus treatment with 0.5 and 1.0 mg·kg-1·d-1.ED-1PCNA+ cells and ED-1+ iNOS+ cells were significantly elevated in kidneys of model group,while they were significantly inhibited by tacrohmus treatment with 0.5 and 1.0 mg·kg-1·d-1 (P＜0.01).Conclusion Tacrolimus can ameliorate early renal injury of diabetic rats and its mechanism may be partly associated with the suppression of increased macrophages activation.

AIM　To study the electrochemical behavior of ofloxacin at Pt/GC ion implantation modified electrode. METHODS　With Pt/GC ion implantation modified electrode as working electrode, the behavior of ofloxacin was studied by voltammetry in 0.40 mol*L-1 KCl solution. RESULTS　A sensitive reductive peak of ofloxacin was obtained by linear sweep voltammetry. The peak potential was -1.35 V (vs SCE). The peak current was proportional to the concentration of ofloxacin over the range of 1.0×10-6-3.0×10-5 mol*L-1 with the detection limit of 5.0×10-7 mol*L-1. The behavior of reduction wave was studied and applied to determination of ofloxacin in tablets. CONCLUSION　The reduction process was irreversible. The element composition, atomicity form and depth of distribution at the surface of Pt/GC electrode were determined by Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scannig electron microscope (SEM). The catalysis behavior and reaction mechanism at Pt/GC modified electrode was also studied.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of estrogen combined with progestogen replacement therapy on patients with secondary premature ovary failure (POF) induced by Triptergium wifordii (TW). Methods Twenty-one patients who suffered from secondary suspend menses by TW were treated by estrogen combined with progestogen replacement therapy periodically. The serum levels of E2, LH and FSH were examined and changes of menses and clinical manifestations were observed respectively before and 3 months after the ending of treatment.Results All of the patients were confirmed as POF according to the levels of blood sexual hormone and clinical manifestations. The E2 secreted by ovary was higher [ (392.90?77.53 )pmol/L vs. (83.47?8.46)pmol/L, P

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy and safety of levofloxacin and capreomycin combined with chemotherapy regi-men in the treatment of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis(MDR-TB). METHODS:84 MDR-TB patients were randomly divided in-to observation group (42 cases) and control group (42 cases). Observation group received 0.75 g Capreomycin sulfate for injec-tion,addint into 100 ml 0.9% Sodium chloride injection,intravenous infusion,once a day+0.4 g Levofloxacin hydrochloride tab-let,orally,once a day+0.2 g Protionamide tablet,orally,3 times a day+0.3 g Pasiniazid tablet,orally,3 times a day+0.5 g Pyra-zinamide tablet,orally,4 times a day. Control group received 0.4 g Amikacin sulfate injection,adding into 100 ml 0.9% Sodium chloride injection,once a day,intravenous infusion+0.3 g Ofloxacin tablet,orally,twice a day+Protionamide tablet (the same dose with observation group)+Pasiniazid tablet (the same dose with observation group)+Pyrazinamide tablet (the same dose with observation group). All patient were given 0.1 g Glucuronolactone tablet,orally,3 times a day. The treatment course for both group was 12 months. Sputum negative conversion rate,negative conversion time,symptom improvement time,lesion absorption and lung cavity closing,and cell immune indexes (CD4+CD25+/CD4+,CD4+CD25+CD127low/CD4+),IL-17 level before and after treatment,and the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed. RESULTS:The sputum negative conversion rate,ab-sorption rate,lung cavity closing and narrowing cases in research group after 3,6,9,12,18 months treatment were significantly higher than control group,sputum negative conversion time,symptom improvement time in observation group were significantly lower than control group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Before treatment,there were no significant differ-ences in CD4+CD25+/CD4+,CD4+CD25+CD127low/CD4+,IL-17 level in 2 groups(P>0.05). After treatment,CD4+CD25+/CD4+,CD4+CD25+CD127low/CD4+ in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,and observation group was lower than control group,IL-17 level was significantly higher than before,and observation group was higher than control group,the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). And there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups (P>0.05). CON-CLUSIONS:Levofloxacin and capreomycin combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of MDR-TB,it can reduce T regulatory cells,increase IL-17 level,do not increase the incidence of adverse reactions.

Objective To determine how genetic polymorphisms in norepinephrine transporter (NET) gene influence the response of antidepressant treatment and how they interact with childhood trauma and recent life stress in a Chinese depressive patients.Methods 281 Chinese Han depressive patients received single antidepressant drugs for 6 weeks.Hamilton Depression Scale-17 (HAMD-17),the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire short term (CTQ-SF) and the Life Events Scale (LES) were used to evaluate severity of depressive symptoms and the occurrence of stressful life events respectively.Three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in norepinephrine transporter were genotyped.Associations of single locus and haplotypes with antidepressant treatment response were analyzed using UNPHASED 3.0.13.The interaction of gene and life stress was analyzed by SPSS13.0 software.Results One NET SNP rs2242446 was significantly associated with antidepressant response in this Chinese male sample(0.4118vs0.2375,x2=7.046,P=0.0079,OR=0.445,95％ CI (0.243-0.815)),as was the haplotype CG(rs2242446 and rs5569;x2 =5.886,P=0.0153,OR=0.457,95％ CI (0.198-1.054)) and another haplotype CG-G(rs2242446,rs1532701 and rs5569;x2=5.360,P=0.0206,OR=0.530,95％ CI (0.202-1.386)) of NET in male samples.The NET SNPs rs5569 demonstrated interaction with childhood trauma to influence antidepressant response(β=-2.727,SE =1.195,P=0.023,OR=0.065,95％ CI (0.006-0.681)).Conclusion Antidepressant drug response was influenced by not only NET genetic polymorphisms in norepinephrine transporter gene but also interaction between the NET genetic polymorphisms and early life stress.

Objective To establish Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) rat model,and to explore the role of Hp in the pathogenesis of COPD.Methods40 Wistar rats were randomly divided into double modeling group (Hp infection,smoked and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide),COPD group (smoked and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide),Hp infected group and control group.The lung function,cytokines level in serum and bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF),Hp related genes expression in bronchial and lung tissue were detected.And Hp in bronchial and lung tissue was isolated and cultured.Results The lung tissue of both COPD group and double modeling group accorded with COPD pathological characteristics,and the latter was more apparent.The lung function of COPD group and double modeling group decreased more significantly than that of control group and Hp infected group (all P＜0.05),and which was more obvious in double modeling group than that of COPD group (P＜0.05).Along with the Hp colonization density increased,Ri and Re value of double modeling group increased (r=0.785 and 0.905),the value of Gdyn,PEF and FEV0.3/FVC decreased (r=-0.975,-0.959and -0.976).Compared with control group,IL-6,IL-8 and TNF-a cytokines levels in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of other groups increased significantly (all P＜0.05),and within the groups,double modeling group increased most significantly (all P＜0.05).Hp UreC gene was only amplified in part of bronchi and lung tissue of double modeling group,no Hp and suspicious bacteria colonies were isolated and cultured.ConclusionsHp not directly colonized in bronchi and lung tissue,which aggravated inflammation through increasing the serum and bronchoalveolar cytokines level of COPD rat model.Which caused the deterioration in lung function of COPD group.

Objective To observe the changes of ischemic preconditioning on the expression of hypoxia inducible fac?tor (HIF)-1αand vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ischemia hippocampus CA1 region after focal cerebral isch?emia/reperfusion (I/R) in rats, and the mechanisms of brain protection from brain ischemia preconditioning (BIP) thereof. Methods The male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:sham operation (SO) group,middle cerebral artery oc?clusion (MCAO) group and brain ischemia preconditioning (BIP) group. The MCAO group and BIP group were further divid?ed into six subgroups according to perfusion time after I/R including 2 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h and 72 h. The ischemia pre?conditioning model rats were established. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot assay were used to observe the expres?sions of HIF-1αand VEGF in ischemia hippocampal CA1 region. Results Neurological function deficit was not observed in SO group. Compared with MCAO group, there was a lower neurological function deficit score in BIP group. In MCAO group and BIP group, the expressions of HIF-1αand VEGF positive cells and protein increased at 2 h after I/R, then gradu?ally increased from 6 h to12 h and reached the maximum level at 24 h, then gradually decreased. The levels were still higher at 72 h than those of SO group. The number of HIF-1αand VEGF positive cells and protein were significantly increased in MCAO group and BIP group than that of SO group (P<0.05). The number of HIF-1αpositive cells was higher in BIP group than that in MCAO group except 2 h and 6 h reperfusion groups. The expression of VEGF positive cells, HIF-1αand VEGF protein were significantly higher in BIP group than those in MCAO group at different time points (P < 0.05). Conclusion Ischemic preconditioning plays a protective role in brain, which may be related to up-regulation of HIF-1αand VEGF.