Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of bronchoalveolar lavage( BAL) in the treatment of neonatal atelectasis with fiberoptic bronchoscopy under ultrasound monitoring. Methods From June 2018 to December 2018,29 children were diagnosed as atelectasis by lung ultrasound. After conventional mechanical vibration and sputum ineffective,BAL was treated with fiberoptic bronchoscopy. All patients be-fore operation were monitored by ultrasound to find the lung segment where the atelectasis was located. 0. 9%NaCl solution was injected by fibrobronchoscope(1～2 ml/kg),and then sucked to ensure the recovery rate of the lavage fluid was more than 50%. After each lavage,ultrasound was immediately used to monitor the recovery of atelectasis to determine whether or not to continue the lavage. One course of treatment could be continuously performed BAL 1 to 3 times a day,1 course per day,and up to 3 courses of lavage. We analyzed the efficacy,adverse reactions and complications of BAL in the treatment of neonatal atelectasis under ultra-sound monitoring. Results Twenty-nine patients underwent BAL treatment with fiberoptic bronchoscopy,25 cases (86. 2%) were cured,3 cases (10. 3%) were effective,and 1 case (3. 4%) was ineffective. All chil-dren had stable vital signs during treatment. Among them,11 cases (37. 9%) had transient hypoxemia, 3 ca-ses (10. 3%) had tracheal mucosal injury, and 2 cases (6. 9%) had hoarseness. There were no serious com-plications such as pulmonary hemorrhage,pneumothorax,and cardiac arrest. Conclusion BAL treatment of atelectasis under lung ultrasound monitoring has obvious effect,easy to operate,no radiation,no obvious ad-verse reactions and complications,which is worthy of clinical application.

【Objective】 To describe the current situation of sleep duration and living environment of school-aged children so as to analyze the effects of the living environment on sleep duration comprehensively and provide advice for improving children’s sleep duration. 【Methods】 By cluster sampling, 82 families were selected from 1 rural and 2 urban areas in Xi’an. Data were collected by questionnaire survey and environmental sampling. Proportion was used for statistical description, and factor analysis and pathway analysis were used for statistical analysis. 【Results】 50.0% of the school-aged children in Xi’an slept less than 8 hours. Pollution was mainly caused by lower humidity, CO2, temperature, PM10 and aerobic bacterial count, their standard-exceeding rates being 26.8%, 21.3%, 5.5%, 4.3% and 1.8%, respectively. The results of path analysis showed that the influencing factors were as follows in a descending order: strong night light (1.031), presence of the computer (0.549), pressure (0.444), pets (0.408), distance from the driveway (-0.390), humidifier (-0.219), potted plants (0.138), indoor environment factors (0.098), and the floor level (0.039). 【Conclusion】 The sleep duration of school-aged children in Xi’an is relatively inadequate. More attention should be paid to indoor humidity, CO2, temperature, PM10 and aerobic bacterial count. The children’s sleep duration is positively correlated with a good indoor environment, humidifier, being away from the driveway, and low floor level, but is negatively correlated with pressure, strong night light, keeping pets, using computer and potted plants. We need to pay more attention to these factors to improve the sleep quality of school-aged children.