OBJECTIVE:To survey and objectively evaluate the present situation and trend of the usages of the antivirals METHODS:To make a survey of the usage for above-mentioned drugs in 136 hospitals of 6 cities in the Yangtse valley of China during the period 1998～2000 concerning the sum of money for drugs,main pharmaceutical enterprises etc and to analyse the situation of clinical use and trend forecast RESULTS:The sum of money for the antivirals was 17 330 331 yuans,24 068 239 yuans and 47 427 419 yuans in 1998,in 1999 and in 2000,respectively Total expenditure and consumption for the antivirals in China increased year by year CONCLUSION:The antivirals is a kind of drug which has developmental potential,the expenditure and consumption will increase rapidly

OBJECTIVE:To realize the automatic application of the doctor's electronic prescription and the network con?trol of drug distribution information in in-patient department.METHODS:The plan of the automatic application of electronic prescriptions and the network control of drug distribution in in-patient department were put forward after analyzing the problems such as the nonstandard handwriting prescription,the easiness of making mistakes during prescription application and drug distribution,low efficiency and so on.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The automatic application of the electronic pre?scriptions and the network control of drug distribution information in in-patient department are the important parts of the information control system of our hospital,which will greatly improve the efficiency and level in management of pharmacy.

OBJECTIVE:To provide a basis for management of use of cephalosporins in hospital METHODS:The cephalosporins used in 18 hospitals of Chongqing in 2001～2003 were statistically analysed in respect to the kind,consumption sum and DDDs etc RESULTS:During the 3-year period,the sum of cephalosporins consumption increased with an annual rate of 23 34%,of which the third generation cephalosporins were the maximum consumption in kind accounting for 50% of total cephalosporins used Compared to those in 2001,DDDs of the third generation cephalosporins increased 540 49%,but DDDc decreased 75 22% As for fourth generation cephalosporins,the annual sum and consumption were under 2% and 0 3% respectively CONCLUSION:The consumption of the third generation cephalosporins has increased sharply In order to reduce and delay the bacteria resistance,it is very important to make measures as soon as possible to control the cephalosporins abuse strictly

OBJECTIVE:To probe into the tendency and influencing factors of the drug expenses of the inpatients in our hospital.METHODS:The total drug expense,the antibiotic expense and its proportion in the total of the inpatients in our hospital were analyzed statistically in this retrospective study.RESULTS:During 2003～2007,the average daily total drug expense per inpatient was 371.77 yuan with average annual growth rate of 11.94%;the average daily antibiotics cost per inpatient was 110.35 yuan with average annual growth rate of 11.92%.Both the drug expense and antibiotic expense were correlated positively with the consumer price index (CPI).And the proportion of antibiotic expense in the total drug cost remained stable at about 29.68%.CONCLUSION:The average daily drug cost and antibiotic expenses per inpatient between 2003 and 2007 fluctuated yet with upward trend on the whole,and the proportion of antibiotic expense in the total drug cost remained stable.

OBJECTIVE:To survey and objectively evaluate the present situation and trend of the usages of interferon.METHODS:To make a survey of the interferon used in 136 hospitals of 6 cities in the Yangtse valley of China during the period 1998～2000 in respect to the sum of money for drugs,production enterprises etc.and to analyse the situation of clinical use.RESULTS:The sums of money for the interferon were 25 925 795 yuans and 28 512 161 yuans and 28 038 402 yuans in 1998,in 1999 and in 2000,respectively.The proportion of domestic interferon in total consumption of interferon increased year by year.CONCLUSION:With the interferon declining in price and interferon-? having been fixed as a drug in state Basic Drugs for Medical Insurance,its consumption will increase at a high speed.

OBJECTIVE:To survey and evaluate the present situation and trend of the anticancer drugs used in 6 cities of the Yangtse valley METHODS:The anticancer drugs,used in 138 hospitals of 6 cities in the Yangtse basin during the period 1999～2001,were analysed in respect to the cost,sales volume of pharmaceutical enterprises and situation of clinical application RESULTS:The costs of anticancer drugs consumption were 19 460,24 421 and 32 227 million yuan in 1999,2000 and 2001,respectively with an average annual cost of 10 238 yuan per sickbed Some new anticancer drugs derived from nature plants and monoantibodies were going to the clinical practice And gene therapy has been introduced to the treatment of cancer CONCLUSION:The anticancer drug is an important kind of drugs used in hospitals The cost per sickbed was much high and was increasing year by year Furthermore,the anticancer drugs derived from nature plants,monoantibody and the gene therapy will be the predominant measures in the future

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the present situation and trend of the application of antituberculotics in hospitals of 6 cities METHODS:The antituberculotics used in 138 hospitals of 6 cities during the 1999～2001 period were analysed in respect to the cost,sales volume of pharmaceutical enterprises and situation of clinical application RESULTS:The costs of consumption of antituberculotics were 6 227 520,7 204 738 and 7 537 601 yuan in 1999,2000 and 2001 respectively with a rising trend year by year The average annual cost of antituberculotics was 282 yuan per sickbed CONCLUSION:The antituberculotics are fewer in kind and inexpensive in price but they occupy an important place in a hospital and their consumption is unceasingly increasing

OBJECTIVE:To establish a database that contains the standard basic information of drugs.METHODS:The drug basic information was collected and coordinated,and the data included the category,commercial name,general name in Chinese and English,and the dosage form,specification,packaging and quantity etc.of the drug.The code was endued with one drug in accordance with this drug information and the code rules.RESULTS:A database comprised more than 65 000 items of the standard drug basic information was established.CONCLUSION:That such a database could be the footstone of the drug information managing and communication and be very important to the drug information share.

OBJECTIVE:To study the mechanism of Cassia obtusifolia L in decreasing blood-lipid.METHODS:Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes in vitro were used to determine the concentrations of proteins in hepatocytes by the method of Folin-phenol reagent and to assay the cholesterol synthesis from 14 C-acetate with liquid scintillation count.RESULTS:Ex?tract of Cassia obtusifolia L inhibited cholesterol synthesis from 14 C-acetate,but cassiaside B didn't affect cholesterol synthe?sis.CONCLUSION:The mechanism of extract of Cassia obtusifolia L in decreasing blood-lipid may result from inhibition of cholesterol synthesis,but inhibiting cholesterol synthesis may be not the main approach of cassiaside B in decreasing blood-lipid.

OBJECTIVE:To design chinese unified bar code for drugs(BCD)with uniqueness and permenancy.METHO_ DS:Based on analysis of the status and problems of BCD used at present in China,the method and principle to standardize BCD were brought forward.RESULTS:The statistics indicated that most of the prescription drugs have no BCD labelled on the package and there is no unified drug identifying criterion adopted by pharmaceutical manufactures,therefore the depart?ment concerned should draw up unified BCD in China.CONCLUSION:Chinese unified BCD would be beneficial to scientific management of drugs and to ensure the safety of drug use.