OBJECTIVE:To realize the automatic application of the doctor's electronic prescription and the network con?trol of drug distribution information in in-patient department.METHODS:The plan of the automatic application of electronic prescriptions and the network control of drug distribution in in-patient department were put forward after analyzing the problems such as the nonstandard handwriting prescription,the easiness of making mistakes during prescription application and drug distribution,low efficiency and so on.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The automatic application of the electronic pre?scriptions and the network control of drug distribution information in in-patient department are the important parts of the information control system of our hospital,which will greatly improve the efficiency and level in management of pharmacy.

OBJECTIVE:To provide a basis for management of use of cephalosporins in hospital METHODS:The cephalosporins used in 18 hospitals of Chongqing in 2001～2003 were statistically analysed in respect to the kind,consumption sum and DDDs etc RESULTS:During the 3-year period,the sum of cephalosporins consumption increased with an annual rate of 23 34%,of which the third generation cephalosporins were the maximum consumption in kind accounting for 50% of total cephalosporins used Compared to those in 2001,DDDs of the third generation cephalosporins increased 540 49%,but DDDc decreased 75 22% As for fourth generation cephalosporins,the annual sum and consumption were under 2% and 0 3% respectively CONCLUSION:The consumption of the third generation cephalosporins has increased sharply In order to reduce and delay the bacteria resistance,it is very important to make measures as soon as possible to control the cephalosporins abuse strictly

OBJECTIVE:To survey and objectively evaluate the present situation and trend of the usages of the antivirals METHODS:To make a survey of the usage for above-mentioned drugs in 136 hospitals of 6 cities in the Yangtse valley of China during the period 1998～2000 concerning the sum of money for drugs,main pharmaceutical enterprises etc and to analyse the situation of clinical use and trend forecast RESULTS:The sum of money for the antivirals was 17 330 331 yuans,24 068 239 yuans and 47 427 419 yuans in 1998,in 1999 and in 2000,respectively Total expenditure and consumption for the antivirals in China increased year by year CONCLUSION:The antivirals is a kind of drug which has developmental potential,the expenditure and consumption will increase rapidly

OBJECTIVE:To survey and evaluate the present situation and trend of the anticancer drugs used in 6 cities of the Yangtse valley METHODS:The anticancer drugs,used in 138 hospitals of 6 cities in the Yangtse basin during the period 1999～2001,were analysed in respect to the cost,sales volume of pharmaceutical enterprises and situation of clinical application RESULTS:The costs of anticancer drugs consumption were 19 460,24 421 and 32 227 million yuan in 1999,2000 and 2001,respectively with an average annual cost of 10 238 yuan per sickbed Some new anticancer drugs derived from nature plants and monoantibodies were going to the clinical practice And gene therapy has been introduced to the treatment of cancer CONCLUSION:The anticancer drug is an important kind of drugs used in hospitals The cost per sickbed was much high and was increasing year by year Furthermore,the anticancer drugs derived from nature plants,monoantibody and the gene therapy will be the predominant measures in the future

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the present situation and trend of the application of antituberculotics in hospitals of 6 cities METHODS:The antituberculotics used in 138 hospitals of 6 cities during the 1999～2001 period were analysed in respect to the cost,sales volume of pharmaceutical enterprises and situation of clinical application RESULTS:The costs of consumption of antituberculotics were 6 227 520,7 204 738 and 7 537 601 yuan in 1999,2000 and 2001 respectively with a rising trend year by year The average annual cost of antituberculotics was 282 yuan per sickbed CONCLUSION:The antituberculotics are fewer in kind and inexpensive in price but they occupy an important place in a hospital and their consumption is unceasingly increasing

[Objective]To design an intramedullary nail for mid-shaft clavicular fractures based on the anatomic study of human clavicles.[Method]Sixty adult clavicles and 5 fresh cadaveric clavicles were used to survey data about full length,angle between lateral and middle segments,angle between middle and medial segments and the narrowest outer and inner diameter of clavicle.The designed interlocked intramedullary nail was used to fix mid-shaft clavicular fractures.[Result]The full length of clavicle was about(14.82?1.15) cm.The included angle between lateral and middle segment and included angle between middle and medial segment were all about 30?,the narrowest outer diameter of clavicle was about(1.00~0.16) cm,the narrowest inner diameter of clavicle was about(0.50~0.18) cm.After conversely placing guide pin from fracture end,expanding medullary cavity and adjusting the nail,the designed nail was inserted into the medullary cavity from the distal or proximal ends of clavicle,and the proximal and distal ends of the nail were locked by interlocked screws at last.[Conclusion]Treatment of mid-shaft clavicular fractures with the self-made nail has such advantages as less surgical invasion,visible fracture reduction and stable fracture fixation.The biomechanical properties of the nail will be further investigated.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a database that contains the standard basic information of drugs.METHODS:The drug basic information was collected and coordinated,and the data included the category,commercial name,general name in Chinese and English,and the dosage form,specification,packaging and quantity etc.of the drug.The code was endued with one drug in accordance with this drug information and the code rules.RESULTS:A database comprised more than 65 000 items of the standard drug basic information was established.CONCLUSION:That such a database could be the footstone of the drug information managing and communication and be very important to the drug information share.

OBJECTIVE:To study the mechanism of Cassia obtusifolia L in decreasing blood-lipid.METHODS:Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes in vitro were used to determine the concentrations of proteins in hepatocytes by the method of Folin-phenol reagent and to assay the cholesterol synthesis from 14 C-acetate with liquid scintillation count.RESULTS:Ex?tract of Cassia obtusifolia L inhibited cholesterol synthesis from 14 C-acetate,but cassiaside B didn't affect cholesterol synthe?sis.CONCLUSION:The mechanism of extract of Cassia obtusifolia L in decreasing blood-lipid may result from inhibition of cholesterol synthesis,but inhibiting cholesterol synthesis may be not the main approach of cassiaside B in decreasing blood-lipid.

OBJECTIVE:To survey and evaluate the present situation and trends o f fluoroquinolones(FQNs) used in hospitals in four provinces,southwest district of China,during the period 2000～2002 METHODS:FQNs used in 51 hospitals in 4 provinces(cities) were analyzed statistically in respect to the sum of money ,main kinds and DDDs etc RESULTS:During the period 2000～2002,a total of 13 kinds of FQNs was used in these hospitals The consumption sums of FQNs in 2000 ,2001 and 2002 were 7 391,9 342 and 13 242 ten-thousand yuans respectively wi th an annual increase rate of 34 08%,of which the main cause was due to the i ncreasing consumption of levofloxacin,sparfloxacin and ofloxacin,however,the DDDs of FQNs in 2001 and 2002 decreased by 17 58% and 19 38% respectively,c ompared with that in 2000,which resulted from the reducing consumption of norfl exacin,but no significant differences were found in the average DDD costs among three years Meanwhile,the nasal drops and eye drops of ofloxacin,ciprofloxac in,norfloxacin and lomefloxacin were consumed a large amount during these three years CONCLUSION:FQN is a kind of commonly-used antimicrobial in southwest d istrict of China And the consumption of some newly-developed FQNs such as levo floxacin and sparfloxacin has increased fast year by year

OBJECTIVE:To design chinese unified bar code for drugs(BCD)with uniqueness and permenancy.METHO_ DS:Based on analysis of the status and problems of BCD used at present in China,the method and principle to standardize BCD were brought forward.RESULTS:The statistics indicated that most of the prescription drugs have no BCD labelled on the package and there is no unified drug identifying criterion adopted by pharmaceutical manufactures,therefore the depart?ment concerned should draw up unified BCD in China.CONCLUSION:Chinese unified BCD would be beneficial to scientific management of drugs and to ensure the safety of drug use.