Aim To apply sodium channels isolated and purified from rat brain and rat skelatal muscle sarcolemma to the study conotoxin.Methods Crude isolations of sodium channels were purified by 3 kinds of chromatography.The interaction between the sodium channels and conus betulinus was studied by the ligand binding experiment.Result The sequential chromatography resulted in 370-fold purification from rat brain and 2436-fold purification from rat skeletal muscle.Average specific binding active sites of purified sodium channels increased to 321 nmol?g-1 for rat brain and 268 nmol?g-1 for rat skeletal muscle respectively;Studying the interaction between venom from conus betulinus and the purified sodium channels indicated the fraction Ⅴ8 showed the highest affinity for the binding sites of the purified sodium channels.Conclusion Rat brain sodium channel and rat skeletal muscle sodium channel were purified to high purity;the fraction Ⅴ8 has the similar effect to that of the traditional ?-conotoxin.

Objective To sum up the harvesting and trimming (bench surgery) experience of simultaneous pancreas-kidney (SPK) transplantation.Methods Retrospectively analysis of the methods of harvesting and skill of trimming in 19 cases of SPK transplantation was made.Results No injury of allograft occurred. Exogenous insulin was discontinued within 9 day after operation in 18 patients, and their fasting blood sugar was normal, and urine sugar was negative or(+). Serum creatinine and urea nitrogen became normal at 2-4 d postoperatively. Three transplanted kidney and 2 transplanted pancreas had acute rejection (AR), and all the AR were disappeared after anti-rejection therapy. The SPK grafts in 1 patient was excised on 11 d postoperatively due to accelerated rejection. Conclusions The skill of procurement and bench surgery trimming of allograft in one of the key factors for successful SPK.

Objective To investigate the situation of sports participation and the unmet needs of services for 6-12 years old children with intellectual disabilities. Methods 420 children with intellectual disabilities in areas of minority nationalities in Hubei province aged 6-12 years were surveyed with a questionnaire. Statistics had been conducted for situation and unmet needs of services. Results 72.6%respon-dents wanted to participate in sport, 70%respondents participated in sport at least once a week, maining for rehabilitation;the unmet needs of services mainly focused on the special education, medical rehabilitation, functional training and the non-barrier transformation for kitchen and toilets. Conclusion Comprehensive rehabilitation and services are needed in 6-12 years old children with intellectual disabilities in areas of minority nationalities in Hubei Province. The diversity of unmet needs needed to be attend.

Objective To explore the changes of several sero-enzyme activity including lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),alanine aminotransferase (ALT),creeatine phosphatase kinase (CPK) and its isoenzyme (CK-MB),?-hdroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HBDH) in patients with chronic cor disease and its clinical significance. Methods The sera LDH,AST,ALT,CPK,CPK-MB and HBDH from 15 healthy controls and 61 patients with chronic cor disease were examined before and after treatment.CPK-MB/CPK and HBDH/LDH were calculated and simultaneously the blood gas analysis was performed. Results In experimental group all the sera enzymes contents before treatment were significantly higher than those after treatment (P

Objective To explore intelligence impairment in the patients with idiopathic parkinson's disease(PD) and to investigate whether auditory P300(P3) can be influenced by levodopa therapy. Methods The standard auditory P300 were measured before starting treatment and 6 months after starting treatment in 30 patients with idiopathic parkinson's disease, and 30 healthy subjects with matching age, sex and education levels served as control. Results After levodopa treatment in patients with PD, P300 latency(PL) and amplitude(Amp) did not significantly changes, but reaction time (RT) was significantly shortened(P

Objective To investigate the role of peroxynitrite in induction of apoptosis in non-heart-beating donor (NHBD) liver grafts. Methods Rat livers were harvested and perfused via the portal vein with 60 ml of cold 4℃ HTK solution from heart beating donors (HB) or 60 min after car-diac arrest from NHBD. A third group consisted of NHBD livers which were perfused with HTK con-taining 7500 IU of superoxide dismutase (SOD) (n=6, resp.). After cold storage for 24 h, the func-tional integrity of the liver was evaluated by isolated reperfusion with Krebs-Henseleit Buffer in a re-circulating system at 37℃ for 45 min. Results Compared to the NHBD livers, HB and SOD groups were characterized by a significantly reduced hepatic enzyme leakage(P<0. 05) as well as decreased portal venous pressure(P<0.01). Bile production upon reperfusion was increased significantly (P< 0.01). Prominent decreasing nitrite oxide(NO) (P<0.05), nitrotyrosine(P<0.01, P<0.05) and apoptosis(P<0.05) in effluent perfusate was encountered. Slight nitrotyrosine staining was concen-trated on the endothelial cells. Conclusion Peroxynitrite may play a fundamental role in the apoptosis caused by enhanced oxygen free radical production in NHBD livers.

Objective To evaluate the effect of operation method in surgical treatment of pancreatic cyst. Method Retrospectively stastical analysis on 118 cases of pancreatic cyst was carried out.Result Thirty-one cases underwent external drainage,54 cases were subjected to internal drainage,and 33 cases to resection.Con- clusion For a genuine cyst,it is better to have it reacted.External drainage is only indicated for pseudocysts in emergent situations such as infection,hemorrhage or rupture,but is often accompanied with multiple complica- tions.Internal drainage is indicated for unresectable cysts and is superior to the external one,but it has some com- plications too.Resection of the pancreatic body and tail is the first choice for cysts located there,and it shows a good and thorough therapeutic effect with seldom recurrence.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic method for and surgical effect on hilar cholangiocarcinoma. ] Methods The clinical features, diagnosis, surgical therapy and long term result were retrospectively analysed on 192 cases of hilar cholangiocarcinoma admitted into our hospital from Jan.1984 to Jun.1999Results] MRCP delineated 100%(44/44) of the hilar tumors. 153 cases underwent exploration. 88 cases treated by internal or external drainage have survived for 3～15 months. Tumor resection was performed on 53 cases, and orthotopic liver transplantation on 2 cases, with a resection rate of 36%(55/153) including radical resection in 38 cases (median survival period was 31 months). 17 cases undergoing palliative resection have a median survival period of 13 months. Conclusion MRCP was an ideal noninvasive preoperative examination for identifying hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Routine frozen section of the bile duct margin should be adopted. Radical resection definitely prolongs survival period. For Bismuth type Ⅲ、Ⅳ without extrahepatic metastasis, orthotopic liver transplantation was an effective surgical therapy.

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning on cognitive function in aged rats after acute cerebral ischemia, and to analyze any changes in the cerebral cortex by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Twenty-four aged male SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control group, a pure hyperbaric oxygen group, an ischemia group and an ischemia group preconditioned with hyperbaric oxygen. There were six rats in each group. A model of ischemia was induced in the ischemic group and the preconditioned ischemia group using a modified version of Pulsinelli's four-vessel occlusion method. The preconditioned ischemia group (before setting up the acute cerebral ischemia model) and the pure hyperbaric oxygen group were given hyperbaric oxygen treatment once a day for 5 days. Each group received axial line and coronal MRI scans in T1WI and T2WI. The rats' learning and memory abilities were evaluated with a Morris water maze, including escape latency and the percentage of swimming time in the platform quadrant. Results There was no obvious evidence of ischemic brain infarction in the normal control group or the pure hyperbaric oxygen group. There were clear arc-shaped bilateral cortex ischemic infarct areas in the ischemic group. The average ischemic infarct area in the preconditioned group was smaller than that in the simply ischemic group. Escape latency in the ischemia group was significantly longer than in the preconditioned group, and latency in the preconditioned group was significantly longer than that in the normal control and hyperbaric oxygen groups. The percentage of swimming time in the platform quadrant in the ischemic group was shorter than that in the preconditioned group, and that in the preconditioned group was shorter than those of the normal control group or the hyperbaric oxygen group. There was no significant difference between the normal control group and the hyperbaric oxygen group. Conclusions Continuous hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning can reduce the ischemic infarct area in aged rats after acute global cerebral ischemia and improve cognitive function.

Objective To investigate the prevention and management of portal vein thrombosis following orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods Between May 1995 to September 2005,clinical data of 137 cases subject to orthotopic liver transplantation were analyzed.Among them,there were 10 cases of portal vein thrombosis(5 cases in gradeⅠ,4 cases in gradeⅡand 1 case in gradeⅢ). All patients received an eversion thromboendovenectomy(ETEV)with occlusion of the portal flow u- sing a Forgarty balloon.Ligation of the collateral circulation,especially spontaneous or surgical sple- norenal shunt,was made as approaches to improve portal flow.Heparin or low-molecule-weight hepa- rin as a prophylactic anticoagulation therapy was maintained during and after operation if prothrombin time was less than 18 s.Follow-up Doppler ultrasonography was used daily in the early postoperative period.Results After a follow-up of 2～66 months,overall incidence of portal vein thrombosis was 2.92%(4/137).Surgical thrombectomy and revascularization was carried out in 1 case.Thromboly- sis,balloon angioplasty and stent placement via hepatic artery were performed on 2 cases.No treat- ment was given in 1 patient without hepatic dysfunction and portal hypertention.Mortality related to portal vein thrombosis was 0.Conclusions Portal vein thrombosis might be avoided by performing a complete thrombectomy as often as possible,by ligation of portosystemic shunt during surgery,and by postoperative anticoagulation.Close follow-up by Doppler ultrasonography may make a prompt di- agnosis and reduce portal vein thrombosis-derived loss of grafts.