Carcinoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Chylothorax ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Lymph Node Excision ; Thyroid Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; surgery

Objective To investigate the correlation between three gene locus polymorphisms of X-ray repair cross-complementary protein 1 (XRCC1) exon (Arg194Trp, Arg280His and Arg399Gln) and the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods A case-control study was performed in 250 CRC patients (case group, 128 colon cancer patients and 122 rectal cancer patients) and 213 healthy individuals (control group). The three gene locus polymorphism of XRCC1 was tested by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. The genotype distribution and allele frequency of each locus was analyzed with SPSS 10.0 software. Results There was no significant difference in allele frequency of XRCC1 at 194 and 399 loci (P > 0.05). However, the 280 Arg/His allele frequency of XRCC1 was higher in case group than that in control group (OR=1.66,95%CI:1.01~2.73,P=0.047). The 280Arg/His allele frequency was higher in rectal cancer group than that in control group (OR =1.82,95%CI:1.02~3.27). The frequency of 280His allele (Arg280His and His280His) was higher in case group than that in control group (OR=1.85,95%CI:1.06~3.22). However, it was a relative low risk factor of colon cancer and there was no significant difference between colon cancer group and control group (OR=1.85, 95%CI:1.06~3.22). Conclusions There was no correlation between XRCC1 Arg194Trp and Arg399Gln polymorpohisms and the risk of CRC. However, 280Arg/His genotype may increase the risk of CRC, and 280His allele is a risk factor of rectal cancer.

Objective To investigate the related factors of postoperative hypocalcemia after thyroid carc-er surgery.Methods 346 cases of thyroid carcer patients undergoing surgery from Jan .2013 to Dec.2013 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University were retrospectively analyzed .Results 129 cases developed hepocalcemia after thyroid surgery .Among the related factors that may cause postoperative hypocalcemia , the scope of surgery , parathyroid injury and secondary surgery might play important roles .Conclusions The inci-dence of postoperative hypocalcaemia is high after total thyroidectomy .Patients with reoperation and lymph node dissection have an increased rate of postoperative hypocalcaemia .In order to reduce hypocalcaemia incidence ,sur-gons need to protect parathyroid blood supply in thyroid surgery and give calcium after surgery .

Objective To evaluate the curative effects of carbon nanoparticles on central lymphnode dis -section in papillary thyroid carcinoma ( PTC) .Methods 72 PTC patients were randomly divided into two groups:carbon nanoparticle group(n=32)and the control group(n=32).Patients in the carbon nanoparticle group were injected with carbon nanoparticles during surgery .Patients in the control group had conventional surgery .The number of lymph nodes being dissected ,lymph node metastasis , and the rate of hypoparathyroidism were compared between the two groups .Results The number of lymph nodes dissected in nanoparticle group ( n =312 ) was much bigger than that in the control group (n=189)(P<0.01;t=8.476).The incidence of hypoparathyroidism in nanoparticle group(n=1)was much lower than that in the control group (n=8)(P<0.05;χ2 =4.571).The metastasis of lymph nodes has no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.01;χ2 =1.048).Conclu-sions The lymphatic tracer technique may improve the number of lymph nodes dissected in central region of PTC and reduce parathyroid gland damage .

The antibiotic resistance is natural in bacteria and predates the human use of antibiotics.Numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) have been discovered to confer resistance to a wide range of antibiotics.The ARGs in natural environments are highly integrated and tightly regulated in specific bacterial metabolic networks.However,the antibiotic selection pressure conferred by the use of antibiotics in both human medicine and agriculture practice leads to a significant increase of antibiotic resistance and a steady accumulation of ARGs in bacteria.In this review,we summarized,with an emphasis on an ecological point of view,the important research progress regarding the collective ARGs (antibiotic resistome) in bacterial communities of natural environments,human and animals,i.e.,in the one health settings.We propose that the resistance gene flow in nature is "from the natural environments" and "to the natural environments";human and animals,as intermediate recipients and disseminators,contribute greatly to such a resistance gene "circulation.".

Objective To establish rSAG1-IgM-ELISA with purified rSAG1 fusion protein for immunodiagnosis of toxoplasmosis. Methods The rSAG1 fusion protein was purified by Ni 2+ column. The ELISA plate was coated with different concentrations of rSAG1, reacted with pooled positive and negtive human sera. Goat anti-human IgM conjugated to horseradish peroxidase was used as the second antibody. The appropriate detecting condition of the rSAG1-IgM-ELISA assay was determined by orthogonal experiment. The reproducibility, sensitivity and specificity of the assay were assessed. Thirty-five IgM-positive and 57 IgM-negative human sera detected by the imported IgM-ELISA kit were detected with the rSAG1-IgM-ELISA. Results The purity of rSAG1 was above 90%. The appropriate detecting condition was that the coated rSAG1 was 2 5 ?g/ml, the human serum was in 1∶100 dilution, and the second antibody was in 1∶4000 dilution. The coefficient of variation (CV) value of IgM-positive and IgM-negative pooled sera were 13 8% and 7 7% respectively. The inhibition rate of the assay was 62 0% The positive correspondence rate and negative correspondence rate were 82 9% (29/35) and 91 2% (52/57) respectively,the total correspondence rate was 88 0%, compared with the imported IgM-ELISA kit. Conclusions The rSAG1-IgM-ELISA has high sensitivity and specificity, and good correspondence rate with the imported IgM-ELISA kit. It indicates that rSAG1-IgM-ELISA has potential value for early diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.

The function of drugs is based on the interaction between drug molecules and their targets.Qualitative analysis and quantitative detection of drug-target interactions run through the whole process from drug discovery to clinical practice.After decades of development, the study methods on the interaction between drug molecules and target proteins have been transformed from traditional biochemical experiments to a diversity of efficient and accurate technology systems supported by advanced molecular biology and biophysics theory.In this review, representative methods and techniques were introduced from aspects of target discovery and validation, affinity determination, interaction sites and structural analysis, which might provide some references for drug discovery and mechanism exploration.

Objective To analyze the methods and effects for treating unstable posterior pelvic ring fracture combined with sacral nerve injury and further identify the relationships among the diagnostic methods,surgical approaches and clinical outcomes.Methods A total of 38 patients with posterior pelvic ring fracture combined with sacral plexus injury treated from January 2000 to January 2010 were enrolled in the study.There were 20 males and 18 females at an average age of 35 years (range,10 to 59 years).The causes of fractures included traffic injury in 20 patients,fall injury in 12,weighty object impingement injury in five,and stabbing injury in one.Classification of posterior pelvic ring fractures included fracture and dislocation of sacroiliac joints in eight patients,fracture of ilium wing in two and sacrum fracture in 28.According to the Denis typing of sacrum fractures,there was one patient with type Ⅰ fracture,14 with type Ⅱ fracture and 13 with type Ⅲ fracture.All 38 patients presented the decrease or loss of skin sensation around the lower extremities,perineal region and crissum.Simultaneously,30 patients suffered motor dysfunction of the lower extremities,while 20 patients had bladder and anus sphincter dysfunction or sexual disorder.Thirteen patients were suspected of sacral plexus avulsion and four of them were confirmed by myelography or MRI examination.All patients had at least one associated injury.The average ISS was 21.9 points ( range,9 to 47 points).Therapeutic methods were fracture reduction and fixation in the absence of nerve decompression for eight patients and nerve decompression for 30 patients including 26 patients being also managed by fracture reduction and fixation.Operation time ranged from 6 days to 6 months.The clinical outcomes were evaluated according to the British Medical Research Council (BMRC) evaluation criteria of sensation and movement function.Results Thirty-four patients were followed up for average 4.9 years ( range,1 to 10 years),during which their pelvis obtained stable recovery.The neurological outcome was excellent in two patients,good in four and unchanged in two in the nondecompression group and was excellent in 16 patients,good in nine and unchanged in one in the decompression group,with the decompression group superior to the non-decompression group ( P ＜ O.05 ).Conclusions For unstable posterior pelvic ring fracture combined with sacral nerve injury,nerve decompression and release combined with internal fixation can better improve the sacral nerve function and obtain good pelvic ring stability and is worth of clinical application.

OBJECTIVETo study the damage of DNA in rat bone marrow cells induced by mustard gas.

METHODMale SD rats were randomly divided into six groups. Physiological saline, propylene glycol and mustard gas(0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 mg/kg) were given separately by i.p. injection. 5 rats in each group were killed after 0, 24, 48, 72 hours of exposure. The DNA damage in rat bone marrow cells was assayed by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE).

RESULTSThere is no significant difference of DNA damage among all groups at 0 h(P > 0.05). The rates of DNA migration and the lengths of DNA migration of the rat bone marrow cells in propylene glycol group at 24, 48, 72 hours were 15.4% +/- 0.21%, 16.0% +/- 0.19%, 15.7% +/- 0.23% and (11.4 +/- 0.2), (13.5 +/- 0.3), (12.8 +/- 0.2) micron respectively, and they were significantly higher than those of physiological saline group at the same time(P < 0.05). The rates of DNA migration and the lengths of DNA migration of the rat bone marrow cells in mustard gas groups at 24, 48, 72 hours were significantly higher than those in physiological saline group and propylene glycol group at the same time(P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMustard gas could induce DNA damage in rat bone marrow cells. The damage was likely to rise as the dose increased and was time-dependent.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Cells ; drug effects ; ultrastructure ; Comet Assay ; DNA Damage ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Mustard Gas ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

Objective To explore relationship between genotypes HBV C and B with HBV specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) surface programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and its significance in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB).Methods A total of 71 CHB patients were studied,human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-A2 positive,HBV DNA ＞ 103 copies/ml,of which 34 cases(47.89％)had genotype C and 36 cases (50.70％) had genotype B.Peripheral blood HBV specific CTL surface PD-1 expression level,HBV specific CTL level,HBV DNA level,ALT and TBil levels of patients infected with genotype C and B were compared.Results HBV specific CTL surface PD-1 expression level of CHB patients infected with genotype C (37.30 ± 3.05％) was higher than that of patients infected with genotype B (26.19 ± 3.06％),t =15.47,P ＜ 0.001,HBV specific CTL level (0.25 ± 0.03％) was lower than that of patients infected with genotype B (0.45 ±0.13％),t =21.54,P ＜0.001,HBV DNA level (6.75 ±0.77 log10 copies/ml) was higher than that of patients infected with genotype B (4.96 ± 1.12 log10 copies/ml),t =7.93,P ＜ 0.001,ALT level (487.39 ± 87.36IU/L) was higher than that of patients infected with genotype B (235.25 ± 90.911U/L),t =12.32,P ＜ 0.001,TBil level (49.73 ± 6.45) was higher than that of patients infected with genotype B (28.48 ± 5.89％),t =9.01,P ＜ 0.001.Conclusion Peripheral blood HBV specific CTL surface PD-1 expression level of CHB patients infected with genotype C was higher than that of patients infected with genotype B,resulting in lower HBV specific CTL level and higher HBV DNA level of patients infected with genotype C than patients infected with genotype B,so damage to liver functions was more serious than patients infected with genotype B.