Exogenous gonadotropins are widely used in controlled ovarian stimulation (COH) for patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF),because of the effect of follicle maturation and ovulation.Except for environmental factors such as age and ovarian reserve,genetic variability seems also to be a key factor in determining the ovarian response to the exogenous gonadotropins.In this review, the reason for the interindividual difference in ovarian resoponse as well as the influence of the genetic polymorphisms of FSHR and ESR on COH and IVF outcome has been summarized.

Objective To study the effect of Jiaweiyunvjian on periodontitis in the old.Methods A total of 180 periodontitis patients were randomly recruited into a treatment group and a control group,90 patients in each.The control group was treated with calculus removal and oral metronidazole,while the treatment group was treated with Jiaweiyunvjian on the basis ofthe control group.After both groups were treated for 7 days,therapeutic effects were observed.Results The total effective rate was 90.4%and 73.3%in the treatment group in the control group respectively.There was significant diffefence (P<0.01).In the 6-month follow-up,there were 7 cases(7.4%)relapsed in the treatment group and 16 cases(18.6%)relapsed in the control group,also showing significant difference(P<0.05).Conclusion Jiaweiyunvjian has curative effects on periodontitis of the old people.

Objective To observe the effects of Shuangliao Houfeng Powder on complications of dental extraction .Methods 280 patients who need dental extraction were recruited into a treatment group and a control group. The treatment group was applied with Shuangliao Houfeng Powder externally on alveolus dentalis after dental extraction, while the control group received no post-treatment after dental extraction. Wound healing and incidence of complications were observed after three days. Results Wound healing in stage 1 showed better results in the treatment group than the control group (P<0.05). Postoperative bleeding time of the treatment group was significantly shorter than the control group (P<0.01) . Besides the treatment group got better improvements in such symptoms as gingival swelling, pain, and difficulty in mouth opening than the control group (P< 0.05). Conclusion Shuangliao Houfeng Powder is effective on complications of dental extraction and worthy of promotion in clinic.

OBJECTIVE To observe the incidence of facial nerve injury and its relationship to the types of operation. METHODS The clinical data of 116 patients who underwent parotid surgery from 1999 to 2006 were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS The facial injury rate in total parotidectomy(66.7 %) was significantly higher than that in superfacial parotidectomy(39.2 %) and partial parotidectomy(12.5 %). The facial nerve injury rate in the mandibular branch(31.9 %) was higher than that in the buccal branch(9.2 %) and the zygomaticofacial branch(2.9 %). CONCLUSION The injury of facial nerve branches was correlated with the surgical managements. A proper surgical managements and operative extent would reduce the incidence of facial nerve injury and decrease the complications of the operation.

ObjectiveTo explore the relationship between the status of vitamin A and the level of AntiHBs in infants.Methods One hundred and ninty eight infants met the criteria were recruited into an investigation through local vaccination service.Two milliter venous blood was drawn from each studied child,and the infants' feeding information of successive 72 hours was collected through the 24-hour dietary recall method and 2-day diet records method.The nutrients intakes were analyzed with a NCCW software for calculation.The concentration of serum vitamin A and Anti-HBs was analyzed by HPLC and ECLIA,respectively.The logarithm of anti-HBs concentrations was compared among sub-clinical vitamin A deficiency (87 cases ),suspicious subclinical vitamin A deficient group (51 cases )and normal group (60 cases )and the relationship between the logarithm of anti-HBs concentrations and vitamin A were analyzed.ResultsThere were only 19.7％ of children whose average daily intake of vitamin A reached the 80％ of recommended nutrient intakes(RNI).The incidence rate of vitamin A malnutrition was 67.2％.The serum Anti-HBs GMC was 402.8 U/L The positive rate was 98.0％.There were significant differences on Anti-HBs Ig GMC between Sub-clinical vitamin A deficiency (SVAD) group,suspicious SVAD group and normal group( F =15.88,P ＜ 0.001 ).The correlation coefficient between the level of serum vitamin A and Anti-HBs lg GMC was 0.441 ( P =0.01 ).ConclusionThe results show that the level of serum vitamin A may have influence on the maintenance of an effective anti-HBs level against hepatitis B virus.

To study the effect of Tibetan medicine Zuotai on the activity, protein and mRNA expression of CYP1A2 and NAT2, three different doses (1.2, 3.8 and 12 mg x kg(-1)) of Zuotai were administrated orally to rats once a day or once daily for twelve days, separately. Rats were administrated orally caffeine (CF) on the second day after Zuotai administration, and the urine concentration of CF metabolite 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyl-uracil (AFMU), 1-methyluric acid (1U), 1-methylxanthine (1X), 1, 7-dimethylxanthine (17U) at 5 h after study drug administration was determined by RP-HPLC. The activity of CYP1A2 and NAT2 was evaluated by the ratio of metabolites (AFMU+1X+1U)/17U and the ratio of AFMU/(AFMU+1X+1U), respectively. The protein and mRNA expression of CYP1A2 and NAT2 were determined by ELISA and RT-PCR method, respectively. After single administration of Zuotai 3.8 mg x kg(-1) and repeated administration of Zuotai 3.8 and 12 mg x kg(-1), the activity of CYP1A2 and NAT2 decreased significantly compared with control group and there was no significant difference between other dose group and control group. The protein expression of CYP1A2 was significant lower than that in control group after repeated administration of Zuotai 12 mg x kg(-1), and the mRNA expression of CYP1A2 decreased significantly compared with that of control group after single administration of Zuotai 3.8 mg x kg(-1) and repeated admistration of Zuotai 12 mg x kg(-1), separately. The protein expression of NAT2 decreased significantly compared with that of control group after single and repeated administration of Zuotai 3.8 mg x kg(-1), respectively, and the mRNA expression of CYP1A2 decreased significantly compared with control group after single administration of Zuotai 3.8 mg x kg(-1). This study found that Tibetan medicine Zuotai had significant effect on the activity, protein and mRNA expression of CYP1A2 and NAT2.

Alpha-ketoglutarate (AKG) is a key molecule in the Krebs cycle determining the overall rate of the citric acid cycle of the organism. It is a nitrogen scavenger and a source of glutamate and glutamine that stimulates protein synthesis and inhibits protein degradation in muscles. AKG as a precursor of glutamate and glutamine is a central metabolic fuel for cells of the gastrointestinal tract as well. AKG can decrease protein catabolism and increase protein synthesis to enhance bone tissue formation in the skeletal muscles and can be used in clinical applications. In addition to these health benefits, a recent study has shown that AKG can extend the lifespan of adult Caenorhabditis elegans by inhibiting ATP synthase and TOR. AKG not only extends lifespan, but also delays age-related disease. In this review, we will summarize the advances in AKG research field, in the content of its physiological functions and applications.
Adenosine Triphosphate ; Adult ; Bone and Bones ; Caenorhabditis elegans ; Citric Acid Cycle ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Glutamic Acid ; Glutamine ; Humans ; Insurance Benefits ; Metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal ; Muscles ; Nitrogen ; Proteolysis

Objective:To investigate the effects of drinking water-borne arsenic exposure on mammary gland development of female mice in early life.Methods:Healthy and sexually mature C57BL/6J mice were paired according to the female to male ratio of 2∶1. After confirmation of pregnancy, female mice were randomly divided into control (drinking double distilled water), low- (0.5 mg/L) and high- (5.0 mg/L) dose arsenic exposure groups, 10 mice in each group. The exposure time of arsenic in drinking water ranged from day 0 of pregnancy to day 28 after birth. At the end of arsenic exposure, female offspring (10 mice in each group) were sacrificed and mammary glands were dissected for whole tissue staining to evaluate the development of mammary glands and quantitative analysis of mammary gland development indexes. The expression of proliferating cell associated antigen Ki67 was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results:There were no significant differences in body weight and organ coefficients of liver, kidney and mammary glands between female offspring in low- and high-dose arsenic exposure groups and control group ( F=1.018, 1.033, 1.764, 0.199, P > 0.05). Compared with control group, low- and high- dose arsenic exposure groups showed more terminal end buds (TEB) and ductal branches as well as stronger longitudinal growth ability in mammary gland morphological analysis. Quantitative analysis results showed that the numbers of TEB in the low- and high-dose arsenic exposure groups (11.83 ± 4.40, 11.00 ± 3.74) were significantly higher than that in the control group (4.00 ± 1.83, P < 0.05). The ductal lengths in the low- and high-dose arsenic exposure groups [(6.43 ± 1.08), (6.08 ± 1.74) mm] were also significantly longer than that in the control group [(3.71 ± 0.61) mm, P < 0.05]. The distance of leading edge of ducts to the midpoint of lymph nodes in the low- and high-dose arsenic exposure groups [(0.58 ± 1.12), (- 0.02 ± 1.57) mm] was significantly shorter than that in the control group [(- 2.67 ± 0.87) mm, P < 0.05]. The mean maximum area of TEB in the low-dose arsenic exposure group [(0.04 ± 0.01) mm 2] was significantly larger than that in the control group [(0.02 ± 0.01) mm 2, P < 0.05]. Immunohistochemistry staining indicated strong staining of Ki67 within TEB in the low- and high-dose arsenic exposure groups. Conclusion:Early life inorganic arsenic exposure promotes the development of TEB, ductal extension and cell proliferation within TEB in female mice, indicating that early life arsenic exposure alters mammary gland development.

New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (NDM-1) is capable of hydrolyzing nearly all β-lactam antibiotics, posing an emerging threat to public health. There are currently less effective treatment options for treating NDM-1 positive “superbug”, and no promising NDM-1 inhibitors were used in clinical practice. In this study, structure–activity relationship based on thiosemicarbazone derivatives was systematically characterized and their potential activities combined with meropenem (MEM) were evaluated. Compounds 19bg and 19bh exhibited excellent activity against 10 NDM-positive isolate clinical isolates in reversing MEM resistance. Further studies demonstrated compounds 19bg and 19bh were uncompetitive NDM-1 inhibitors with Ki = 0.63 and 0.44 μmol/L, respectively. Molecular docking speculated that compounds 19bg and 19bh were most likely to bind in the allosteric pocket which would affect the catalytic effect of NDM-1 on the substrate meropenem. Toxicity evaluation experiment showed that no hemolysis activities even at concentrations of 1000 mg/mL against red blood cells. In vivo experimental results showed combination of MEM and compound 19bh was markedly effective in treating infections caused by NDM-1 positive strain and prolonging the survival time of sepsis mice. Our finding showed that compound 19bh might be a promising lead in developing new inhibitor to treat NDM-1 producing superbug.