Exogenous gonadotropins are widely used in controlled ovarian stimulation (COH) for patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF),because of the effect of follicle maturation and ovulation.Except for environmental factors such as age and ovarian reserve,genetic variability seems also to be a key factor in determining the ovarian response to the exogenous gonadotropins.In this review, the reason for the interindividual difference in ovarian resoponse as well as the influence of the genetic polymorphisms of FSHR and ESR on COH and IVF outcome has been summarized.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate three therapeutic schemes for sudden deafness with cost-effectiveness analysis for guiding rational use of drugs. METHODS:Using pharmacoeconomic cost-effectiveness analysis to evaluate 61 patients with 62ears of sudden deafness treated by Salvia Miltiorrhiza(groups A), Salvia Miltiorrhiza and cerebroprotein hydrolysate(groups B) or cerebroprotein hydrolysate(groups C) . RESULTS: The effective rates of three groups were 73.9%, 75.0% and 80.0% respectively without significant difference among them(P ＞ 0.05) . The average drug costs for one patient in three groups were 617.89 yuan, 2 651.29 yuan and 2 647.99 yuan respectively. The costs for 1% increase of effective rate in three groups were 8.36 yuan, 35.35 yuan and 33.10 yuan respectively. CONCLUSION: Salvia Miltiorrhiza scheme is the most rational one for sudden deafness.

Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressive drug largely used in organ transplantation.It is characterized by a narrow therapeutic index and wide interindividual variability in its pharmacokinetics. Cyclosporine is metabolized primarily by CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 in the liver and small intestine and also substrate for P-gp, encoded by MDR1. The interindividual heterogeneity in enzymatic activity of small intestine and liver CYP3A4 and CYP3A5, and intestine P-gp have contributed to oral cyclosporine pharmacokinetics in kidney, heart,liver and lung transplant patients. The differences in enzymatic activity of CYP3A and P-gp are believed to be due to CYP3A4, CYP3A5 and MDR1 genetic mutation. Therefore, a investigation which the effect of sequence variants in gene encoding drug-metabolizing enzymes and drug transporter to cyclosporine disposition may lead to individualized drug dosing and improved therapeutics.

OBJECTIVE:To provide a pharmaceutical care model for the practice of patient-centered clinical pharmacy so as to ensure safe,effective and economical clinical medication.METHODS:The concept,desired therapeutic outcomes and the treatment method of hypertension after renal transplantation were expounded;the issue of the key points in pharmaceutical care were decided,and immunosuppressive agents and antihypertensive drugs were administered and the pharmaceutical care plan was made based on patients’ conditions.The therapeutic outcomes were evaluated;the patients were educated to elevate their compliances.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:It is feasible to provide clinical pharmacists with an effective pharmaceutical care mode and method so as to provide better services for patients,doctors and nurses.

Objective To explore the mechanism of ZMS regulation of M_2 muscarinic receptor mRNA expression. Methods In vitro cultured CHOm2 cells were divided into ZMS 1 group (treatment with 1 × 10~(-5) mol/L ZMS for 24 h), ZMS 2 group (treatment with 1 × 10~(-5) mol/L ZMS for 24 h and 1 μg/mL cycloheximide for 12 h) and ZMS 3 group (treatment with 1 μg/mL cycloheximide for 4 h and 1 × 10 ~(-5) mol/L ZMS for 24 h), and their corresponding control groups were also established (substitution of ZMS by DMSO). Actinomycin D was added to cultured CHOm2 cells of each group to inhibit the synthesis of mRNA. CHOm2 cell samples were taken at different time points, the relative expression of M_2 receptor mRNA was detected by Real-time PCR, and half life of M_2 receptor mRNA was calculated. Results Compared with corresponding control groups, the half life of M_2 receptor mRNA of CHOm2 cells in ZMS 1 group and ZMS 2 group was significantly prolonged [(4.75h± 0.54) h vs (2.13 ±0.23) h, P<0.05; (5.43 ±1.13) h vs (2.46 ±0.09) h, P<0.05]. There was no significant difference in half life of M_2 receptor mRNA of CHOm2 cells between ZMS 3 group and its corresponding control [ ( 3.06 ±0.23) h vs (3.00 ± 0.20) h, P > 0.05]. Conclusion De novo protein synthesis is required for the enhancement of M_2 receptor mRNA stability regulated by ZMS.

Multidrug resistance is a common form of drug resistance of tumors and one main reason for chemotherapy′s failure and recrudescence of acute leukemia. In recent years,substantial studies addressed the different aspects about MDR1,including MDR1 genetic polymorphism,mRNA/protein expression as well as the function of its coding protein (P-gp).This paper reviewed recent advances about the relation between MDR1 genetic polymorphism and acute leukemia prognosis with the aim to improve acute leukemia curing and chemotherapy outcome evaluating in China.

Aim To evaluate retrospectively the effect of genetic polymorphisms in CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 on cyclosporine pharmacokinetics during the early period in renal transplant patients.Methods Polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism was performed to genotype for CYP3A4*18B and CYP3A5*3.Cyclosporine whole blood levels were measured by fluorescence polarization immunoassay.Results The frequencies of CYP3A4*18B and CYP3A5*3 variant alleles were 0.235(95 CI:0.235~ 0.241)and 0.770(95 CI:0.767~0.773),respectively in 63 of renal transplantation patients, and these alleles exhibited incomplete linkage disequilibrium. The median (range) value of cyclosporine dose adjusted blood trough concentrations (C0/D) and C0 in CYP3A4*1/*1 genotype patients was higher than that in CYP3A4*1/*18B and CYP3A*18B/*18B patients, the same result was found in CYP3A5 expression (CYP3A5*3/*1 and CYP3A5*1/*3) (P

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the mode of delivering pharmaceutical care to asthmatic patients.METHODS: Individualized pharmaceutical care plan was established for asthmatic patients by taking into consideration of the advancement in asthma therapy,and the main contents of the pharmaceutical care for asthmatic patients were introduced.RESULTS & CONCLUSION: By providing pharmaceutical care to asthmatic patients,the treatment related problems are able to be identified in time,and the serious consequence can be avoided and the incidence of asthma attack can be kept under control.

Objective To investigate the incidence of the newborn's clavicle fracture,the high risk factors related to the fracture,and the possible methods to prevent and treat the fracture. Methods Forty-four newborns with fractured clavicles in our department from Sept.1994 to Dec. 1997 were analysed retrospectively.Results There were 44 newborns suffered from clavicle frac- ture in 3 135 vaginal deliveries with an incidence of 1.4%.Thirty-four cases(77.26%,34/44)were diagnosed immediately after delivery or before discharge from the hospital.The risk factors for clav- icular fracture include:high birth weight,forceps delivery,shoulder dystocia,and prolonged second stage of labor and persistent occipital transverse or posterior.However,41%(18/44)of cases had no high risk factors.The right clavicle is more likely to be affected,which may be due to the fact that the anterior shoulder was over-pressed as the infant descended through the pelvic outlet under the symphysis pubis.Conclusions Newborn's clavicle fracture is one of the common injuries in vagi- nal delivery.Close attention should be paid during delivery when any of the above mentioned high risk factor is presented,and careful examination of the newborn can not be neglected.

Object\ To provide a basis for the further development, proper utilization and formulation of a standard for the medicinal materials Methods\ By macro and microscopic studies in combination with physicochemical identification The possible therapeutic value of other parts of the plant was briefly discussed Results\ Four obvious distinctive features were observed: ① Stem tuber showed a curved kidney like shaped ② Parenchymatous cells were polygonal shaped and densely packed together with limited intercellular spaces ③ Rich in compound starch grains, and ④ Crystalline calcium oxalate Clusters can be seen. The tubers had an absorbance peak in UV specturm at ? 241 nm , but its adventitious root was devoid of such absorbance peak Conclusion\ The distinctive features are clear and can be mastered easily The adventitious roots must be discarded when the tubers were used as medicine