{L-End}Objective To analyze sound pressure level and spectrum characteristics of noise from various equipment in noise-related worksites in wooden furniture enterprises in Zhongshan City. {L-End}Methods A total of 107 wooden furniture enterprises with equipment sound pressure levels ≥85.0 dB(A) were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method. Individual noise meters were used to detect the sound level and spectrum of equipment in noise-related worksites. Cluster analysis was used to analyze the noise spectrum characteristics of each noise equipment. {L-End}Results The incidence of sound pressure level exceeding the national standard of occupational exposure limits for noise in workplace among the research subjects was 60.4% (365/604). The equipment with the highest sound pressure level was the sliding table saw (rough shape cutting position) at 101.4 dB(A), while the lowest was the sanding machine (grinding position) at 85.0 dB(A). The clustering analysis results showed that the noise spectrum characteristics of nail guns, sliding table saw, edge banders, spray guns, and drilling machines were similar, with the highest sound pressure level of 4 000.0 Hz, mainly concentrating in the high-frequency. The noise spectrum characteristics of punching machines, sanding machine, lathes, and engraving machines were similar, with the highest sound pressure level ranging from 500.0 to 1 000.0 Hz, mainly concentrating in the mid-frequency. The noise spectrum characteristics of drilling machines, planers, hot press machines, and mortise and tenon machines were similar, with the highest sound pressure level ranging from 500.0 to 1 000.0 Hz, mainly concentrating in the mid- and high-frequency. The sound pressure level of the mixer reached its peak at 8 000.0 Hz, demonstrating a wide frequency domain characteristic of sound pressure level with the presence of low-, mid- and high-frequencies. {L-End}Conclusion The noise-exposed hazards of wooden furniture enterprises are relatively serious, and the spectral characteristics of the equipment with noise are distinct. It is recommended to implement targeted noise reduction measures and personal hearing protection based on the specific spectrum characteristics of equipment noise.

Objective:To explore the effects of problem-solving therapy on breastfeeding self-efficacy and psychological status among primiparas, to provide basis for improving the breastfeeding of primipara.Methods:A total of 102 primiparas were divided into experimental group and control group by random number table method, each group contained 51 cases. Finally, 47 cases in the experimental group and 49 cases in the control group completed the study. The control group received routine nursing, while primiparas in the experimental group carried out problem-solving therapy. Before and after 6-week intervention, the effects was assessed by Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale (BSES), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and General Well-being Schedule (GWB), respectively.Results:After intervention, the scores of primapara feedig cognition, feeding feeling, feeding skills and BSES total scores were (21.13±2.97) points, (65.47±6.63) points, (31.94±2.59) points, (118.53±8.47) points in the experimental group, significantly higher than (19.43±3.28) points, (61.76±5.20) points, (30.53±2.01) points, (111.71±6.11) points in the control group ( t values were 2.658-4.507, P<0.01); the scores of EPDS were (6.04±1.49) points in the experimental group, significantly lower than (6.92±2.08) points in the control group; the scores of life satisfaction and interest, depression and pleasure, energy, relaxation and tension in General Well-Being (GWB) and total scores were (7.51±1.71) points, (20.19±2.47) points, (21.68±2.32) points, (17.06±2.74) points, (90.45±4.96) points in the experimental group, significanlty higher than (6.41±1.82) points, (18.71±2.98) points, (20.57±1.87) points, (15.78±1.79) points, (84.61±5.26) points in the control group, the difference was statistically significant ( t values were 2.380-5.587, P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusion:Problem-solving therapy can improve breastfeeding self-efficacy and alleviate postnatal depression as well as enhance subjective well-being of primipara women.

Objective To explore the effect of psychological stress and salivary cortisol on the pregnancy outcome of pregnant women with preterm birth. Methods From January to September 2016, the convenience sampling method was adopted to select 138 pregnant woman with preterm preterm delivery of preterm preterm births in a class of grade 3 obstetrics and gynecology specialized hospitals. Among them, there were 86 pregnant women with preterm birth and 52 with full-term birth. The perceived stress scale ( PSS) combined with saliva cortisol testing to assess subjective and objective psychological stress of pregnant women, using multiple linear regression analysis the relationship of psychological pressure,salivary cortisol and preterm birth. Results The PSS score of 138 prenant woman was 21.5±8.1 with middle-high level. The PSS score of 86 pregnant women with preterm birth were higher those of 52 with full-term birth. The salivary cortisol levels of 8:00am, 16:00pm and 23:00pm in 86 pregnant women with preterm birth were respectively significantly higher than those of 52 with full-term birth (P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that high PSS score and short pregnant weeks with preterm birth were also risk factors for premature birth (all P<0.05). Conclusions High levels of psychological stress and short pregnant weeks are risk factors for premature birth. Health care workers can reduce the incidence of preterm labor by improving the mental state of pregnant women.

Sarcopenia, characterized as the progressive decrease in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, has been becoming one of chronic musculoskeletal diseases in aging people. In basic research studies, a reliable experimental model would be vital significance for deeply understanding pathophysiological mechanism of sarcopenia and developing novel drugs. This review provided a preliminary summary on the potential mechanisms involved in senescence-induced sarcopenia, followed by a discussion on research progress on pharmacology models based on molecular mechanism of senescence, especially from in vitro cell models and in vivo animal models.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate time-related association between fluid balance and prognosis in sepsis patients. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted based on the data of sepsis patients in the Medical Information Database for Intensive Care-IV 2.0 (MIMIC-IV 2.0) from 2008 to 2019. Sepsis patients aged ≥ 18 years who were admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) for at least 2 days were included. The daily fluid balance and cumulative fluid balance (CFB) were calculated from days 1 to 7 after ICU admission. According to CFB,the patients were divided into negative fluid balance group (CFB% < 0%), fluid balance group (0% ≤ CFB% ≤ 10%), and fluid overload group (CFB% > 10%). In-hospital mortality was the primary outcome. Multifactorial Logistic regression was used to analyze time-related association between different CFB and the risk of in-hospital mortality in patients with sepsis during 7 days after ICU admission. In addition, subgroup analysis was performed on patients with septic shock and patients with sepsis who stayed in the ICU for 7 days or longer. RESULTS: A total of 11 437 patients with sepsis were included, of which 6 595 were male and 4 842 were female. The mean age was (64.4±16.4) years. A total of 10 253 patients (89.6%) survived and 1 184 patients (10.4%) died during hospitalization. Compared with the survival group, patients in the death group were older, lighter, had higher sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), simplified acute physiology score II (SAPS II), longer ICU stay, higher incidence of septic shock, and higher proportion of invasive mechanical ventilation, renal replacement therapy (RRT) and vasoactive drugs. In terms of comorbidities, congestive heart failure, renal disease, liver disease, and malignancy were more common in the death group. The death group had a higher daily fluid balance than the survival group during 7 days after ICU admission, the CFB in the two groups gradually increased with length of ICU stay. After adjusting variables such as age, gender, race, SOFA score, SAPS II score, comorbidities, and the use of invasive mechanical ventilation, RRT and vasoactive drugs, multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that fluid overload on day 1 after ICU admission was a protective factor for the reduced risk of in-hospital mortality in sepsis patients [odds ratio (OR) = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was 0.64-0.86, P = 0.001]. However, fluid overload on day 3 was a risk factor for in-hospital mortality in sepsis patients (OR = 1.70, 95%CI was 1.47-1.97, P < 0.001) and the risk of in-hospital mortality was significantly increased from day 4 to day 7. Furthermore, the same results were obtained in patients with septic shock and sepsis patients who stayed in the ICU for 7 days or longer. CONCLUSIONS Fluid overload on day 1 was associated with reduced in-hospital mortality. However, from the third day, fluid overload increases the risk of in-hospital mortality. Thus, managing fluid balance at different times may improve prognosis.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Shock, Septic ; Cohort Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Sepsis ; Intensive Care Units ; Water-Electrolyte Balance ; Heart Failure ; Prognosis