AIM: To investigate the role of nitric oxide in proliferation and secretion of vascular endothelial cells induced by vascular endothelial growth factorr (VEGF). METHODS: The in vitro cultured vascular endothelial cells of rabbit aorta were divided into control group, VEGF-treated group and VEGF+L-NAME treated group, the absorbance (A) value of vascular endothelial cells, endothelin-1(ET-1) and von Willebrand factor (vWF) in the supernatant were examined by WST-1 assay, radioimmunoassay and ELISA. RESULTS: The A value in VEGF and VEGF+L-NAME treated group were higher than that in control group (P

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the anticoagulation effects of warfarin on the lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (LEDVT),and to analyze its influential factors,in order to provide scientific basis for individualized medication of warfarin in the clinic. METHODS:Totally 140 cases of LEDVT were selected and treated with warfarin on the and day after admission with initial dose of 5.0 mg,qd,2.5 mg for following 2 days,orally,qd. The dose of warfarin was adjusted 72 h after medieation according to INR of patients. The dose of warfarin wasused as the maintenance dose when INR reached the anticoagulant target. Clinical data of patients were recorded,and blood biochemical indexes and coagulation function were detected. The influential factors of anticoagu-lation effects were analyzed by multiple-linear regression. At the same time,the results of INR were recorded before medication and 24,48,72 h after medication. RESULTS:INR of patients receiving warfarin had the potential to increase,compared to before medication;24,48,72 h after medication,INR value showed a gradual upward trend,without statistical significance(P>0.05). The change of INR within 24 h after medication was less than that within 24-48 h after medication;the change of INR within 24-48 h after medication was less than that within 48-72 h after medication,with statistical significance (P<0.01). The influence of various factors on the anticoagulant effect of warfarin in descending order was as follows:age,weight,low density lipoprotein cholesterol,plasma albumin,disease duration. Among them,age and low density lipoprotein cholesterol were positively correlated with anticoagulation,while body weight,plasma albumin and disease duration were negatively correlated with anticoagulation. CONCLUSIONS:Both age and body weight are the main influential factors for anticoagulation effect of warfarin. Individualized medication should be implemented in order to improve the anticoagulation effects of warfarin.

Objective To interpret the clinicopathological features and the key factors for diagnosis of polyomavirus-associated nephropathy (PVAN).Methods Clinicopathological data of 13casesof polyomavirus-associatednephropathyduring2008-2011inour hospitalwere retrospectively analyzed.Three cases received repeat biopsy.The clinicopathological features were analyzed according to thelight microscopicsceneandSV40-Timmunochemicalexpression.Results Recipients had a peak incidence of PVAN in 12 to 18 months period after renal transplantation,accompanied by elevated serum creatinine.Due to the progression of the disease,3patterns of histological findings could be identified.The early lesion was confined to the collected ducts,with slightly inflammatory infiltration in medullary interstitium,viral inclusions were not necessarily seen.The only findings could be enlarged nuclear and irregular arrangement of the tubular epithelial cells.At the developing stage,prominent tubulointerstitial nephritis was detected,and the involved tubules extended to other segments of renal tubule,even the parietal epithelial cells of Bowman's capsule could be compromised.The epithelial cells shed off,leading the tubular basement membrane exposed.Typical intra-nuclear inclusions as well as variable nuclear changes were found.At the end stage,the allograft showed notable chronic tubulointersititial change,with diffuse tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis.Although in this period,typical viral inclusions were rare, stillIHCshowedpositiveexpression of SV40-T. After immunosuppressantreductionor exchange,2 cases developed renal failure,4 cases showed sustained increment in serum creatinine,while 7 cases had a stabilized serum creatinine level.Conclusions Polyomavirus-associated nephropathy can display uneven pathological changes,as well as the morphology of the infected epithelial cells.Segments of the involved tubule are associated with the course of disease.Reduction of immunosuppressant at the early stage has a favorable effect.A prompt renal biopsy should be done in renal transplant recipient if who shows increased serum creatinine,and a routine polyomavirus immunohistochemical staining should be applied as well.

Objective To observe the multi-slice spiral CT manifestations of cavernous transformation of the portal vein (CTPV) secondary to tumor emboli from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods MSCT manifestations of 31 patients of HCC with tumor emboli-induced CTPV proved by operation and pathology were collected and the data were retrospectively analyzed. Results Tumor embolus was detected in both the trunk, left and right branches of PV in 23 patients, accompanied with superior mesenteric vein and/or splenic vein and inferior vena cava's tumor embolus in 4 and infiltration of gallbladder in 1 of 23 patients, as well as in the trunk and left branch in 1, and in the trunk and right branch of PV in 5 patients, accompanied with right hepatic vein and/or inferior vena cava's tumor embolus in 2 and in the portal trunk and superior mesenteric vein in 1, only in the right branch in 1 patient, respectively. Tumor emboli were isodense in plain CT scan, but enhanced with obvious degrees in arterial phase and filling defects in portal venous phase. There were collateral vessels around portal vein. Lateral branches around hilar bile duct, the open of venous plexus around fossa of gallbladder, lateral veins around gastric fundus and lesser curvature, lateral veins of lower part of esophagus and expansion of splenic vein were found in 31 (100%), 19 (61.29%), 21 (67.74%), 7 (22.58%) and 15 patients (48.38%), respectively. Conclusion Tumor emboli-induced CTPV from HCC has specific MSCT findings being helpful to the diagnosis.

Objective To improve the recognition of diagnosis, treatment and leukemia transformation of primary myelofibrosis (PMF). Methods One case with PMF which transformed into acute myeloid leukemia (AML) was reported and the literatures on this topic were reviewed. Results The patient was diagnosed according to the 2008 version of the WHO classification of PMF leukemia transformation was diagnosed after 2.5 years. The JAK2 V617F gene mutation was detectable both before and after leukemia transformation. The outcome of low dose chemotherapy could keep a short time. Conclusion JAK2 V617F gene could remain detectable after leukemia transformation in PMF patients. It is difficult to control the disease progress by low dose chemotherapy.

Objective:To understand the basic situation of pharmacy staff in the hospitals in Beijing Xicheng district. Methods:Totally 12 hospitals in Xicheng district were investigated by a questionnaire( including the age,educational degree and professional title of phama-cists) , and the obtained information was classified, gathered and counted, and the evaluation and recommendation were also performed after the combination with regulations and actual work. Results:There were 385 persons working in the pharmacies of the 12 hospitals, which accounted for 7. 56 % of the total health professionals. Among them, 67. 02% were under the age of 40, 83. 11%were undergraduates or specialists, 84. 93% had primary or intermediate titles, 3. 38% had finished standardized training, and 4. 68%were clinical pharmacists. Conclusion:The composition of pharmacy staff can not match the national requirements. It is necessary to optimize the structure of pharmacy staff, improve the level of education, and strengthen the standardized training and clinical pharma-cist training in order to promote the career competence of pharmacists.

AIM To study the effects of doses of cyclophosphamide(CP) on bone histomorphometry in rats,and evaluted the rat model of osteoporosis after cyclophosphamide administration. METHOD CP at doses of 1 5, 4 5 and 13 5 mg?kg -1 were given to the rats orally everyday for 15 days respectively.in addition, soldium chloride used as control group. At the end of 15 days, the right distal femur were processed to undecalcified sections at 4um and 8 ?m for histomorphometric analysis. RESULT Trabecullar bone mass at doses of 4 5 and 13 5 mg?kg -1 CP reduced markedly, While dose of 1 5 mg?kg -1 CP has no influence on trabecullar bone mass.CONCLUSION Cyclophosphamide has stronger influences on bone tissue and structure in rats. It can be used to make the rat model of osteoporosis.

AIM: To investigate timed changes of bone histomorphometry parameters in normal rats of different months and to provide a control prove for research of drugs of antiosteoporosis. METHODS: Thirty two female rats at aged 4.5 months were divided by their weight ( 256.3 ? 25.3 g). Tetracycline derivates and calcein were subcutaneous injected to each rat on two separate occasions where labeled the sites of bone formation. All rats were sacrificed at 0, 30, 75 and 140 days. The undecalcified longitudinal proximal tibial metaphyseal sections were cut and stained for quantitative bone histomorphometriy. RESULTS: The cancellous bone mass increased slowly and then decreased, but there were no significant differences between 4.5 and 10 months. Bone mass kept relatively stable. Both bone formation and bone resorption increased first and then decreased, but there was a significant difference between 4.5 and 10 months, and bone turnover kept stable. CONCLUSION: The body weight and the bone mass parameters keep relatively stable in SD rats during the 4.5 to 10 months, and these rats can be selected as the models for the study of the drugs of antiosteoporosis.

Objective To establish a quantitative evaluation of quality control image for the onboard imaging system of medical linear accelerator.Methods An MV planar image of electronic portal imaging device (EPID) is acquired by both Elekta iViewGT and Varian aS1000,and a kV planar image and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of CBCT are acquired by both Elekta X-ray volume imaging (XVI) and Varian On-board Imager (OBI).Phantoms used here included Las Vegas,TOR18FG,and Catphan504.A series of image quality indicators were evaluated by analyzing the images mentioned above using a quantitative method.Results A quantitative value was calculated to represent the contrast resolution of EPID.A modulation transfer function (MTF) to describe spatial resolution and a quantitative value representing contrast resolution were calculated for the kV planar image.As for the CBCT system,a series of quantitative results of noise,uniformity,CT value accuracy,and contrast resolution and a MTF were calculated to represent the performance of CBCT system.Conclusions Based on common phantoms,a complete set of quantitative methods to evaluate the image quality of EPID and CBCT has been developed,which could provide a very good reference for the establishment of quality control system for image-guided radiotherapy.

Objective To measure the dose to the primary operator and assistant operators by employing eight beam projections commonly used in coronary angiography with and without radiation protection shields in order to supply helpful guidance on radiation protection in cardiac intervention.Methods From 20 to 180 cm above the ground at the primary and assistant operators' locations,a DoseAware personal dose meter was placed in terms of an increment of 20 cm to measure radiation dose.Eight commonly used beam projections were performed,including LAO (left anterior oblique) 45°,RAO (right anterior oblique) 30°,CRAN (cranial)25°,cranial LAO (LAO45°/25°),caudal LAO(LAO45°/ 25°),CAUD (caudal) 25°,cranial RAO (RAO30°/25°),caudal RAO (caudal RAO30°/25°).Under the two different conditions,with or without radiation protection shields,the doses to the operators in the selected beam projections were respectively recorded at nine measuring positions and the shielding factor were calculated.Results The primary operator was effectively protected with radiation protection shields.In the standing area of the primary operator,except for the position at the height of 120 cm (radiation dose rate:0.35-4.78 mSv/h;shielding factor:27.67％-89.33％),the shielding factor for each measuring position was above 91％.Higher radiation doses were found at caudal LAO,LAO,and cranial LAO.The shielding factor for the assisting operator was lower than for the primary operator.In the standing area of the assisting operator (radiation dose rate:0.27-1.86 mSv/h;shielding factor:30.34％-92.13％),the peak levels were found at the height of 80,100,140 cm.And caudal RAO,caudal LAO,CRAN,LAO were found to have received higher radiation doses.Conclusions Emphasis should be attached to the use of radiation shields in coronary angiography.With radiation protection shields,higher dose is still recorded in caudal LAO,LAO,cranial LAO,caudal RAO.Furthermore,it should be paid more attention to radiation protection at 80-140 cm height,and less prolonged exposure should be employed in those beam projections mentioned above.