0 05). It is concluded that the determination of CD 44V6 expression might be useful in assessing breast cancer progression and lymphatic metastasis

As a novel testing method in clinic,the technology of genetic testing and its application appear prosperous in many areas,such as genetic diagnosis,therapy,prevention and biological pharmacy,etc.With the application of the genetic testing,some related ethical,legal and social problems also emerged.A preliminary study is conducted on the potential ethical problems that appear in genetic testing,such as individual mental burden,family relationship,public pressures,etc.Relevant ethical principles are also put forward,especially the admission criteria of genetic testing to provide a reference for the application and management of genetic testing in our country.

Objective To study Twist,E-CD expression in colorectal cancer tissues and its relationship with colorectal cancer invasion,metastasis and prognosis.Methods Immunohistochemical staining (EnVision) was used to detect E-CD,Twist expression of normal colon mucosa in 30 cases,colorectal adenoma in 30 cases and colorectal cancer tissues in 142 cases.Chi-square、Fisher's and Spearman test were used to analyze E-CD and Twist protein expression,Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and multivariate COX regression were used to analyze prognosis of patients.Results E-CD in the normal mucosa were positively expressed in 90％ cases,which was significantly higher than that in colorectal adenomas (63％) (P =0.046) and colorectal cancer tissues (42％) (P =0.000).E-CD expression was related to tumor differentiation (P =0.048),invasion depth (P =0.000),vein (P =0.000) and lymph vessel invasions (P =0.030),lymph node metastasis (P =0.001) and Dukes' stage (P =0.016),but not related to patient's age(P =0.174),gender(P =0.159),tumor size (P =0.628) and tumor histological type (P =0.153).1,3,5 year survival rate in patients with positive E-CD expression was significantly higher than that in patients with negative expression (P =0.000).Positive expression rate of Twist in colorectal cancer tissues (68％) was significantly higher than that in normal mucosa (20％,P =0.000) and colorectal adenomas (30％,P =0.000).Twist expression was related to tumor histological type (P =0.000),differentiation(P =0.000),invasion depth(P =0.000),vein(P =0.000) and lymph vessel invasions(P =0.000),lymph node metastasis(P =0.010) and Dukes' stage(P =0.000).1,3,5 year's survival rate of Twist-negative expression patients was significantly higher than that in patients with positive expression (P =0.000).E-CD and Twist in colorectal cancer tissues were negatively correlated (r =-0.530,P =0.000).COX multivariate analysis shows that vein invasion (P =0.045),lymph node metastasis (P =0.040),Dukes' stage (P =0.000),E-CD (P =0.003) and Twist (P =0.031) were independent prognostic indicators.Conclusions E-CD and Twist expression in colorectal cancer are related to tumor invasion,metastasis and prognosis.Low E-CD expression and high Twist expression are related to poor prognosis of colorectal cancer patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of a new immunoglobulin gene SNC73 in malignant tumor and normal tissue and its significance.

METHODSExpression level of SNC73 in tumors and normal tissues was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (RT-PCR-ELISA) in 90 malignant tumors, including colorectal cancer, gastric cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer and liver cancer. Analysis on relation of SNC73 expression with age, sex, site, differentiation grade, depth of invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer was made to assess the clinical significance of SNC73.

RESULTSMean ratio of SNC73 expression level in normal mucosa and colorectal cancer tissue was 7.134 (P < 0.01). Expression of SNC73 showed no significant difference among gastric cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer or liver cancer as compared with the control normal tissues (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONDown-regulation of SNC73 expression is a relatively specific phenomenon in colorectal cancer for which development SNC73 may be a potential genetic marker. The study on relationship of SNC73 expression with development of colorectal cancer is promising.

Colorectal Neoplasms ; genetics ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Humans ; Immunoglobulins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Male ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Proteins ; genetics

OBJECTIVE: To develop a new method for evaluating the inhibitory effect of aspirin on platelet by the three-dimensional (3D) morphological parameters. METHODS: The sodium citrate-anticoagulant peripheral blood samples collected from 12 healthy volunteers were divided into 2 groups: group treated with 200 μmol/L acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), and control group. The platelets in the 2 groups were washed and purified. The purified platelets were added into reaction pools modified with type I collagen and induced to activation and aggregation under static condition. The 3D morphology of the formed platelet aggregate was measured by the laser shape microscopic system. Meanwhile, the platelet function was detected by turbidometric light transmittance aggregometry (LTA). RESULTS: This technology could acquire the shape, height and 3D morphology of the platelet aggregates without label, and could quantify their volume parameters. ASA treatment could obviously change the morphology of platelet aggregates. Compared with the parameters of control group, the volume of platelet aggregates in experimental group decreased significantly (t=8.97, P<0.01), while the cross-sectional area showed no significant change (t=1.94, P>0.05). The receiver-operating characteristic curve(ROC) analysis showed that the platelet aggregate volume as a parameter to identify the ASA inhibition effect had 91.7% sensitivity and 75% specificity when the cut-off value equal to 1395 μm, and its accuracy and sensitivity were both better than those of platelet aggregates rate measured by LTA method. CONCLUSION The new method developed for evaluating the ASA inhibition of platelet aggregation may provide a complementary strategy for researching and clinically evaluating of ASA anti-platelet aggregation in future.
Aspirin ; Blood Platelets ; Hemostasis ; Humans ; Platelet Aggregation ; Platelet Function Tests

Objective To explore the inhibitory effect of aspirin and clopidogrel on platelet adhesion and aggregation behaviors under the physiological flow condition using microfluidic chip technology for health volunteers. Methods Peripheral venous blood samples collected from twelve randomly recruited health volunteers were treated with 20 μmol/L acetylsalicylic acid,50 μmol/L 2-methlthioadenosine-5'-monophosphate triethylammonium salt,and their combination,respectively,with untreated blood samples being control group. The blood samples were flowed through a microchannel modified with type I collagen protein at a physiological relevant shear rate of 1000 s for 300 s,while the fluorescent images of platelet aggregations were dynamic captured using a microscope. Based on the images,the platelet coverage rates were calculated and used as quantitative parameters for evaluating platelet adhesion and aggregation behaviors. Results Under a flow condition of 1000 s shear rate,an expected in vivo-like platelet adhesion and aggregation behaviors were observed at the surfaces of collagen proteins for control blood samples. Aspirin alone or clopidogrel alone suppressed platelet adhesion and aggregation at the later period of flow(200-300 s),while the combination of aspirin and clopidogrel reduced the adhesion numbers of platelets at the earlier stage of flow(≤150 s) and compromised the stability of platelet aggregation at the later period of flow(200-300 s). The combination showed synergistic effect in inhibiting platelet aggregation. Furthermore,such inhibitory effect was heterogeneous among 12 volunteers. Conclusion This simple microfluidic technology can offer a new technical platform for analyzing the inhibitory effect of antiplatelet drugs.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of gradient shear stress on platelet aggregation by microfluidic chip Technology. METHODS: Microfluidic chip was used to simulate 80% fixed stenotic microchannel, and the hydrodynamic behavior of the stenotic microchannel model was analyzed by the finite element analysis module of sollidwork software. Microfluidic chip was used to analyze the adhesion and aggregation behavior of platelets in patients with different diseases, and flow cytometry was used to detect expression of the platelet activation marker CD62p. Aspirin, Tirofiban and protocatechuic acid were used to treat the blood, and the adhesion and aggregation of platelets were observed by fluorescence microscope. RESULTS: The gradient fluid shear rate produced by the stenosis model of microfluidic chip could induce platelet aggregation, and the degree of platelet adhesion and aggregation increased with the increase of shear rate within a certain range of shear rate. The effect of platelet aggregation in patients with arterial thrombotic diseases were significantly higher than normal group (P<0.05), and the effect of platelet aggregation in patients with myelodysplastic disease was lower than normal group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION The microfluidic chip analysis technology can accurately analyze and evaluate the platelet adhesion and aggregation effects of various thrombotic diseases unde the environment of the shear rate, and is helpful for auxiliary diagnosis of clinical thrombotic diseases.
Humans ; Microfluidics ; Platelet Adhesiveness ; Platelet Aggregation ; Blood Platelets/metabolism* ; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors/pharmacology* ; Platelet Activation/physiology* ; Thrombosis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of a microfluidic platelet function test platform (MPFTP) previously established by our research group. METHODS: The effects of flow shear rate and storage time on platelet function test were analyzed taking the MPFTP as the object. The intra-assay variability of the MPFTP was evaluated. The function of platelet in peripheral venous blood from 24 healthy volunteers was assessed using the MPFTP and light transmission turbidity, either in the presence of 20 μmol/L acetylsalicylic acid (AS, an inhibitor of cyclooxygenase 1) or 50 μmol/L 5-phospho-2-methylthioadenosine (2-MeSAMP, a P2Y₁₂ receptor inhibitor). The diagnostic performance of both methods in assaying platelet function inhibition by AS and 2-MeSAMP was analyzed by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. RESULTS: Under the flow shear rate of 1 500 s^-1, our MPFTP could dynamically monitor platelet adhesion and aggregation, as well as quantify platelet function. Platelet aggregation increased with the increase of flow shear rate, while sample storage at room temperature for up to 5 h did not affect results of platelet function test. The intra-assay variability coefficient of variation of the MPFTP was <15%. The area under the curve of ROC showed that this platform had good diagnostic performance in the identification of platelet function inhibition by AS and 2-MeSAMP. CONCLUSION This MPFTP shows good analytical performance for the assay of platelet function and can be developed into a new clinical platelet function test device in the future.
Humans ; Platelet Function Tests

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the endoscope combined with microscope for the microvascular decompression in hemifacial spasm. Methods: A total of 26 patients underwent endoscope combined with microscopic facial nerve microvascular decompression through retrolabyrinthine approach from January 2013 to December 2016 were retrospectively reviewed in Ear Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine. Among them, 9 were male and 17 were female, with a mean age of (51.9±11.4) years;15 cases of left side and 11 of right side patients were followed up for 1-3 years. The pre-and post-operative Cohen Classification was used for hemifacial spasm, House-Brackmann Grade for facial nerve function, hearing level and complication rates were reviewed. SPSS 19.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: All 26 patients were operated successfully. No recurrence was seen during 1-3 year follow-up. Post-operative Cohen Grade were as follows: 25 cases with Cohen Grade I and 1 case with Cohen Grade II. The difference in Cohen grade between pre-and post-operative was statistically significant (Z=-4.87, P<0.01). Post-operative facial nerve function was satisfactory in all patients (House-Brackmann Grade I-II in all patients). No hearing loss was observed. No facial paralysis and other lower cranial nerve dysfunction were observed. No postoperative complications such as cerebrospinal fluid leakage occurred. Conclusions Using an angled endoscope combined with microscope in microvascular decompression in hemifacial spasmis is safe and effective.

OBJECTIVETo explore the safety and efficacy of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) in preventing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in patients with breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to provide the basis for clinical application.

METHODSAccording to the principle of open-label, randomized, parallel-group controlled clinical trial, all patients were randomized by 1∶1∶1 into three groups to receive PEG-rhG-CSF 100 μg/kg, PEG-rhG-CSF 6 mg, or rhG-CSF 5 μg/kg, respectively. The patients with breast cancer received two chemotherapy cycles, and the NSCLC patients received 1-2 cycles of chemotherapy according to their condition. All patients were treated with the combination chemotherapy of TAC (docetaxel+ epirubicin+ cyclophosphamide) or TA (docetaxel+ epirubicin), or the chemotherapy of docetaxel combined with carboplatin, with a 21 day cycle.

RESULTSThe duration of grade 3-4 neutropenia in the PEG-rhG-CSF 100 μg/kg and PEG-rhG-CSF 6 mg groups were similar with that in the rhG-CSF 5 μg/kg group (P>0.05 for all). The incidence rate of grade 3-4 neutropenia in the PEG-rhG-CSF 100 μg/kg group, PEG-rhG-CSF 6 mg group, and G-CSF 5 μg/kg group were 69.7%, 68.4%, and 69.5%, respectively, with a non-significant difference among the three groups (P=0.963). The incidence rate of febrile neutropenia in the PEG-rhG-CSF 100 μg/kg group, PEG-rhG-CSF 6 mg group and G-CSF 5 μg/kg group were 6.1%, 6.4%, and 5.5%, respectively, showing no significant difference among them (P=0.935). The incidence rate of adverse events in the PEG-rhG-CSF 100 μg/kg group, PEG-rhG-CSF 6 mg group and G-CSF 5 μg / kg group were 6.7%, 4.1%, and 5.5%, respectively, showing a non-significant difference among them (P=0.581).

CONCLUSIONSIn patients with breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing TAC/TA chemotherapy, a single 100 μg/kg injection or a single fixed 6 mg dose of PEG-rhG-CSF at 48 hours after chemotherapy show definite therapeutic effect with a low incidence of adverse events and mild adverse reactions. Compared with the continuous daily injection of rhG-CSF 5 μg/kg/d, a single 100 μg/kg injection or a single fixed 6 mg dose of PEG-rhG-CSF has similar effect and is more advantageous in preventing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.

Antineoplastic Agents ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Breast Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Carboplatin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; drug therapy ; Cyclophosphamide ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Epirubicin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Female ; Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Incidence ; Induction Chemotherapy ; Lung Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Neutropenia ; chemically induced ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Polyethylene Glycols ; Recombinant Proteins ; administration & dosage ; Taxoids ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects