Studies on promoting thermogenesis of brown and beige adipose tissue have become a hot topic in various metabolic conditions, which based on the conclusions that brown and beige adipose tissue are able to facilitate weight loss and improve metabolic health.However, recent studies showed that there were several problems for the anti-obesity application via promoting brown/beige adipose tissue thermogenesis.In obese individuals, classical brown adipose tissue presents thermogenesis dysfunction.Moreover, the beige adipose tissue has significantly lower thermogenesis capability compared with brown adipose tissue.On such conditions, excessively excited sympathetic innervation is essential to increase energy consumption in obesity via increasing classic brown adipose thermogenesis and inducing white adipose tissue browning.However, excessive excited sympathetic nerve results in cardiovascular side effects.Additionally, excessive induction of white adipose tissue browning might disrupt the white adipose tissue homeostasis and aggravate the intrinsic metabolic disorders.Therefore, solving these practical application problems of brown/beige adipose tissue is a new research area for improving metabolic disorders.

This study was aimed to establish the determination method of nineorganic solvent residues of macrop-orous resin. Headspace capillary gas chromatography (GC) was used in the content determination of hexane, benzene, methyl-benzene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, styrene, diethyl-benzene and divinyl-benzene of macroporousresin residues in Ginkgo leaf tablets. The results showed that ninemacroporous resin residues in Ginkgo leaf tablets were completely separated. The calibration curves were in good linearity (r=0.9992-0.9998). The average recoveries were 80%-110%. It was concluded that themethod was accurate, quick, and sensitive, which can be used to determine the macroporous resin residues in Ginkgo leaf tablets.

This article is aimed to provide a method for the simultaneous analysis of five heavy metals, including Cu, As, Pb, Cd, and Hg, in Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Gastrodiae Rhizoma through ICP-MS. Five heavy metals were determined by an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry method after microwave-assisted digestion. The linear correlation coefficients were all better than 0.999. The lowest limits of quantification for all target elements were 0.003 0.134 ug·L-1, while the recovery values ranged from 80.04% 118.34%. This method was accurate, convenient, rapid, and highly sensitive, and can be applied to determine five heavy metals, including Cu, As, Pb, Cd, and Hg in Chuanxiong Rhizoma and Gastrodiae Rhizoma.

This study was aimed to screen main active site to reduce blood lipid from Xin-Mai (XM) capsule and establish HPLC fingerprint of the site, in order to study the correlativity between active site and relevant fractions of its herbs. Solvent extraction was used to separate XM capsule into different polar fractions. Intraperitoneal injection of 75% egg-yolk emulsion was used to establish mice hyperlipidemia models. And the active site was screened. Chromatographic fingerprints of the site and relevant fractions of its herbs were configured by HPLC analysis. The
retention time of peaks was utilized as index to evaluate the correlativity. The results showed that lipid-lowering effect of ethyl acetate extract and garlic essential oil was significant (P<0.01). Fingerprint of the active site in XM capsule was established with 28 fingerprint peaks and the assignment results of 27 peaks were indicated. It was concluded that the active sites to reduce blood lipid of XM capsule were ethyl acetate extract and garlic essential oil. The established fingerprint method can effectively determine the correlativity between the active site and its relevant fractions, which contributed to pharmacodynamic material foundation and quality standard.

This study was aimed to optimize the ethanol extraction technology ofXiao-Xu-Ming (XXM) decoction. The extraction rates of paeoniflorin, ferulic acid, tetrandrine and yield extract were used as comprehensive evaluation indexes. The amount of ethanol, extraction times, extraction time and concentration of ethanol were selected as factors. The orthogonal design was used to optimize ethanol reflux extraction technology of XXM decoction. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions were as follows: refluxing extracted 3 times with 10 folds, 70% ethanol, 1.5 h for each time. It was concluded that the optimized extraction process was objective, practical, reasonable and stable, which provided experimental basis for industrial production of XXM decoction.

This paper was aimed to study effects of different preparation methods on the content of ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 in Yi-Xin-Shu (YXS) tablets by HPLC-ELSD.HPLC-ELSD was used as the detection method.The separation and content of ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 were used as indexes.The influences of three different preparation methods (i.e.,defatted alcohol extraction and butanol extraction,alcohol extraction and butanol extraction,alcohol extraction and butanol extraction ammonia solution washing) on the effect of YXS tablets were studied.Then,the same content determination method was used to compare the influence of alkali washing treatment to ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 among different batches of Panax ginseng.The results showed that a good separation of ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 component peak of YXS tablets was achieved by three kinds of separation methods.The separation degree was greater than 1.5.Ammonia solution washing had some effect on ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 content,which made the content of ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 be 1.5-1.8 times to those without alkali washing.No effect was shown on the content of ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 during ammonia solution washing.It was concluded that some other ginsenosides can be transferred into ginsenosides Rg1,Re and Rb1 in YXS tablets solution after ammonia solution washing.

This study was aimed to improve the transfer rate of sinomenine in the intermediate product of Caulis Sinomenii in order to optimize the purification process of intermediate product ofCaulis Sinomenii fromTong-An (TA) injection. The transfer rate of sinomenine and the stability of fingerprints in the intermediate product of Caulis Sinomenii were used as indexes for the investigation on the impact from different pH ofCaulis Sinomenii extract before extraction. The transfer rate of sinomenine was used as an index for the investigation on the impact by different pH of hydrochloric acid created to dry extract solution. The transfer rate of sinomenine was used as an index for the investigation of four separation ways, which included the vacuum filtration, plate and frame filters, high-speed tube separator, and flat direct centrifuge, on the liquid separation of sinomenium acutum acid. The results showed that the pH ofCaulis Sinomenii extract before extraction was 10-11; the transfer rate of sinomenine was the highest in the extraction process and the fingerprints of TA injection was stable. The pH of hydrochloric acid was 2.0-2.5; and the highest transfer rate of sinomenine in acid dissolution process was 92.94%. The high-speed tube separator had the best separation to sinomenium acutum acid-dissolving liquid. The highest transfer rate of sinomenine was 93.34%. It was concluded that the optimized process can effectively improve the transfer rate of sinomenine in the intermediate product ofCaulis Sinomenii. Meanwhile, fingerprints of the product were stable. The process was simple with good repeatability.

This study was aimed to develop the method for determination of mannitol and meglumine in diterpene lactones of Ginkgo Injection. The HPLC-ELSD was used to determine mannitol and meglumine in diterpene lactones of Ginkgo Injection. The analysis was carried out on Waters XBridge Amide (4.6 mm í 150 mm, 3.5 μm) column. The mobile phase was the mixture of acetonitrile, and 50 mmol·mL-1 ammonium acetate with a linear gradient elu-tion at a flow rate of 1.0 mL·min-1. The column temperature wad maintained at 30℃. The operating conditions of the ELSD were a nebulizer nitrogen with the flow rate of 2.0 L·min-1 and an evaporator tube at the temperature of 90℃. The results showed that mannitol had a good linear relationship in a range of 1.9665 μg - 19.665 μg. The average recovery rate was 100.57% (RSD = 0.92%, n = 9). The meglumine showed a good linear relationship in a range of 0.4838 μg - 4.638 μg. The average recovery rate was 100.67% (RSD = 0.72%, n = 9). It was concluded that this method was simple and accurate with good reproducibility. It met with the requirement of the determination of the contents of mannitol and meglumine in diterpene lactones of Ginkgo Injection.

Objective: To explore the treatment outcome of triangular osteosynthesis (TOS) for the treatment of unilateral Isler type II lumbosacral junction injuries (LSJIs). Methods: Data of sixteen patients with unilateral Isler type II LSJIs surgically who were treated in our Hospital from March 2015 to February 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 13 males and 3 females with an average age of 35.5 years (range, 24-61 years). Seven patients were multiple injuries including head, thoracic, musculoskeletal and nerve injuries. According to Isler classification of LSJIs, there were 5 cases of type IIa, 9 of type IIb and 2 of type IIc. All the LSJIs combined with ipsilateral sacral fractures. The sacral fractures were classified by Denis classification with 1 case of zone I, 13 cases of zone II and 2 cases of zone III. According to Tile classification of pelvic fractures, there were 3 cases of type B2, 11 of type C1 and 2 of type C3. There were 3 cases combined with sacral nerve injury among which there were 2 cases of grade II and 1 case of grade III according to Gibbons classification of neurologic deficits. All cases were surgically treated with triangular osteosynthesis. There were 14 cases combined with iliosacral screws fixation in S₁ and 2 cases combined with posterior locking plates. Results: All patients were followed up for 20.6 months (range, 16-30 months). CT scan was conducted 12 to 24 months after surgery which showed all the sacral fractures were union, and 2 cases achieved bony fusion in L₅S₁ facets while the other 14 didn’t. According to Majeed’s pelvic injury evaluation, clinical outcomes were rated with excellent in 12 cases, good in 2 cases, fair in 2 cases. The excellent and good rate was 87.5% (14/16) . According to Mears-Velyvis evaluation criterion, there were 14 cases with anatomical reduction and 2 cases with satisfactory reduction. Among the 3 cases with sacral nerve injury, 2 cases were improved from Gibbons grade II to grade I and the other 1 case was improved from Gibbons grade III to grade II, still feeling numbness on the lateral foot. There were no intraoperative complications in all patients such as neurovascular injuries. No incision infection, fat liquefaction and other incision related complications occurred postoperatively. Irritation and pain in iliac spine about prominent implant occurred in 1 case and lumboscaral stiffness in 1 case, in which the symptom relieved and disappeared after implants removal. Conclusion Triangular osteosynthesis can provide enough stabilization for Isler type II LSJIs and achieve satisfactory outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the effects of periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) in treating borderline developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).Methods:The patients with borderline DDH [lateral center-edge angle (LCEA): 18°-25°) who received PAO with follow-up duration for more than 2 years from January 2011 to January 2018 in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The patients in the control group were matched on a 1∶2 ratio based on gender, age, body mass index (BMI) and follow-up duration. There were 66 patients in the 0°≤LCEA<10° group and 66 patients in the 10°≤LCEA<18° group. The LCEA, anterior center-edge angle (ACEA), T?nnis angle, femoral head extrusion index, femoro-epiphyseal acetabular roof (FEAR) index, femoral anteversion angle, West Ontario and McMaster University (WOMAC) index and International Hip Outcome Tool (iHOT-12) were compared among the three groups before operation and the last follow-up.Results:In the preoperative 18°≤LCEA<25° group, three of 33 patients (9.1%) had LCEA, because the only imaging feature suggested acetabular dysplasia, while other parameters were evaluated within the normal range. There were 17 patients with ACEA <20° (51.5%), 24 patients (72.7%) with T?nnis angle >10°, 12 patients (36.4%) with ACEA <20° and T?nnis angle >10°. The positive rate of posterior wall signs in the 18°≤LCEA<25° group (72.7%) was lower than that in the 10°≤LCEA<18° group (77.3%) and the 0°≤LCEA<10° group (90.9%) with statistically significant difference (χ 2=6.417, P=0.040) at preoperation. The positive rate of cross sign (27.3%) and ischial spine sign (48.5%) in the 18°≤LCEA<25° group were higher than those in the 10°≤LCEA<18° group (10.6% and 18.2%, respectively, χ 2=7.002, P=0.030) and the 0°≤LCEA<10° groups (9.1% and 13.6%, respectively, χ 2=16.497, P<0.001). The FEAR index in the 18°≤LCEA<25° group (3.7±8.0) lower than that in the 10°≤LCEA<18° group (4.3±7.9) and the 0°≤LCEA<10° group (11.0±8.8) with significant difference ( F=12.703, P<0.001). In the 18°≤LCEA<25° group, postoperative LCEA increased from 20.4°±1.8° to 37.8°±7.1°, ACEA increased from 18.3°±7.8° to 36.3°±6.3°. T?nnis angle decreased from 12.7°±6.2° to -5.6°±9.2°, the femoral head extrusion index decreased from 22.9%±6.7% to 10.7%±12.2%, the WOMAC index decreased from 20.1±13.4 to 6.0±6.3, and the iHOT-12 score increased from 50.2±19.9 to 90.0±13.7. The above difference before and after surgery was statistically significant ( P<0.05). At the last follow-up, the WOMAC score in the 18°≤LCEA<25° group was 6.0±6.3, wich was less than 10°≤LCEA<18° group (9.3±9.6) and 0°≤LCEA<10° group (12.0±16.0) ( F=6.515, P=0.002). The iHOT-12 score in the 18°≤LCEA<25° group was 90.0±13.7, which was greater than 10°≤LCEA<18° group (77.7±17.3) and 0°≤LCEA<10° group (78.1±20.5) ( F=15.833, P<0.001). Conclusion:After 2 years follow-up, PAO significantly improved bone coverage of femoral head and hip function in patients with borderline DDH. Before surgery, we should pay attention to the comprehensive evaluation of different radiological parameters of the acetabulum, to make better preoperative planning.