0.05). The main toxicities were well tolerated and consisted of leukopenia,nausea/vomiting and peripheral neuritis. Grades Ⅲ-Ⅳ nausea/vomiting,renal toxicity and cardiac insufficiency occurred more frequently in the control group,peripheral neuritis occurred more frequently in the study group (P

Subergorgic acid is one of marine neurotoxins. It has a unique chemical structure. This article reviews its isolation and structural determination, total synthesis,derivatives preparation,biologic activities and potential applications.

Objective To determine the mechanism underlying the mandibular angle enlargement and to provide a morphological basis for correcting the enlarged mandibular angle. Methods By axial computed tomography, it is possible to measure the width and length of the masseter and the medial pterygoid, the gonial angle, and the vertical height of the posterior mandible. The date were initially analysed by using a simple correctionials and indpendent sample T test. Results The distance between two Go points and gonial angle were significantly related with the thickness of masseter muscle, but the thickness of the medial pterygoid was on the contrary. There was significant differences between the group of prominence and the normal control in the gonial angle, the distance between two Go points and thickness of masseter . But there was no difference between the the two groups in the thickness of medial pterygoid. Conclusion The thickness of the masseter muscle is an important factor that affects the lower facial morphology. The hypertrophy of masserter muscle may cause the mandibular angle enlargement.

Objective To investigate the changes of the constitution and its ratio of collagen fiber in the process of masseter reattachment following different osteotomies of the prominent mandibular angle so as to offer guidance for the resection of mandibular angle. Methods Sixteen adult goats were randomized into four groups. In group A we performed unilateral curved osteotomy of the mandibular angle. In group B unilateral curved ostectomy was performed with partial masseter resection. In group C unilateral angle splitting ostectomy, while in group D unilateral dissection of the masseter muscle was conducted. The constitution and its ratio of collagen fiber in the interface were observed at 1-month, 2-month, 3-month, and 6-month after operation. Results On the changes of collagen fiber in the process of muscular reattachment, at 1-month post-operation, the constitution of collagen fiber (types Ⅰ and Ⅲ) in groups A and B were significantly different from that of control group (P<0.05). However, both groups C and D had no statistic difference from control group (P>0.05). At 2-month, 3-month and 6-month post-operation, those of all experimental groups had no statistic difference from control group. And with time, the percentage of collagen fiber type Ⅰ increased and type Ⅲ decreased gradually. Conclusion The recovery sequences of masseter muscle reattachment in this study are firstly group C, secondly group A and finally group B. It suggests that the recoveries of mastication and other oral activities are different. Group B turns out to be with a slow muscle reattachment. Thus, we recommend treating different kinds of mandibular hypertrophy with different ostectomies.

AIM:To observe the expression of cyclin E in the lungs of asthmatic rats and to evaluate the role of cyclin E in airway remodeling with asthma. METHODS:Twenty Wistar rats were randomized to the asthma group and control group (10 rats in each group). The rats were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin to establish the asthmatic model. Airway inflammation was observed by HE staining. The thickness of the bronchial wall (WA/Pi) was measured by computer-assisted image analysis system. The cell cycle distribution of monocytes in peripheral blood was analyzed by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of cyclin E was detected by realtime RT-PCR. The protein expression of cyclin E was assayed by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS:The thickness of the bronchial wall in asthma group was significantly higher than that in control group (P

Objective To evaluate the activity of Ca2+ /CaN-NFATc, and study its association with the imbalance of TH1/ TH2 in asthmatic rat lungs. Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats were random divided to the asthma group and control group, twelve rats each group. The rats were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin to establish the asthmatic model. The pulmonary function of rats was surveyed and evaluated u-sing Maclab system. Airway inflammation and the thickness of bronchial wall ( WAt/Pi) were observed by H. E staining. The quantity of Ca2+ , the activity of CaN , the protein expression of dephosphorylated NFATc and the level of IL-4 and IL-2 were assayed.Results Compared with control group, the thickness of bronchial wall was significantly increased ( t = -7. 99, P <0. 01), the airway resistance was higher( t = 2.59, P <0.05) and the respiration frequency was faster( t =7.94, P <0.01) ,but the minute ventilation volume was lower( t =6. 87, P <0.01) in asthma group. The levels of IL-4 and the IL-4/ IL-2 ratio in rat lungs of asthma group were significantly higher than those in control group ( t = -8.69, P <0. 01; t = 11.40, P <0. 01 .respectively) , however, the levels of IL-2 in asthma group were lower than that in control group ( t =8. 29, P <0. 01). The activity of CaN and the protein expression of dephosphorylated NFATc in asthma group were higher than those in control group( t = -2. 91, P <0.01; t = -22.45, P <0.01,respectively) ,but the quantity of Ca2+ in asthma group was lower than that in control group( t =4. 747, P < 0.01). There wag a positive correlation between the activity of CaN and the protein expression of dephos-phorylated NFATc( r =0. 39, P <0.05) ,so did between the protein expression of dephosphorylated NFATc and the IL-4/ IL-2 ratio( r =0. 83-, P <0.01) ,and the same between the thickness of bronchial wall and the IL-4/ IL-2 ratio( r = 0. 84, P < 0.01). Conclusions The activity of CaN-NFATc was increased in rat lungs of asthma group, and the rising of which might increase the ratio IL-4/ IL-2. Thus, the signal of CaN-NFATc probably took part in the imbalance of TH1/ TH2 in asthmatic rat lungs.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the treatment for spinal metastases by cooled microwave ablation combined with percutaneous vertebro plasty(PVP).Methods From February 2014 to January 2017,24 patients with spinal metastases were treated with cooled microwave ablation combined with PVP,including 14 males and 10 females with an average age of 58.2 years (range,32 to 73).Preoperatively all the patients suffered with the local pain and the spinal cord or nerve root compression symptoms.The locations of the lesions included:14 in the thoracic and 10 in the lumbar.The primary tumors type:lung cancer 6 cases,breast cancer 3 cases,liver cancer 2 cases,kidney cancer 2 cases,gastric cancer 1 case,prostate cancer 1 case,ovarian cancer 1 case,osteosarcoma 1 case,fibrosarcoma 1 case,colon cancer 1 case,and unknown source tumor 5 cases.The preoperative Tomita score was 4-7 points (mean 6.3 points),and the Tokuhashi score was 8-11 points (average 9.3 points).23 patients with the spinal metastatic were treated with cooled microwave ablation combined with PVP.1 patient were treated with cooled microwave ablation only.The clinical outcomes were evaluated using visual analogue scale (VAS) and Frankel grading.The local control rate was evaluated by imaging.Resuits All cases were followed up for 5 to 36 months.The tumor volume size was 3.2-12.1 cm3 by preoperative measurement.Each lesion was heated to 3-7 hot zones.Each hot zone was heated for 5 minutes.The total heating time was 15-35 minutes (mean 22.1 minutes).The temperature inside the lesion was (56.2±5.83) ℃.The temperature inside the spinal canal was (33.6±5.14) ℃.The visual analogue scale (VAS) of the 24 patients at 24 hours and 3 months after operation was statistically different from the preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS).The Frankel grading of 19 patients had at least one grade improvement 3 months after operation.6 cases died due to systemic multiple metastases 5-8 months after surgery.9 patients had more than one organ metastasis or bone metastasis during follow-up,and survived with tumors.The remaining 9 cases did not recur or transfer during the follow up period.No nerve damage or other complications were observed in all patients.Conclusion The cooled microwave ablation combined with PVP could relieve the pain in spinal metastases,relieve the nerve compression,and reconstruct the stability,which is a safe and effective palliative surgical method.

Objective To investigate the feasibility of spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymph nodes dissection on the radical resection for advanced proximal gastric cancer. Methods Six patients with advanced proximal gastric cancer were performed D2 lymphadenectomy from May 2012 to May 2013 in our hospital. The operation time,bleeding quantity,the number of lymph nodes,postoperative complications were re-corded. Results The surgery was successful. The intraoperative blood loss was 50 ~250 mL,with the average of 120 mL. The number of lymph nodes was 3~9 after the operation with the average of 5. One patient supervened with lymphorrhagia and recovered after treatment. During the follow-up period from one month to one year, no local recurrence and distant metastasis occurred, nor the death. Conclusion Conducting theD2 lymphadenectomy for the patients with the advanced proximal gastric cancer can preserve the spleen while safely and throughly dissect the splenic hilar lymph nodes.

Studies on promoting thermogenesis of brown and beige adipose tissue have become a hot topic in various metabolic conditions, which based on the conclusions that brown and beige adipose tissue are able to facilitate weight loss and improve metabolic health.However, recent studies showed that there were several problems for the anti-obesity application via promoting brown/beige adipose tissue thermogenesis.In obese individuals, classical brown adipose tissue presents thermogenesis dysfunction.Moreover, the beige adipose tissue has significantly lower thermogenesis capability compared with brown adipose tissue.On such conditions, excessively excited sympathetic innervation is essential to increase energy consumption in obesity via increasing classic brown adipose thermogenesis and inducing white adipose tissue browning.However, excessive excited sympathetic nerve results in cardiovascular side effects.Additionally, excessive induction of white adipose tissue browning might disrupt the white adipose tissue homeostasis and aggravate the intrinsic metabolic disorders.Therefore, solving these practical application problems of brown/beige adipose tissue is a new research area for improving metabolic disorders.

Objective To investigate the approach and clinical efficacy of second repair surgery according to the nose and mouth contour design of unilateral cleft lip.Methods Based on the characteristics of anatomy,mechanics and deformity of the cleft lip,we designed a surgical incision of nasolabial contour lines with reference to the horizontal and central vertical lines and the contour.After careful investigation of classic procedures and clinical practice,unilateral cleft lip was repaired by overall stage Ⅱ surgical procedures.Results Application of this surgical method with satisfactory clinical efficacy had been achieved.Conclusions The second stage repair personalized surgical methods of unilateral cleft lip designed according to the nose and mouth contour can achieve maximal correction of malformation and beautiful appearance.