Objiective To provide the applied anatomy for the eyebrow lifting plasty. Methods The clinical surgical anatomy of the eyebrow region were studied bilaterally in 15 embalmed cadaveric heads and 9 fresh adult cadaveric heads. The cross sections of 2 embalmed cadaveric heads were observed. Results ⑴ A lot of fibrous tissue origined from the dermis of eyebrow attached to the SMAS. The eyebrow was moved by those fibrous tissue when the frontalis contracted. ⑵ The eyebrow was moved on the loosen layer under the SMAS. Conclusions ⑴ The loosen layer under the SMAS is the anatomic basis of eyebrow movement. ⑵ The basic methods of eyebrow lifting are the skin excision or suspension and restoration of the eyebrow.

Objective To establish a clinical score system of giant cell tumors (GCT) according to its morphological features presented on three-dimensional (3D) computed tomographic imaging. Methods Sixteen patients with GCT around knee were included from January 2006 to March 2009. Of the tumors, 9 were located in the distal part of femur, and 7 were in proximal part of tibia. Each patient was exposed to spiral CT preoperatively. Then these primitive CT dates were inputted into digital Orthopedics clinical research platform. With 3D surfaces reconstruction and volume rendering, we reconstructed 3D morphology of GCT. The measurement index included pathological fracture, the degree of involvement of cortical bone, the volume of tumor, the distance between tumor and joint surface and the percentage of involvement areas of articular surface. On account of previous literature and above data, clinical score system of GCT was established. Its feasibility was testified by clinical data. Results A new clinical score system of GCT was established. It was named Hu-Chen Giant Cell Tumor Scale. Full score of the system was 12. In the 16 patients, 5patients whose points was more than 9 elevated by Hu-Chen Giant Cell Tumor Scale preoperatively were treated by wide excision and prosthetic replacement. The postoperative average MSTS score of 5 patients was 27, and there were no recurrence. The 5 patients whose points was 6-8 elevated by Hu-Chen Scale were treated by intralesional excision and structured allograft. The postoperative average MSTS score of the patients was 29, and 1 case underwent recurrence whose points was 8. The 6 patients whose points were less than 6 elevated by Hu-Chen Scale were treated by intralesional excision and morsellized allograft. The postoperative average MSTS score of the patients was 27, and there were no recurrence. Conclusion Hu-Chen Giant Cell Tumor Scale established based on digital techniques includes lots of factors which determined surgical strategy. The grating system is an effectively, reliable method in treatment of GCT.

Objective To investigate the association between left ventricular hypertrophy and peritoneal transport properties in Peritoneal Dialysis patients.Methods Sixty-nine Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD)patients were enrolled in current study.All patients underwent echocardiography for left ventricular mass index (LVMI).Transport status was categorized as high transport,high average transport,low average transport and low transport based on modified peritoneal equilibration test (PET).The data collected included hemoglobin,albumin,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,urea clearance (Kt/V) and creatinine clearance rate (Ccr),dialysis vintage,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure.Results Patients with high transport status were 41 cases,more than those with low transport status(28 cases).The dialysis age of high transport,high average transport,low average transport and low transport vintage were (39.2 ± 21.8),(26.6 ±15.6),(28.6 ± 14.4),(45.7 ± 35.0) years old respectively,and the difference was significant (F =4.128,P ＜ 0.05).The dialysis age in the higher transport group was longer than that in high average transport group and low average transport group (P ＜ 0.05).LVMI has significant positive correlations with D/Pcr at 4th hour,SBP and DBP (r =0.339,0.351,0.316,P ＜ 0.01) and the negative correlation with albmin (r =-0.292,P ＜0.05).Left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) in all patients was 63.8％,ant it was higher in high transport group than that low average transport and low transport group (x2 =5.455,5.091,P ＜ 0.05) Conclusion High transport status is the most common in CAPD patients.There is high incident rate of LVH in this population.LVH has significant positive correlations with D/Pcr,higher SBP,DBP,and lower albumin.

Objective To investigate the establishment of secure tunnel in fixation for the talar neck fracture when screws were fixed from the medial wall of talus.Methods The age of volunteers was limited from 20 to 60 years old,and the height of male volunteers was from 165 to 185 centimeters,while the female volunteers' height was from 155 to 175 centimeters.The body mass index (BMI) was less than 25.The volunteers who were not heavy manual workers or standing working for long time had no history of ankle or foot fractures,and there were no evidence of degeneration changes in ankle joints according to X-ray.At last there were 33 males in this study with an average age of 43.7 (21-59) years and an average height of 176.0 (168-184) centimeters.There were 22 females with an average age of 43.2 (22-60) years and an average height of 165.4 (158-172) centimeters.After the volunteers' ankle joints and feet were scanned by CT,the reconstructed images were stored in CD and the slice thickness was 0.75 millimeters.The SuperImageTM Orthopedics Edition1.1 software was used to display the images and perform three dimensional reconstruction.The height of talar neck and the height of tarsal canal were measured.The models that screws passing into tarsal canals were built.The maximal length and angle that screws were inserted in the middle 1/3 and in the inferior 1/3 of medial wall of talus and run along to two directions were measured.At last,the data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 software.Results The height of talar neck and tarsal canal had no significant difference between left side and right side in the same gender.The height of male talar neck was greater than the female' s.The models of screws passing into tarsal canals was gained.The length and angle in different insert points and different directions of screw fixation were also gained.When the screws were inserted from the middle 1/ 3 of the medial wall of talus,the angle of screw fixation was much wider than that when the screws were inserted from the inferior 1/ 3 of the medial wall of talus.At last,the safe range of the length and angel of screw fixation was calculated.Conclusion Damage of the blood of talus during internal fixation should be avoided.The middle 1/3 of the medial wall of talus is the most favourable choice to the fixation.Combining the digital technology with internal fixation for talar neck fracture could promote the operation' s security and feasibility.

Objective To explore the correlation of data obtained through three dimensional reconstruction and measurement of mandibular angle related angles and bigonial breadth.Methods Sixty cases of adult female head spiral CT data were involved in this study.By the three dimensional reconstruction,mandibular angle related angles and bigonial breadth were measured.Through SPSS13.0 software their correlation was analyzed,including among mandibular angle related angles and these with bigonial breadth.Results The related data of the mandibular angle were measured on the image of three dimensional reconstruction; the mandibular angle was (124.28-±-4.12)°,the mandibular elevated angle was (25.52±2.22)°,the valgus angle of mandibular angle was (9.35±7.85)°,the mandiblular included angle was (77.32 ± 2.34)°,and the tangent angle of mandible was (105.53 ± 1.79)°.The correlation analysis of the related angles of mandibular angle and bigonial breadth showed that there was a significant correlation between the angles.Conclusions Three dimensional reconstruction and measurement of mandibular angle related angles and their correlation analysis can provide theoretical foundation and basis for the preoperative design and effect evaluation of mandibular angle plastic surgery.

Objective To compare the effect of different gastrointestinal motility drugs on capsule endoscopy. Methods Seventy-one patients with suspected small bowel disease were randomly divided into metoclopramide group (24 patients), mosapride group(25 patients) and control group (22 group). The patients in metoclopramide group swallowed capsule endoscopy immediately after intramuscularly injecting 10 mg metoclopramide, the patients in mosapride group swallowed capsule endoscopy 15 min after taking 5 mg mosapride, and the patients in control group did not take any of the gastrointestinal motility drugs. Three groups had the same bowel preparation before checking. The finishing rate of small bowel examinations, stomach and small intestinal transit time, intestinal cleanliness and the detection rates of lesions in three groups were compared. Results The total small bowel examination finishing rate was 94.4%(67/71). The small bowel examination finishing rate in metoclopramide group, mosapride group, and control group was 95.8%(23/24), 96.0%(24/25), and 90.9% (20/22), and there was no significant difference(P>0.05). The stomach transit time in metoclopramide group, mosapride group and control group was(27.5 ± 20.7), (28.1 ± 20.9) and (52.3 ± 33.5) min. The stomach transit time in metoclopramide group and mosapride group had no significant difference (P>0.05), but it was significantly lower than that in control group (P<0.05). The small intestinal transit time in three groups had no significant difference (P>0.05). The image class scores in metoclopramide group, mosapride group and control group was (2.5 ± 0.4), (2.7 ± 0.4) and (1.7 ± 0.3) scores.The scores in metoclopramide group and mosapride group had no significant difference (P>0.05), but they were significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). The detection rate of lesions in metoclopramide group, mosapride group and control group was 45.8%(11/24), 56.0%(14/25) and 18.2%(4/22). The detection rate of lesions in metoclopramide group and mosapride group had no significant difference (P>0.05), but it was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05). Conclusions The use of gastrointestinal motility drugs before capsule endoscopy can improve the quality of inspection, and metoclopramide and mosapride shows no significant difference.

Objective To explore the effect of botulinum toxin type A(BTXA)in the treatment of early hypertrophic scars(HTS).Methods BTXA was injected into and around the eady HTS,and then the modal and histological changes of the scars as well as the clinical reaction were observed in the patient.BTXA was also injected into muscle around the incision and effect on the cicatrization observed.Results Injection of BTXA could obviously alleviate ache and pruritus of eady HTS and could impel the atrophy and inteneration of eady HTS.Changes were found in paraffin-embedded tissue section by the hemetoxylin and eosin(HE)staining.Injection of BTXA into muscle around the cut could can reduce occurrence of HTS.Conclusion BTXA can help prevent the early HTS to a certain extent.The mechanism underlying this effect may be related to the reducing the tension around scars and proliferative activity,interfering with the signal transduction of small nerves,affecting the proliferation and apoptosis of fibroblasts and subsequently decreasing the collagen synthesis.

Objective To estimate the excess relative risk coefficients of stomach cancer for Chinese population attributable to ionizing radiation.Methods The excess relative risk and excess absolute risk coefficients of stomach cancer were estimated based on Life Span Study by using risk models developed by BEIR Ⅶ committee (Biological Effect of Ionizing Radiation).Guided by transportation methods from Life Span Study to Americans,we determined that transportation method for Chinese population includes both multiplicative and additive models with a weight of 0.7 and 0.3 respectively,on an arithmetic scale.Besides,curve fitting was used to obtain sex-age-specific stomach cancer baseline incidence based on Chinese cancer annual report.Then,Chinese excess relative risk coefficients of stomach cancer were obtained by substituting excess relative risk,excess absolute risk of Life Span Study and Chinese baseline incidence rate into risk transportation model.Results Excess relative risk coefficients of stomach cancer for Chinese population are 0.26/Sv for male and 0.64/Sv for female,whose exposure age is 30 years old and cancer age is 60 years old.Coefficients increase with decreased exposure age and cancer age.Conclusions Excess relative risk coefficients of stomach cancer for Chinese population are by larger higher than that of Life Span Study,and their sex-age tendency are similar.

Objective To estimate the averaged excess relative risk(ERR) in Chinese population based on the radiogenic cancer risk of leukemia in Japanese atomic bomb survivor cohort,and to discuss proper method suitable for risk transfer between populations.Methods Based on BEIR Ⅶ radiogenic cancer model and population transfer model,and the 2009 Chinese leukemia baseline rates given in 2012 Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report,comparison was made of population incidences in seveal countries to adjust the weighting factors.Results The ERR of three subtypes of leukemia as a whole was obtained,and the weighting factors for risk transfer model was assumed.The additive factor for male was 0.2,and the multiplicative factor was 0.8,while the additive factor for female was 0.15,and the multiplicative factor was 0.85.Conclusions For the risk transfer between populations,weighting factor was adjusted as a whole to obtain the ERR value for estimating the risk to Chinese population.The risk transfer method suitable for Chinese population was obtained by using the incidence rate available for Chinese population to directly transfer radiation-induced leukemia risk to Chinese from Japanese.

Objective To explore the visinin-like protein-1 (VILIP-1) levels in the blood in the Alzheimer disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) due to AD patients,and also to explore its feasibility as a biomarker for the early diagnosis of AD and for the detection of progression of AD.Methods Fifty-eighty participants were included:20 cases for AD group,19 cases for MCI due to AD group,19 cases for normal control group.The level of VILIP-1 was tested by the ELISA method.Results The level of VILIP-1 in AD group was significantly higher than that in normal control group and MCI due to AD group:(9.0 ± 2.9) ng/L vs.(3.3 ± 1.7) and (6.5 ± 3.1) ng/L,and that in MCI due to AD group was significantly higher than that in normal group,there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.01).The MMSE score in AD group was significantly lower than that in normal group and MCI due to AD group:(15 ± 3) scores vs.(27 ± 2) and (23 ± 2) scores,and that in MCI due to AD group was significantly lower than that in normal group,there were statistical differences (P ＜ 0.01).The level of VILIP-1 was negatively correlated with MMSE score (r =0.463,P ＜ 0.01),but positively correlated with age (r =0.417,P =0.01).Conclusions With the progression of the disease,the cognitive impairment of the AD patient is decreasing.VILIP-1 increased in the blood of the patients of AD and MCI due to AD.It means that the blood VILIP-1 could be a new and potential biomarker for the early diagnosis of AD,and it may be clinical useful for the early diagnosis and effective detection of AD to some extent.