Help T cell 1/Help T cell 2 and some cytokines disequilibrium can give a suitable explanation for hypersensitivity and hypogammaglobulinemia in primary nephritic syndrome(PNS) patients. The disturbance of regulatory T cell(Treg cell) and Th17 cell can lead to correlated cytokines derangement, which explained the pathogenesis of PNS from another aspect. Refractory nephrotic syndrome can be effectively treated by rituximab followed the percentage of regulatory T cell increasing, which indicated that Treg may play an important role in pathogenesis of PNS.

Objective To investigate SCCmec types in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) carrying psm-mec.Methods We collected 165 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis identified by automated microbiological identification system and screened MRSE by PCR amplification of esp and mecA gene.Strains with psm-mec were identified by amplification of psm-mec,fudoh and p221 DNA fragment;mec,ccr and SCCmec typing was conducted by multiplex PCR assay.Results Among 138 strains of MRSE,29 strains were identified as MRSE with psm-mec,and the carrying rate was 17.58%.Results of mec and ccr typing by multiple PCR showed that MRSE with psm-mec carried Class A mec,but the ccr type had obvious diversity.Results of SCCmec typing showed that all strains with psm-mec belonged to type Ⅱ and/or Ⅲ SCCmec.Conclusion Clinical isolates of MRSE with psm-mec carry homologous type Ⅱ and/or Ⅲ SCCmec harboring Class A mec.

Objective To explore the establishment of peptide mapping database of Candida albicans ,laying the foundation for rapid diagnosis of Candida albicans infection .Methods 96 Candida albicans were collected clinically ,and its DNA was extracted . Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to amplify the ITS1-5 .8S-ITS2 gene fragments and restriction endonucleases were a-dopted to identify them .Surface enhanced laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry(SELDI-TOF-MS) instrument was applied to detect the Candida albicans peptide mapping ,and Ciphergen ProteinChip software was used to collect data automati-cally .The established peptide mapping database was verified by confirmed Candida .Results According to restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis ,96 strains were confirmed as Candida albicans .15 peptide peaks were captured by SELDI-TOF-MS chips .Five peptide peaks of them with stable expression were screened out ,and the similarity analysis software was used to estab-lish peptide mapping database of Candida albicans .More than 95% of similarity was found between peptide mapping of Candida albicans and established database ,while less than 50% was found between peptide mapping of other Candida species and database . Conclusion The establishment of peptide mapping database of Candida albicans provides a theoretical basis for the rapid diagnosis of Candida albicans infection .

The construction of harmonious doctor-patient relationship is an important project in social medicine .The influen-cing factors about doctor-patient relationship are analyzed from three aspects which are responsibility ethics , bottom-line ethics and clin-ic ethics.Based on the discussion , certain countermeasures are proposed to reconstruct harmonious doctor -patient relationship .

Objective To observe the therapeutic efficacy of auricular point sticking in preventing pain after perianal abscess surgery.Method Sixty patients going to receive radical perianal abscess surgery admitted by the First Affiliated Hospitalof Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine between December of 2015 and February of 2016 were enrolled and randomized into an ordinary group and an auricular point sticking group. Pain was scored at different time points after the surgery and the use of analgesics was also recorded.Result There were significant inter-group differences in comparing the pain intensity from 6 h after the surgery till 7:30 on the next day of the surgery (P<0.05);the between-group differences in comparing the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores from the 2nd day till the 7th day despite of the dressing change time were unstable(P>0.05,P<0.05); the differences in pain intensity at the dressing change were statistical significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Auricular point sticking can effectively treat mild-moderate pain in the early stage after perianal abscess surgery at non-dressing-change time, and it can also produce a satisfactory effect in preventing moderate-severe pain at dressing change after perianal abscess surgery.

Refractive surgery for myopia is a common operation and has been performed on millions of patients .Improved technology has increased the satisfaction of patients and physicians .Surgery must follow the basic requirements of medical ethics , to ensure the safety and best interests of the patients .The choice of procedure depends on individual patient indications and ocular exami -nations .Before the surgery , the opthalmologists must ensure that the patient understands the potential risk of the operation and has re -alistic expectations for the visual acuity postoperatively .

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of procalcitonin(PCT),C-reactive protein(CRP),prealbumin(PA)and white blood cell (WBC)count measurements in patients with severe pneumonia.Methods The serum samples of 34 patients with severe pneumonia,68 non-severe pneumonia patients and 40 healthy volunteers were collected.Serum concentrations of PCT,CRP, PA and WBC count of all samples were determined.Results The levels of PCT,CRP,PA and WBC in patients with severe pneu-monia were (24.07±34.77)ng/mL,(98.75 ±69.63)mg/L,(105.65 ±68.88)mg/L,(12.64±7.62)×109/L,which were signifi-cantly higher than those in non-severe pneumonia patients and healthy group(P <0.05).According to ROC analysis,the sensitivity, specificity and Youden index of PCT were 64.7%,77.9%,0.426.Conclusion The level of serum PCT could be used as good bio-marker for severe pneumonia.Detection of PCT,CRP and WBC together plays an important role in the diagnosis of severe pneumo-nia.

Objective To investigate the relationship between suspected ankylosing spondylitis and HLA‐B27 antigen by detec‐ting the positive frequency of HLA‐B27antigen in 872 suspected AS patients ,and evaluate its clinical significance .Methods The positive frequency of HLA‐B27 on the T lymphocyte membrane were detected by flow eytometer in 872 suspected AS patients .Re‐sults Among the 872 suspected AS patients the ratio between male and female was 1 .8∶1 ,the positive rate of antigen HLA‐B27 was 27 .29% ,and the male and female patients′positive rates of HLA‐B27 antigen were 32 .50% and 17 .95% ,respectively (P<0 .05) .The male and female patients′ expression percentage of B27+ /B7- monoclonal antibody were 39 .16 ± 42 .79 and 20 .96 ± 33 .86 ,respectively(P<0 .05) .The male and female patients′mean fluorescence intension of B27+ /B7- monoclonal antibody were 5 .35 ± 5 .44 and 3 .35 ± 3 .87 ,respectively(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The patients with AS are strongly associated with HLA‐B27 an‐tigen .Detection of HLA‐B27 antigen expression intensity in suspected AS patients with FCM is helpful to diagnosis and differential diagnosis of AS .

Objective To establish protein fingerprints of common bacteria in clinics and to lay a foundation for rapid identification of bacteria.Methods Strains of Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were detected by surface enhanced laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS).Stable expression protein peaks were screened and the data was input into the self-constructed Fingerwave software for identification of target bacteria by protein fingerprint comparison.Two hundred and fifty-six clinical isolates,including E.coli,K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa and S.aureus were detected and the data was compared with constructed database to evaluate its diagnostic value.Results The protein fingerprints including four common bacteia was used to identify the target bacteria with identification rate of 93.1％ (54/58) for E.coli,87.2％ (75/86) for K.pneumoniae,96.2％ (60/63) for P.aeruginosa and 96.2％ (51/53) for S.aureus,respectively.Conclusion Common bacteria can be rapidly identified by using the protein fingerprint comparison,which provides a powerful tool for bacterial identification.

Objective To investigate the apoptosis of cultured normal human hepatocyte HL-7702 cells induced by glycodeoxycholate(GCDC)and to explore its possible mechanism.Methods HL-7702 cells were incubated with various concentrations(100,150,200 and 250 ?mol/L)of GCDC.The changes of cellular morphology were observed under optical microscope.The apoptosis rate of HL-7702 was determined by Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining.The changes of HL-7702 cell intracelluar \[Ca2+\]i were determined with Fluo-3/AM load technique.The mRNA expression levels of Bcl-2/Bax in HL-7702 cells were analyzed by RT-PCR.Results Typical apoptotic morphological changes were observed after HL-7702 cells had been treated with 150 ?mol/L GCDC for 24 h;HL-7702 cells could be induced to undergo apoptosis in a concentration-dependent manner after 100,150,200,and 250 ?mol/L GCDC treatment for 24 hours.The apoptosis rates were(13.16?2.9)%,(20.3?3.0)%,(25.02?2.1)% and(45.02?3.5)%,which were markedly higher(P