Objective To study role of color Doppler ultrasonography in predicting the benignity and malignancy of the peripheral hypoechoic lesion of the prostate.Methods Seventy-seven patients who had peripheral hypoechoic lesions were detected with transrectal color Doppler ultrasonography.The black and white color ratio (BCR) in peripheral hypoechoic was calculated by color histogram and compared with prostate BCR.The amount of flow signal was considered increasing if BCR in the lesions was higher than 5% in their prostate.Results Transrectal ultrasound-guilded biopsy of the hypoechoic lesions revealed prostate cancer in 51 patients and benign prostate hypertrophy in 26 patients.The increase of flow signal was in 50 patients,41 of them were prostate cancer.For an increased flow signal within a peripheral hypoechoic lesion as a signal of prostate cancer,color Doppler ultrasonography has a sensitivity of 80.4% ,a specificity of 65.4% ,and a positive predictive value of 82.0% .Conclusions Color Doppler ultrasonography through rectum on blood flow in peri-prostate hypoechoic nodules with BCR account for their rich degree in malignancy and benignity differentiation.

Refractive surgery for myopia is a common operation and has been performed on millions of patients .Improved technology has increased the satisfaction of patients and physicians .Surgery must follow the basic requirements of medical ethics , to ensure the safety and best interests of the patients .The choice of procedure depends on individual patient indications and ocular exami -nations .Before the surgery , the opthalmologists must ensure that the patient understands the potential risk of the operation and has re -alistic expectations for the visual acuity postoperatively .

Objective:To investigate the effect of exogenous nitric oxide(NO) on the growth and proliferation of gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901. Methods:The inhibitory effects of NO donor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor N-nitro-L-arginine methylester(L-NAME) on the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells were analyzed by MTT assay. The changes of mRNA and protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) and caspase-3 were examined by RT-PCR and Western blotting. The cell cycle was measured using flow cytometry. Results:Compared with control group, more cells in the SNP group were arrested at G_1 and G_0 phases (P<0.05) and fewer cells were at S phases (P<0.05). SNP decreased the speed of cell-cycle progression from G_0/G_1 phase into S phase. SNP inhibited the proliferation of SGC-7901 cells and reduced the mRNA and protein expressions of PCNA and caspase-3. NOS inhibitor L-NAME reversed the effects of SNP. Conclusion:NO inhibited cell growth and proliferation, but accelerated apoptosis of gastric cancer cells.

Objective To investigate SCCmec types in clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis (MRSE) carrying psm-mec.Methods We collected 165 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis identified by automated microbiological identification system and screened MRSE by PCR amplification of esp and mecA gene.Strains with psm-mec were identified by amplification of psm-mec,fudoh and p221 DNA fragment;mec,ccr and SCCmec typing was conducted by multiplex PCR assay.Results Among 138 strains of MRSE,29 strains were identified as MRSE with psm-mec,and the carrying rate was 17.58%.Results of mec and ccr typing by multiple PCR showed that MRSE with psm-mec carried Class A mec,but the ccr type had obvious diversity.Results of SCCmec typing showed that all strains with psm-mec belonged to type Ⅱ and/or Ⅲ SCCmec.Conclusion Clinical isolates of MRSE with psm-mec carry homologous type Ⅱ and/or Ⅲ SCCmec harboring Class A mec.

Objective To explore the establishment of peptide mapping database of Candida albicans ,laying the foundation for rapid diagnosis of Candida albicans infection .Methods 96 Candida albicans were collected clinically ,and its DNA was extracted . Polymerase chain reaction(PCR) was used to amplify the ITS1-5 .8S-ITS2 gene fragments and restriction endonucleases were a-dopted to identify them .Surface enhanced laser desorption ionization-time of flight-mass spectrometry(SELDI-TOF-MS) instrument was applied to detect the Candida albicans peptide mapping ,and Ciphergen ProteinChip software was used to collect data automati-cally .The established peptide mapping database was verified by confirmed Candida .Results According to restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis ,96 strains were confirmed as Candida albicans .15 peptide peaks were captured by SELDI-TOF-MS chips .Five peptide peaks of them with stable expression were screened out ,and the similarity analysis software was used to estab-lish peptide mapping database of Candida albicans .More than 95% of similarity was found between peptide mapping of Candida albicans and established database ,while less than 50% was found between peptide mapping of other Candida species and database . Conclusion The establishment of peptide mapping database of Candida albicans provides a theoretical basis for the rapid diagnosis of Candida albicans infection .

Objective To search for protein markers in urine from patients with diabetic nephropathy by proteomic method and discuss its clinical significance in laboratory diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Methods This study included 129 patients with diabetic nephropathy, 61 diabetes mellitus patients, and 102 healthy volunteers. The urinary protein profiles were obtained using surface-enhanced laser desorption-ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) and Au Chip (ProteinChip Gold Array). The differential peaks were screened by Biomaker Wizard software and the decision tree pattern was developed by Biomarker Patterns Software (BPS). The model was blindly tested to validate diagnostic efficiency. Some differentially expressed protein was preliminarily identified according to the molecular weight as compared with mass spectrometry data of standard proteins. Results Totally 40 distinguished protein peaks(t value: - 9.81-24.52, P < 0.05) were obtained after comparing the samples between diabetic nephropathy and the control groups. The peak with m/z 66 916 was automatically screened by BPS to develop decision tree pattern. The pattern was blindly tested and yielded a sensitivity of 98.7% (78/79) and a specificity of 98.2% (111/113). After we compared results from diabetic nephropathy with those from diabetes mellitus, twenty-four differential peaks were obtained in diabetic nephropathy (t value: -6.95-14.45,P < 0.05). The peaks with m/z 4 008, 11 619 and 66 916 were automatically screened by BPS to establish decision tree pattern. The model was blindly tested and yielded the sensitivity(129/129) and specificity(61/61) of 100%. After we compared our results with mass spectrometry data of standard proteins, the four differentially expressed proteins with m/z 11 619, 23 529, 66 916 and 79 378 were supposed to be β_2-microglobulin, α1-microglobulin, albumin and transfcrrin. Conclusion The preliminary results suggest that these SELDI-TOF and Au chip have the potential application value in identification of protein source and early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy, and evaluation of renal injury.

Objective To establish protein fingerprinting identification model of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and to lay a foundation for rapid identification of P. aeruginosa by proteinchip golden array. Methods Sixty-four P. aeruginosa and one hundred and ninety-nine control bacteria identified in our laboratory were collected and divided into training and testing group. Surface enhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) and proteinchip golden array were used to detect the protein profiling of the bacteria. Data were automatically collected by Ciphergen Proteinchip Software and protein markers of P. aeruginosa were screened by BioMarker Wizard Software. Classification tree model was developed and validated by BioMarker Patterns Software. The model was blindly tested with twenty-nine P. aeruginosa and sixty-four control bacteria. Results Eighty protein peaks were detected between 3000 and 20 000, among which fifty-eight ones showed significantly difference between P. aeruginosa and the control bacteria (P＜0.01). By BioMarker Patterns Software, one protein peak ( M/Z at 14 045.2) was chosen to develop a classification tree model. The results exhibited with sensitivity of 96. 55% and specificity of 100%. Conclusion Proteinchip golden array has the potential for rapid identification of P. aeruginosa.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of one carbapenems resistant Raoultella planticola( R.planticola) isolate.Methods This is an experimental study.R.planticola was isolated from a patient′s drainage fluid from orthopedic department in November 2010 in Sichuan Provincial People′s Hospital.Minimum inhibitory concentration of R.planticola to 13 antibiotics was determined by using the agar dilution method.Modified Hodge test was used to detect carbapenemase .EDTA synergistic test was performed to research metallo-beta-lactamase.The genes coded the β-lactamase were amplified by polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) , including class A carbapenemase ( KPC ) , class B carbapenemases (NDM, IMP, VIM, SIM), extended spectrum beta-lactamases[ESBL(CTX, TEM, SHV)], and AmpCβ-lactamases ( FOX, EBC, ACC, DHA, CIT, MOX).Results The susceptibility test showed that R.planticola was resistant to 9 antibiotics.MIC value of meropenem for R.planticola was up to 32 mg/L.R.planticola kept intermediary to imipenem , whereas it was susceptible to cefepime , amikacin and polymyxin B.Modified Hodge test and EDTA synergistic test were positive in R.planticola.Class B carbapenemase (IMP) gene and two extended spectrum β-lactamases(CTX, SHV) genes were positive by PCR.The genes were conformed as IMP-4, CTX-M3 and SHV-12 by sequencing and compared with GenBank.Other resistant genes were negative.Conclusion IMP-4 was identified in R.planticola, the combined produce IMP-4 and ESBLs might be the main mechanism of R.planticola resistant to carbapenems.

Objective To construct mutant strains of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus epidermi-dis (MRSE) with psm-mec gene deletion and to investigate the function of psm-mec gene.Methods The drug sensitivity test and DNA sequence analysis were performed to screen out the tetracycline and chloram -phenicol sensitive clinical strains of MRSE , whose upstream and downstream sequences of psm-mec gene were identical to those of the Staphylococcus epidermidis reference strain RP62A.The recombinant plasmid pBT2-Δpsm-mec was constructed by using the fusion PCR and a temperature sensitive shuttle plasmid .After being identified , the plasmid was transformed into the Staphylococcus aureus RN4220 strain by electropora-tion, and then transformed into the selected clinical isolates of MRSE .The mutant strains of MRSE with psm-mec deletion were screened out and identified after homologous recombination .The differences in biofilm formation between the mutant and wild-type strains were analyzed for further elucidation the relationships be-tween the psm-mec gene and biofilm formation in MRSE strains .Results Three clinical MRSE isolates for the construction of mutant strains with psm-mec gene deletion were screened out and identified by using drug sensitivity test and sequence alignment analysis .The mutants constructed via homogenous recombination were screened out and identified .Compared with the corresponding wild-type strains, the three mutants with psm-mec gene deletion showed significantly decreased ability of biofilm formation , demonstrating that the psm-mec genes strains induced the biofilm formation of MRSE .Conclusion The Δpsm-mec mutant strains were successfully constructed .The psm-mec gene played an important role in the biofilm formation of Staphy-lococcus epidermdis.

Objective To establish protein fingerprints of common bacteria in clinics and to lay a foundation for rapid identification of bacteria.Methods Strains of Escherichia coli,Klebsiella pneumoniae,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus were detected by surface enhanced laser desorption and ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS).Stable expression protein peaks were screened and the data was input into the self-constructed Fingerwave software for identification of target bacteria by protein fingerprint comparison.Two hundred and fifty-six clinical isolates,including E.coli,K.pneumoniae,P.aeruginosa and S.aureus were detected and the data was compared with constructed database to evaluate its diagnostic value.Results The protein fingerprints including four common bacteia was used to identify the target bacteria with identification rate of 93.1％ (54/58) for E.coli,87.2％ (75/86) for K.pneumoniae,96.2％ (60/63) for P.aeruginosa and 96.2％ (51/53) for S.aureus,respectively.Conclusion Common bacteria can be rapidly identified by using the protein fingerprint comparison,which provides a powerful tool for bacterial identification.