Currently,although surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) is still the golden standard in treatment of severe aortic stenosis according to the guideline,transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is gradually becoming a common treatment for patients who are prohibitive or in high risk for SAVR.Recently,the valve manufacturers,including medical companies in China,are making their utmost to develop valve device,leading remarkable results achieved by TAVI.With the complications being controlled,TAVI displays promising future.It is likely that TAVI is expected to become a substitute for SAVR to treat patients with aortic stenosis or even aortic regurgitation.

Objective To evaluate the clinical outcomes of different flaps for repairing the soft tissue defects of heels.Methods A total of 26 patients with soft tissue defects around the heel treated modified propeller perforator flap,medialis pedis flap,or anterolateral thigh flap from March 2012 to June 2016 were analyzed retrospectively.There included 19 males and 7 females,aged 4-64 years (mean,38.1 years).There were 9 patients with posterior heel defect,3 with weight-bearing defect,6 with posterior medial defect and 8 with posterolateral defect.The wound areas were from 6.0 cm × 4.0 cm to 12.0 cm × 9.5 cm,while the flap areas were from 7.0 cm × 5.0 cm to 13.5 cm × 10.5 cm.According to the principle of flap selection,the pedicled skin flap instead of free skin flap was selected in order to minimize damage to the donor site area.Modified propeller perforator flap was applied in 13 patients,medialis pedis flap in 3 patients and anterolateral thigh flap in 14 patients.The flap donor site was directly sutured in 23 patients and a simultaneous skin graft was applied in 3 patients.The survival rate,appearance,texture and feeling recovery of flaps,complications,walking ability,and the status of donor sites were compared.Besides,postoperative functions of all cases were estimated according to foot scoring scale of American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS).Results All flaps survived well in 26 patients.The wounds of flaps and flap donor sites were healed at Ⅰ stage.A total of 24 patients were followed up for 12-36 months (average 16 months).The appearance,color and texture of the flaps were good.There was no ulcer in flaps or flap donor sites.The protective feeling of flaps was recovered and the feeling of distinguishing two points was 6-13 mm.Modified propeller perforator flap donor site was directly sutured,the wound of which showed a linear healing.There was no fat deformity or obvious scar formation around ankle.The skin graft of the medialis pedis flap donor site was healed well,without scar hyperplasia,rupture,or deformity of arch.The anterolateral thigh flap was healed linearly without scar,and the anterolateral skin felt slightly depressed.The muscle strength of the four biceps femoris muscle was 4.According to AOFAS score,the feet's functions were evaluated as excellent in 5,good in 16,fair in 4,and poor in 1,with excellence rate of 81％.Conclusions For different soft tissue defects of the heels,propeller perforators flap,medial plantar flap or anterolateral thigh flap can not only attain appearance reconstruction of the defects and good functional recovery,but also minimize the injury of flap donor site.

Objective To isolate and identify the Dengue virus(DEN)from the sera of patients with unknown fever in summer and autumn in Dushan and Xingyi areas of Guizhou province,China.Methods From June 2005 to October 2005.356 blood samples were collected from patients with unknown fever in Dushan and Xingyi areas of Guizhou province.The serum samples were inoculated on the C6/36 cell monolayers.After three blind passages,the cytopathie effect(CPE)Was observed.Identification of DEN antigen was earried out by indirect immunofluorescence assay(IFA)with the monoclonal antibody(McAb)against DENl-4 virus.The total RNA was extracted from the serum and tested by RT-PCR with the universal primer for DEN NS region.And determination of the RNA sequenee Was performed,and phylogenetic analysis was carried out.Results Three serum samples caused CPE and were proved as DEN2 positive by IFA,RT-PCR and senquence determination.The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the isolated virus strains had the closest relations with the systemic evolution of the strains DEN2-43 and DEN2-44.Conclusion DEN infections exist in the population of Dushan and Xingyi of Guizhou,China.

Objective To investigate the causes of severe H1N1 Flu with multiple organ dysfunction, and measures to reduce mortality. Method The data of the patient, who was diagnosed as severe H1N1 Flu and mul-tiple organ dysfunction syndrome in First People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University in September 2009, were retrospectively analyzed. The patient was male, 35 year-old, obese, high fever, sore throat, cough, progressive dyspnea, severe hypoxemia and hypotension. Effective measures were carried out, including protective lung ventilation, recruitment maneuver, vasopressor support, limited fluid resuscitation, appropriate corticosteroid, anfiviral plasma, anticoagulafion and antiviral medicine (Oseltamivir)in early stage and full dose. Results After one-month intensive care, clinical symptoms was improved obviously, oxygen pressure reached 74 mmHg without oxygen supply, CT scan showed diffused interstitial ehange. Neuromyopathy developed at approximately 3 weeks after the onset of H1N1. Conclusions H1N1 Flu can develop in healthy adults, and obesity is one of the inde-pendent risk factors. Effective measures should be taken as soon as possible to reduce the mortality.

Objective By means of animal study,investigated the gut barrier function in severe acute pancreatitis ( SAP),and role of inflammatory factors releasing,gut mucosa oxidative stress,cell apoptosis in it.Methods The animal experiment was done in the animal center of first people' s hospital,shanghai jiaotong university.Twenty four BALB/c mice were randomized ( random number) divided into two groups with twelve mice each group.The SAP group,mice received six intraperitoneal injections of cerulein at 1-hour intervals, the dose was 50μg/kg, then given one intraperitoneal injection of 10 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide ( LPS from E.Coli) for the induction of severe acute pancreatitis.The control ( sham operation) group,the mice received intraperitoneal injection of 2 ml normal saline for six times at 1-hour intervals.All the animals of each group were averaged to two batches,4 h and 8h after being operated respectively,to be anesthetized and adopted blood and tissue specimen.Then we observed the pathological change of pancreas and gut,scored it.We measured the blood value of diamine oxidase ( DAO),amylase and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).We detected content of malondialdehyde (MDA),superoxide dismutase (SOD),glutathione (GSH) and activity of xanthine oxidase (XO) in gut mucosa.We detected the casepase-3 activity and cell apopotosis by means of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) in gut mucosa,and conculated the apopotosis index (AI).Then using the PASW 18.0 software,we analyzed the data by anova and t-test,to make sure if the values were statistically different between the two groups and the mechanism of gut barrier dysfunction in panreatitis.Results At 4 h and 8 h after operation,the SAP-group-mice had significantly higher pancreas pathological score (P ＜0.01 ),blood amylase value ( P ＜ 0.05 ),gut pathological score and blood DAO and TNF-α value ( P ＜0.01 ),compared with the contral-group-mice.The gut mucosa MDA content and XO activity of mice in SAP group were significantly higher than which in control group ( P ＜ 0.01 ). The SAP-group-mice had significantly lower gut mucosa SOD content ( P ＜ 0.01 ) and GSH content ( P ＜ 0.05 ),compared with the contral-group-mice.The gut mucosa cells of mice in SAP group had significantly higher caspase-3 activity and apoptosis index than which in control group ( P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions In severe acute pancreatitis,inflammatory factors such as TNF-αwere waterfall-style released,induced gut mucosa suffer from ischemia-reperfusion injury,then serious oxidative stress developed in mucosa and activated caspase-3 pathway,inducing gut mucosa cells apoptose seriously,which was an important mechanism of gut barrier dysfunction.

Objective To investigate the role of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (IFABP) in early diagnosis of acute traumatic intestinal rupture. Methods The patients with suspected acute traumatic intestinal rupture admitted in our emergency department from July 2010 to June 2011 were involved in the study.Their blood samples were taken on admission,1,2,3,4,6,8,12,16,24 and 48 hours after admission.All the patients were given closely medical observation and therapy,and were followed up in aspects of their clinical signs and imageology according to the present diagnosis and treatment routine.Surgical procedures would be carried out as soon as the diagnosis of intestinal rupture was confirmed and the duration between the admission and the final diagnosis was recorded.All the blood samples were determined for the IFABP concentration by means of ELISA.According to the final diagnosis results,the patients were divided into the intestinal rupture group and non-intestinal rupture group.The changes of IFABP concentration and its concentration difference between the two groups at different time points were compared. Results The study involved 33 patients,including 11 patients with confirmed intestinal rupture (intestinal rapture group) and 22 without intestinal rupture (non-intestinal rupture group).The average duration from hospitalization to the final diagnosis in the intestinal rapture group was (7.0 ±2.0) hours.At all the given time points,the IFABP concentration in the intestinal rupture group was significantly higher than that in the non-intestinal rupture group (P ＜ 0.05 ).The IFABP concentration in the intestinal rupture group was ascended on admission,reached the peak one hour later and maintained the level till the surgery,while the IFABP concentration was relatively stable in the non-intestinal rupture group within 24 hours after admission. Conclusion IFABP is the index for early diagnosis of acute traumatic intestinal rupture.

Objective:To introduce a novel surgical technique for dissecting perforator vessels (orderly retrograde four-side dissection) in anterolateral thigh perforator flap (ALTPF) and explore its clinical outcome.Methods:Respective analysis of 94 patients who underwent reconstruction of soft tissue defects with ALTPF which were dissected by orderly retrograde four-side dissection between June, 2013 and December, 2016. After surgery, the survival of flaps, recovery in shape and function of the recipient sites, and the effect on shape and function of the donor sites were observed.Results:The size of ALTPF ranged from 7 cm×5 cm to 32 cm×10 cm. Ninety-four perforators were included in 94 ALTPF, which were 89 perforators of the descending branch of circumflex femoral lateral artery, 4 perforators of the transverse branch of circumflex femoral lateral artery and 1 perforator of femoral medial artery. The time for flap harvesting was 35-95(54.39±16.39) min. Success rate of perforator harvesting was 98.9%, only 1 perforator was injured and another encountered vasospasm during surgery. Three cases had vascular crisis after flap transfer with 2 venous crises and 1 artery crisis. All of the flaps completely survived except 1 that had a partial necrosis. The follow-up time was (12.91±9.17) months. No muscular weakness on donor sites was shown in all cases.Conclusion:Orderly retrograde four-side dissection of perforator vessels in the ALTPF has achieved less donor site morbidity, shorter surgical time and is safer than the traditional techniques. It is a reliable technique to harvest perforator flaps.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficiency of posterior tibial artery perforator pedicle propeller flaps for soft tissue coverage of the lower leg and foot defects.Methods From May,2008 to May,2016,30 cases with soft tissue defects of the lower leg and foot were cured by using posterior tibial artery perforator pedicle propeller flaps.The size of flaps ranged from 8.0 cm×4.0 cm to 24.0 cm×9.0 cm.Fascia flap was harvested in 5 cases,8 cases with deep fascia,and 6 cases with saphenous vein and saphenous nerve.The degree of flap rotation were from 160° to 180°.The donor sites were closed directly in 27 cases,and covered with skin grafting in 1 case,and with sequential flap in 2 cases.The shape,color,texture and satisfaction of the flaps were recorded during follow-up.Results Twenty-five flaps survived completely.The distal part of skin flap necrosis occurred in 3 cases and the wound healed well after dressing change.The distal part of flap necrosis occurred in 1 case,and free anterolateral thigh perforator flap was used to repair in the second phase.The complete necrosis of the flap occurred in 1 case,healing with scar after 2 months dressing treatment.All cases were followed-up from 4 months to 4.5 yeas (average 1.7 years).All flaps were smooth with a satis fied appearance and high patient satisfaction.Conclusion Posterior tibial artery perforator pedicle propeller flap which has reliable blood supply,less donor-site morbidities,cosmetic shape,simple operation and less postoperative complications,is an ideal method for soft tissue coverage of the lower leg and foot defects.

Objective: To explore the efficiency and effect of radial collateral artery chimeric perforator flap combining a vascularized fragment of the distal humerus to reconstruct thumb complex defects. Methods: 5 cases of thumb complex tissue defects patients admitted to Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from June 2014 to October 2018. The patients were all male and aged from 35 to 63 years (average age was 47 years). There were 2 cases of right thumb and 3 cases of left thumb. The skin defect area was from 16.0 cm×4.0 cm to 3.5 cm×2.0 cm, and the bone defect length was 2-3 cm.All defects were reconstructed with radial collateral artery chimeric perforator flap combining a vascularized fragment of the distal humerus. The sizes of perforator flap were from 4 cm×2 cm to 18 cm×5 cm, and the sizes of bone were from 2.0 cm×0.6 cm×0.5 cm to 2.5 cm×1.0 cm×0.5 cm.The posterior branchial cutaneous of the arm was included in skin flap. 2 flaps underlied microdissect to defat. After fixing bone flap and finger/metacarpal bone with Kirschner wires, the radial accessory vessels were anastomosed with the radial vessels and cephalic vein at the nasopharyngeal fossa.All donor sites were closed directly. Results: All flaps survived uneventfully. Kirschner wires were removed 4 to 6 weeks after operation. Postoperative follow-up ranged from 3 months to 4.5 years (average 19 months). All bone aps healed without union. Functions of thumb opposition and thumb to finger were all good. The hand function had excellent result in 3 cases and good in 2 cases. Sensory recovered to S4 in 1 case, S3 in 3 cases and S2 in 1 case. Evaluation of the appearance satisfaction of patients was 5 points in 3 cases and 4 points in 2 cases. Conclusions The radial collateral artery chimeric perforator flap combining a vascularized fragment of the distal humerus, which can reconstruct skin soft tissue and bone simultaneously, has good postoperative feeling and function recovery, and satisfactory appearance, and is an effective method to repair the defect of thumb complex tissue.

Objective To investigate the feasibility and clinical effects of chimeric perforator flap based on the descending branch of lateral circumflex femoral artery (d-LCFA) for reconstructing the three-dimensional tissue defect in lower extremities. Methods From May, 2008 to June, 2017, 79 cases of soft tissue defects with dead space were repaired by using a d-LCFA chimeric perforator flap, in which 33 cases of car accident trauma, 12 cases of chronic tibial osteomyelitis, 10 cases of plowing machine injury, 9 cases of chronic calcaneal osteomyelitis, 6 cases of falling injury, 5 cases of crushing injury, 3 cases of spoke injury, and 1 case of suppurative knee arthritis. These patients were accompany with different degrees of infection and dead space after radical debridement. The dead cavity was filled by muscular flap, and perforator flap covered the superficial wound. Recording the flap 's appearance, color, texture, osteomyelitis recurrence and the patient 's knee extension at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months followed-up. Results Seventy-five flaps survived without complications, and the donor sites were closed directly. All patients had no post-operative hematoma or secondary infection. Vascular crisis occurred in 2 days after the operation in 4 flaps, 1 flap had an arterial crisis on the second-postoperative-day, and the flap was necrotic after surgical exploration. The deep cir-cumflex iliac artery chimeric perforator flap was used for repairing. Three flaps with venous crisis during 48 h after operation, in which 2 flaps survived eventually after surgical exploration, and another flap was necrosis and repaired by skin graft. The followed-up periods ranged from 3 months to 30 months (mean, 9.7 months). All flaps had satisfied with appearance and texture. There were no osteomyelitis recurrence and any ranges of motion limitations in the hip and knee joints of the operated leg. Conclusion The chimeric perforator flap with d-LCFA merely anastomosed 1 group vascular pedicle can make the dead space be filled and cover the superficial wound simultaneously. It is an ideal option for reconstructing the skin defect with dead space in lower extremity, which can improve the quality of restoration of recipient site and reduce the damage of donor site.