The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of compound probiotics on milk performance,blood biochemical indexes,rumen fermentation parameters and nutrient digestibility of Holstein dairy cows in middle-and-later lactation.Forty-eight dairy cows with similar milk yield,days in milk and age were randomly divided into 4 groups treated with four different levels of compound probiotics as follows:the control group (0 g/d),group 1 (10 g/d),group 2 (20 g/d) and group 3 (30 g/d).The adaptation period was 7 days,and the total experimental period was 60 days.Results showed that:compared with the control group,supplementation of compound probiotics could improve milk yield and significantly increase the concentration of milk protein,lactose and total solids (P＜0.05);there was no significant effect on blood biochemical indexes (P＞ 0.05);compound probiotics could significantly increase the content of ammonia and microbial protein content (MCP) in the rumen (P＜ 0.05);the apparent nutrient digestibility of crude protein and crude fat of group 2 was significantly higher than other groups (P＜0.05);compared with the control group,the economic benefits of group 1,2,3 increased 2.28,4.80 and 4.09 yuan/d,respectively.In summary,dietary supplementation with 20 g/d of compound probiotics was the most effective method for milk performance,rumen fermentation parameters,nutrients apparent digestibility and economic benefit of Holstein dairy cows.

Adult ; Brain Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Ganglioglioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; metabolism ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism

AIM: To investigate the role of connective tissue growth factor (cTGF) in transforming growth factor-?-induced tubular-epithelial myofibroblasts trnansdifferentiation. METHODS: NRK52E cells were used and divided into several groups. The morphological changes were observed by light and electron microscopy (scanning and transmission). The expressions of cytokeratin-18 and ?-SMA were measured by immunohistochemistry. RT-PCR and Western-blot were used to detect the expression of collagen type I. RESULTS: Cultured with TGF-?_1 at concentration of 10 ?g/L for 3 days, part of the NRK52E cells developed elongated shape, loss of microvilli and apical-basal polarity, and appeared bundles of actin microfilaments. The addition of 10 mg/L TGF-?_1 neutralizing-antibody and 30 mg/L CTGF antisense oligonucleotides (ASON) almost completely blocked the morphological changes induced by TGF-?_1, only a little hypertrophy was observed. Cultured with 10 ?g/L TGF-?_1 for 3 days, the expression of cytokeratin-18 significantly decreased, and ?-SMA and collagen type I significantly increased. Treated with neutralizing-antibody, the expressions of cytokeratin-18, ?-SMA and collagen type I were almost restored. Changes induced by TGF-?_1 were not reversed by CTGF sense oligonucleotides (SON). CONCLUSION: It is demonstrated that CTGF as a TGF-? downstream cytokine mediates tubular-epithelial myofibroblast transdifferentiation. [

OBJECTIVETo search for an optimum method for testicular prothesis implantation in the treatment of testis loss.

METHODSWe retrospectively analyzed the surgical methods and outcomes of 53 cases of terminal prostate cancer and 4 cases of unilateral testicular torsion treated by implantation of testicular prothesis with the polypropylene mesh.

RESULTSThe 57 male patients all received testicular prothesis with the polypropylene mesh. All the patients were satisfied with the appearance and size of the scrotum after surgery. No scrotal hematoma, prosthesis infection, or autoimmune disease occurred postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONTestis loss is not a rare condition clinically, for the treatment of which surgical implantation of testicular prothesis with the polypropylene mesh can achieve both a fine tissue compatibility and a desirable scrotal appearance.

Humans ; Male ; Polypropylenes ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; surgery ; Prostheses and Implants ; Retrospective Studies ; Scrotum ; Spermatic Cord Torsion ; surgery ; Surgical Mesh ; Testis

Objective To determine efficacy of selective devascularization in management of portal hypertension. Methods The clini-cal data of 86 patients of portal hypertension in our hospital from Jan. 2010 to Aug. 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into the selective group and the nonselectove devascularization group according to the different devascularization ways. The postopera-tive liver function index and complications were analyzed. Results In selective devascularization group, the surgery time was prolonged (P<0. 05), the postoperative FPP was reduced (P<0. 05), and there was no difference in bleeding volume and blood transfusion cases (P>0. 05). The postoperative peak value of ALT and AST and postoperative pomplications in the selective devascularization group were low-er than those in the nonselectove devascularization group (P<0. 05). And patients in the selective devascularization group have a shorter hospital stay compared to the nonselectove devascularization group (P<0. 05). Conclusion Selective devascularization can lower free portal pressure more effectively, reduce incidence rates of postoperative early complications, and it is worthy of clinical promotion.

Objective To investigate the correlation of Bax and apoptosis in enterocytes of neonatal rats with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC).Methods Forty-eight neonatal rats (1 day) were randomly divided into control group (n =24) and NEC model group (n =24) by use of odd and even.The rats in control group were maternal breast-fed.The rats in NEC model group were separated from their mothers.To be given formula feeding,cold exposure after hypoxic-reoxygenation treatment.The intestinal tissue located at the boundary of ileum and caecum of two groups were gained on the 24 h,48 h and 72 h with which that all rats were sacrificed by cutting neck.Section of intestinal tissue were stained with immunohistochemistry to detect the expression of Bax and were stained with TdT mediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) to evaluate the apoptosis in each group.Results The integrate optical density (IOD) value of expression of Bax in the NEC model group began to increase on the 24 h [(1 005.06-± 11.96) IOD] and reached the summit on the 72 h [(3 340.66 ±68.72)] compared with the control group[(666.55 ± 15.77)IOD].A few of TUNEL positive cells began to increase with time dependence.A lot of TUNEL positive cells could be found in NEC model group on the 24 h [(15.04 ± 0.24) ％],and the apoptotic index reached the peak on the 72 h [(35.65 ±0.61) ％] compared with the control group[(4.73 ±0.04) ％,P ＜0.01]-There was a significantly positive correlation between the cell apoptosis and the ratio change of Bax in NEC model group (r =0.94,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion There is a significantly positive correlation between the cell apoptosis and the ratio change of Bax in enterocytes of neonatal rats with NEC.The cell apoptosis in enterocytes of neonatal rats with NEC maybe be induced by Bax.

Child ; Histiocytosis, Sinus ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Male

Objective To provide the endoscopic anatomic basis and anatomic parameters for endoscopic surgical therapy on orbital lesions , and to analyze the advantages and key points of this surgical approach .Methods Five fresh adult heads were used in this experiment .Endonasal thanslamina approach and endoscopic technique were applied to observe important anatomic marks while intraoperative medicalization of the medical rectus muscle was applied to observe the exposure and positioning of important structures and trends of the optic canal and intra orbit .Results Uncinate process was at the lower front corner of middle nasal concha; ethmoidalis bulla was behind the uncinate process , and ethmoidei sinus was reachable after an incision was made on ethmoidalis bulla;anterior ethmoidal artery and posterior ethmoidal artery were the important anatomic landmarks of the inner ethmoidei sinus;optic canal prominence , carotid artery prominence and OCR were the important anatomic landmarks of the inner sphenoid sinus; lamina papyracea was at the lateral wall of ethmoidei sinus , and orbital contents were approacchable after lamina papyracea was cut off ;inside orbit , the optic nerve was approachable through the gap between the medial rectus muscle and inferior rectus muscle .The ophthalmic artery of 9 out of 10 sides of the specimens was originated from the supraclinoidal segment of the internal carotid artery while the remaining one was originated from the cavernous segment of internal carotid artery .There were 7 sides in which ophthalmic artery was located at the inferior lateral of the optic nerve;there were 2 sides in which ophthalmic artery was located at the inferior of the optic nerve; the remaining one was located at the inferior medial of the optic nerve .Conclusion The endoscopic endonasal thanslamina approach can sufficiently expose the optic nerve and the structures in the medical space of the orbit.Uncinate process, ethmoid bulla, anterior ethmoidal artery, posterior ethmoidal artery and posterior ethmoid sinus are the important landmarks of the endoscopic endonasal thanslamina approach .Optic canal prominence , internal carotid artery prominence and OCR are the important landmarks for optic canal decompression .Ophthalmic artery , orbital branches , anterior ethmoidal artery , posterior ethmoidal artery , internal carotid artery are the important vessels . Medialization of the medial rectus muscle is effective to approach the orbital anatomical structures .

Objective To select and identify human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-A2-restricted T-cell epitope within heparanase(Hpa),and to provide aeademic bases for peptide-based immunotherapy with malignant tumor.Methods The Hpa sequence was scanned for prediction of the immunogenic peptides-based CTL epitopes using the HLA-binding prediction software SYFPEITHI and BIMAS.Ten the affinity of candidate epitopes to HLA-A2 was evaluated by T2 binding test.Acfivation of T cell was assessed by ELIS-POT and cytotoxictiy by lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)release assay.Results of the six predicted nona-peptides,Hpa(310-318,FLNPDVLDI)showed high affinity of binding to HLA-A2 and led to IFN-γ secre-tion in vitro.Furthermore,Hpa(310-318) FLNPDVILDI could induce PBMC from a HLA-A2 positive healthy donor to lyse specifically HCC-LM6 and SW-480 cells which expressing both Hpa and HLA-A2.Conclusion The nona-peptide Hpa(310-318)FLNPDVLDI may be all HLA-A2-restricted CTL epitope.which is capable of inducing Hpa-specific CTL in vitro.

To investigate the therapeutic effect and molecular mechanism of the main flavonoid components of Silybum marianum (S. marianum) on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), we identified nine flavonoids in S. marianum through TCMSP, PubChem database and corresponding literatures. The potential therapeutic targets of NAFLD were predicted by SwissTargetPrediction, GeneCards and Venny 2.1.0 platform, while the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network of potential targets was analyzed using String platform and Cytoscape software. Then GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed using David 6.8 database, followed by molecular docking verification using AutoDock software. In vitro, components with higher degree value in the "components-targets-pathway" network were chosen for further analysis. L02 cells were used to establish lipid accumulation model and treated with different components. Furthermore, the effects of four pure active compounds from S. marianum on lipid accumulation in hepatocytes were analyzed by oil red O staining. The results showed that the main nine flavonoids extracted from S. marianum contained 24 potential NAFLD targets. Several critical pathways closely related to NAFLD process were identified by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, including phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) pathway, type 2 diabetes pathway, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) pathway and insulin resistance pathway. The results of molecular docking further indicated that the core components displayed strong binding abilities with key targets respectively, and silandrin showed better binding activity as compared to other components. The results obtained from L02 cells showed that the lipid accumulation was reduced by treatment with isosilybin A, isosilybin B, silydianin and silychristin, while the activity of isosilybin B was better than that of isosilybin A. Taken together, we concluded that the main flavone components of S. marianum could improve lipid accumulation through multiple signaling pathway in hepatocytes, and this could be a potential new strategy for the treatment of NAFLD.