More and more research proved that CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells (Treg cells) play an important role in immune tolerance in these years. Known as a T cell growth factor, Interleukin2 (IL-2) regulated the immune tolerance induced by Treg cells. IL-2 sustained the activity of Treg cells both in thymus and periphery while it was dispensable for the development of Treg cells in thymus. In addition, IL-2 signal affected the function of Treg cells and maintained their competitive fitness. Therefore, CD4+CD25+ Treg cells and IL-2 formed an immune network to regulate the processes of immune response, immune tolerance and autoimmune homeostasis.

Diarrhoea is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries,it accounts for a large part of global disease burden every year.Water and sanitation are closely associated with the morbidity of diarrhea.The recent researches were reviewed in this paper,and the effect of drinking water,sanitation and hygienic knowledge on diarrhea was discussed.The incidence rate of diarrhea was likely to decrease as water supply and sanitation were improved.

A satisfaction survey carried out by Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital during the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, found differences of patient satisfaction between locals and overseas patients in consulting environment, outpatient procedure, quality of service, quality of diagnosis and treatment. The patient satisfaction of overseas patients was lower than locals. Especially noteworthy is the low satisfaction of the former for the hospital coloring, privacy in the sector, registration, vocal communication, patient condition statement, nurse attitude and service quality. Real-time improvement in these aspects of medical services has harvested obvious progress. Results of the satisfaction survey provided valuable reference materials for large-scale activities, and ongoing improvement of medical services in the long run.

Objective To investigate drug adverse reactions caused by Qingkailing injection,in order to provide a reference for clinical drug rational use.Method 2003-2008 Qingkailing Injection Case reports of adverse reactions collected from the Guizhou Province Monitoring Center Database was analysed descriptively.Result The occurrence of Qingkailing injection adverse reactions was not correlated to gender.The clinical manifestation was mainly for allergic reactions(305 cases,accounting for 35.59%)and systemic damage(417 cases,accounting for 48.66%).There were 652 cases adverse reactions occurred in 30min accounting for 76.08%.Conclusion Clinical physicians,pharmacists should attach importance to Qingkailing injection adverse reactions,persist in rational drug use and focus on the observation,after druguse.

Adult ; Efficiency ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Psychometrics ; Surveys and Questionnaires

A method for the analysis of five types of triphenylmethane dye residues in water was developed by using solid phase extraction ( SPE) combined with ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to triple quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry ( UPLC-MS/MS/MS ) . The water samples were extracted and cleaned with mixed-mode cation exchange solid-phase extraction cartridges ( MCX) . The UPLC separation was performed on a C18 column with a linear gradient elution program of acetonitrile and 5 mmol/L aqueous ammonium acetate ( containing 0. 02% formic acid) as mobile phase. Triphenylmethane dye residues were analyzed by mass spectrometry under an electrospray ionization interface ( ESI ) in positive ion mode with MRM-IDA-EPI mode. The calibration curves of five types of triphenylmethane dyes were linear in the range of 0. 02-20 μg/L, and the correlation coefficients were not less than 0. 998. The recoveries at spiked levels of 5 , 10 and 20 μg/L were in the range of 70 . 9%-101%, and the RSDs were 3 . 4%-11 . 9% ( n=6 ) . The limit of detection and quantification were 0. 42-2. 18 ng/L and 1. 68-8. 73 ng/L, respectively. The method was performed as sensitive and accurate, and also suitable for simultaneous determination of five types of triphenylmethane dye residues in water.

OBJECTIVETo discuss the relative association of soft tissue tension and cervical physiological curvature chang in patients with scapula muscle fasciitis.

METHODSFrom February 2012 to December 2012,29 patients with scapula muscle fasciitis were investigated. There were 10 males and 19 females with an average age of 27.77 years old (ranged from 22 to 40 years old). Routine AP and lateral cervical X-rays were done in all patients. Cervical lordosis was measured according to Borden's method and the pain point tension was measured by soft tissue tension meter. Finally,perform statistic analysis to bove data.

RESULTSLateral X-rays showed 9 cases were normal cervical lordosis, 18 cases were cervical lordosis decreased, 2 cases were cervical lordosis increased. The regression equation of cerical lordosis changes D(Y) and soft tissue tension displacement D0.5 kg (X) was Y = -15.069 + 3.673X.

CONCLUSIONThere is linear relationship between soft tissue tension and cervical physiological curvature change. With the soft tissue tension increases, the cervical lordosis trend to decrease.

Adult ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Cervical Vertebrae ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Fasciitis ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Mechanical Phenomena ; Scapula ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE:To analyze the chemical compositions of the volatile oil on the overground parts of India wormwood herbs.METHODS:The chemical compositions of the volatile oil of the overground parts of India wormwood herbs extracted by wet distillation were analyzed by capillary GC-MS method and the relative component percentage of each component was determined by GC area normalization method.RESULTS:52peaks were separated by capillary GC-MS and their corresponding compounds were identified.The main chemical compositions were as follows:?—Caryophyllene(8.245%);10,10—Dimethyl—2,6—dimethylenebicyclo[7.2.0]undecane—5—?—alcohol.(7.089%);6,10,14—trimethyl—2—Pentadecanone(5.199%);Caryophyllene oxide(4.808%),etc.CONCLUSION:This study can be served as a scientific basis for the further exploitation and utilization of India wormwood herbs.

AIM: To study the change of intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) expression in intestine tissues of mice induced by LPS and regulatory effect of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) on ICAM-1 expression. METHODS: Protein and mRNA of ICAM-1 were measured using Western blotting and RT-PCR respectively in intestine tissue of BALB/c mice treated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) or LPS plus SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK. RESULTS: Compared with control group, the expression of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA was increased significantly by LPS stimulation in dose- and time-dependent manner. ICAM-1 expression reached peak value at 12-36 h after LPS stimulation. 20.0 mg/kg of LPS could induce the maximum of ICAM-1 expression. Pretreatment of mice with SB203580 for 30 min could inhibit significantly LPS-induced expression of ICAM-1 protein and mRNA expression in mouse intestine tissues. CONCLUSIONS: These data highlight that LPS could up-regulate ICAM-1 protein and mRNA expression in intestine tissue of mice in dose- and time-dependent manner, and p38 MAPK signal pathway plays an important role in ICAM-1 expression induced by LPS. It suggests that inhibition of p38 MAPK might be a useful principle for the prevention and treatment of intestine damage of endotoxic shock.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the preparation methods of polyaspartate derivatives as drug delivery systems. DATA SOURCES:An online search of Elselvier,ACS publications and Springerlink between January 1990 and January 2006 was undertaken by using the keywords of "polyaspart*,hydrogels,micelles,complexes" to identify the relevant articles published in English.Meanwhile,Chinese journals full-text database were scanned with computer to search relevant articles published from January 1995 to October 2005,and the keywords were"asparmide,complexes,hydrogels,release" with language limited to Chinese.STUDY SELECTION:All the related data were analyzed to select those were aimed directly at the criteria.As for the arti cles in the same field,those published recently or published in the authority journals were preferred. DATA EXTRACTION:A total of 56 articles about the preparation methods of polyaspartate derivatives as drug delivery systems were collected, and 29 of them were in accordance with the inclusion criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS:Polyaspartate derivatives are new biodegradable and biocompatible materials.Covalent complexes, hydrogels and micelles,three main drug delivery systems of polyaspartate derivatives,exhibit good biocompatibility and conspicuous effect of control-release.CONCLUSION:With the help of the short synthesis route,simple manipulation,high production rate, the excellent biocompatibility as well as the better hydrophile,the polyaspartate derivatives are prone to reacting with other compounds for the modification.It is noted that the controllability of the control-release systems will be well improved through the researches of the influence factors of the degrading velocity and the new modifying method,additionally,the polyaspartate derivatives will be applied in the drug delivery field widely.