Objective To investigate the effect of Bunao capsule on learning,memory and antioxidative abilities of rats with Alzhheimer’s disease(AD)induced by D-galactose combined with amyloid β-protein(Aβ25-35 ),and provide experimental basis for the prevention and treatemtn of AD. Methods A total of 90 SD male rats were randomly divided into model control group,piracetam group,sham operated group,Bunao capsule(0.79,1.58,3.15 g·kg-1 )groups(n= 15 each).The rat models were established by intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose and injection of Aβ25-35 into the bilateral lateral cerebral ventricle.Then rats were given corresponding drugs by gavage in different groups for 8 weeks.The learning and memory abilities were meseured by Morris water maze test.The morphology of brain cells was observed by HE staining.The activities of glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and superoxide dismutase( SOD),and the malondialdehyde( MDA)contents in the brain tissues were measured by spectrophotometry. Results The target quadrant residence time was(20.39±7.75)s and(20.82±5.09)s in Bunao capsule (1.58,3.15 g·kg-1 )groups,which were significantly increased as compared with that in model control group[(12. 35 ± 6.95)s](P<0.01).Brain nerve cell morphology in Bunao capsule(1.58,3.15 g·kg-1 )groups was obviously improved as compared with that in model control group,and was close to that in sham operated group.The activities of GSH-Px and SOD were significantly increased,and MDA contents decreased in Bunao capsule groups as compared with those in model control group (P<0.01). Conclusion Bunao capsule can dose-dependently improve the learning,memory and antioxidative abilities of AD rats.The mechanism may involve upregulation of antioxidative enzyme activities and removal of oxidative products.

Objective To investigate the ischemic injury of hepatic cell caused by hepatic artery occlusion.Methods The hepatic artery was occluded in 20 dogs via operation,while the portal vein remained patent.Specimens were gained from the right liver at four time points:before occlusion of the hepatic artery,20(minutes),40 minutes and 60 minutes after artery occlusion.Each specimen was examined by HE and BCL-2 by immunohistochemistry.The gray scale of BCL-2 in HE sections was detected.Results Hepatic cellular injury was obvious 20 minutes after occlusion of the hepatic artery.Irreversible hepatic cellular injury was(observed) 60 minutes after hepatic artery occlusion.The results showed that the gray scale of BCL-2 at every time point after hepatic artery occlusion were significantly different from that before hepatic artery occlusion(P

Objective To explore the expression level and significance of the nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in renal tissue with calcium oxalate stone.Methods 20 kidney specimens were collected as the experimental group from patients with calcium oxalate stone who underwent nephrectomy because of stones in our hospital between January 2008 and December 2014;another 20 renal specimens were get as the control group from patients with renal carcinoma,the renal tissues were obtained 2cm far from the tumor and proved as normal tissue.Immunohistochemical detection was carried out to analyze the expression level of NLRP3,Caspase-1,and IL-1β in the 40 renal samples.Animal experiment:fourteen male SD rats were randomly divided into calcium oxalate stone group and control group.For calcium oxalate stone group we established an ethylene glycol method induced hyperoxaluric rat model featured by crystalline material within tubule lumens;for control group normal feeding was performed.After 6 weeks,all rats were sacrificed,and the kidneys were harvested for further experiments.HE staining and Pizzolato staining were used to detect calcium oxalate crystals within tubule lumens.Western boltting and RT-PCR was applied to detect protein level and mRNA quantity of NLRP3,Caspase-1,and IL-1β from tissue lysates in rat model.Results In renal tissue samples obtained from patients with calcium oxalate stone disease,we demonstrated that the expression level of NLRP3,Caspase-1,and IL-1β were above to the normal renal tissue samples.We established a hyperoxaluric rat model character with crystalline material within tubule lumens examined by renal histology with HE staining and Pizzolato staining.And we detected that the protein and mRNA levels of NLRP3,Caspase-1 and IL-1β were remarkably increased in the lysates from the hyperoxaluric rat model (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The NLRP3 inflammasome has overexpression in the renal tissue of patients with calcium oxalate stone as well as in the renal tissue of hyperoxaluric rat,and it provides a new thought to reveal the formation of calcium oxalate stone.

Objective To explore the normal values for two-dimension solid state high resolution anorectal manometry (HRAM) in healthy adult volunteers.Methods The healthy adult volunteers were recruited by advertisement and underwent solid state HRAM in the left lateral position.Anorectal pressures and rectal sensation were recorded and analyzed.Results (1) A total of 126 Chinese healthy adult volunteers (male:50 cases (39.7％);age:(37.5 ± 14.2) years old) were recruited in this study.(2)Mean anal resting pressure (MERP) was (71.8 ± 17.3) mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa).Maximum anal resting pressure (MARP) was (79.3 ± 17.8) mmHg,Maximum anal squeeze pressure (MSP) was (178.7 ± 52.8) mmHg.Anal high pressure zone (HPZ) length was (3.4 ± 0.6) cm.During simulated evacuation,residual anal pressure (RAP) was (63.8 ±20.5) mmHg,and anal relaxation rate (ARR) was (37.0 ± 11.5) ％.Rectal threshold volume for first sensation (FST),desire to defecate (DDT),urgency to defecate (UDT) and maximum discomfort (MDT) was (47.4 ±10.0) ml,(84.5 ±18.2) ml,(125.8 ± 28.5) ml,and (175.5 ±36.1) ml,respectively.(3) Compared with female subjects,male subjects had higher MSP [(211.0 ± 50.7) mmHg vs (157.5 ± 42.5) mmHg],RAP [(71.6 ± 18.1) mmHg vs (58.8 ± 20.5) mmHg]and rectal MDT[(187.0 ±36.4) mmHg vs (168.0 ±34.1)mmHg],but lower ARR [(32.1 ±8.0)％ vs (40.2 ±12.3)％],all P＜0.01.(4) MERP,MARP,MSP and rectal MDT were higher in young group (≤ 40 years old),all P ＜ 0.05.Conclusions These observations provide normal values for two-dimension solid state HRAM,which have significant difference between genders and different age groups.

Objective To assess the curative effect of percutem transilluminated with negative pressured on the potaried technique on the treatment of venous ulcer in lower extremity.Methods The clinical date of 300 cases involving 300 legs with venous ulcer in lower extremity,who underwent the percutum transilluminated negative pressured potaried technique using TRIVEXTM Ⅱ potaried system or the percutum transfixion surgical treatment from October 2005 to June 2009,were analyzed.Three hundred cases were randomly divided into potaried group and transfixion group.In potaried group,there were 190 cases involving 190 legs treated with TRIVEXTM Ⅱ potaried system.In transfixion group,110 cases involving 110 legs treated with percutum transfixion.The clinical indexes of skin infection rate and skin necrosis rate,shrinkage rate of wound area and skin depigmentation rate,ulcer healing rate and ulcer recurrence rate were calculated to assess the clinical curative effect on day 5,day 20,day 120 and day 360 after operation respectively.Results The rates of skin infection and skin necrosis were significantly decreased in potaried group compared with transfixion group on day 5 after operation (P0.05).Ulcer recurrence rate was remarkably lower in potaried group than that in transfixion group on day 360 (P

Objective To analyses the mutation of connexin30gene in a pedigree with hidrotic ec-todermal dysplasia(HED).Methods Blood samples were obtained from18affected and16normal individ-uals in this family.Mutation scanning was carried out by PCR and direct sequencing.Results A transition,at position on connexin30gene31(G→A),leading to a missense mutation(G11R),was detected in18patients,but was not found in16normal individuals in this HED family and in188unrelated,population-matched control individuals,which indicated that it did not represent common polymorphism.Conclusion A missense mutation(31G→A)in the connexin30gene has been determined in the pedigree with HED,which is probably one of the molecular bases of the pathogenesis of the disease.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the clinical importance of titanium mesh cage (TMC) in anterior instrumentation for scoliosis.

METHODSThirty-six consecutive patients with thoracolumbar/lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were treated with anterior derotation and instrumentation using autologous bone grafting and TMC for interbody fusion. The average age of patients was 17 years (ranged from 14 to 22 years), in which 5 cases were male and 31 cases were female.

RESULTSThe coronal Cobb angle before surgery, 2 weeks after surgery, and 13 months at the follow-up was measured as 56 degrees , 15 degrees , and 18 degrees respectively, while the thoracic kyphosis from T(5) to T(12) was 30 degrees , 33 degrees , and 37 degrees respectively, and the lumbar lordosis from L(1) to S(1) was 46 degrees , 56 degrees , 51 degrees . There were no death, infection, implant failures or collapse of intervertebral space. Intraoperative injury of lacteal occurred in one patient, but no postoperative complications happened. One of two patients who had pleural effusion was managed with close drainage. Exudative pleurisy occurred in one patient, the sympathectomy effect occurred in three patients who presented asymmetry of skin temperature and resolved in short term.

CONCLUSIONSCoronal and sagittal alignment can be well corrected and maintained with TMC in anterior scoliosis surgery, collapse of intervertebral space and lumbar kyphosis can be prevented.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; surgery ; Male ; Orthopedic Fixation Devices ; Retrospective Studies ; Scoliosis ; surgery ; Spinal Fusion ; instrumentation ; methods ; Thoracic Vertebrae ; surgery ; Titanium

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the treatment of patients with solitary kidney stones. METHODS: The clinical data of 22 patients with solitary kidney stones treated with PCNL in Peking University People's Hospital from September 2008 to June 2014, with the follow-up data of more than 5 years were analyzed retrospectively. Perioperative indicators, postoperative stone free rate (SFR) and incidence of complications were recorded. Ultrasonography was used to evaluate the long-term stones recurrence rate. Serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) were used to assess the long-term renal function. RESULTS: In this group of 22 patients, the average age was (50.3±11.8) years, with 10 cases of anatomic solitary kidneys, 12 functional solitary kidneys, and the median stone diameter was 1.65 (1.1-3.9) cm. All the patients had multiple stones, including 7 cases of staghorn stones. The median pre-operative serum creatinine was 104.5 (60.0-460.0) μmol/L, and the mean eGFR was (60.3±29.4) mL/min, showing no statistically significant difference compared with that before surgery. The mean operative time was (88.2±42.0) min, and there were 11 cases of single-channel and double-channel PCNL. The median serum creatinine on the first day after surgery was 102.0 (63.0-364.0) μmol/L, and the mean eGFR was (58.0±25.1) mL/min. The mean postoperative hospital stay was (8.7±5.2) days. In this group, 5 patients (22.7%) presented short-term complications, among which 4 patients presented postoperative infection and massive hemorrhage at the same time, which improved after conservative treatment, and 1 patient presented pleural injury and improved after closed thoracic drainage. Two patients (9.1%) developed long-term complications, and ureteral stricture occurred 3 months after operation, which improved after balloon dilatation. The median follow-up time was 6.2 (4.7-11.1) years. The median serum creatinine at the last follow-up was 104.0 (72.4-377.0) μmol/L, and the mean eGFR was (60.1±23.7) mL/min, showing no statistically significant difference compared with that before surgery. Renal function decreased in 6 patients (27.3%). Initial and final SFR were 72.7% and 100%, respectively. During the 6.2-year follow-up, 9 patients (40.9%) experienced recurrence of kidney stone. After stone recurrence, 13 lithotomy surgeries were performed, and the SFR by the latest follow-up was 63.6%. CONCLUSION This study had the longest follow-up time for patients with solitary kidney stones after PCNL reported at home and abroad. Ultrasound-guided standard PCNL was safe and effective in the treatment of solitary kidney stones. Long-term follow-up results showed that the recurrence rate of kidney stones was still high, but the long-term renal function was stable after operation, and some patients showed mild renal function decline.
Adult ; Humans ; Kidney Calculi ; Middle Aged ; Nephrolithotomy, Percutaneous ; Retrospective Studies ; Solitary Kidney/surgery* ; Treatment Outcome

AIMTo study the effects of TNF receptor blocking peptide on adjuvant arthritis in rats.

METHODSThe model of rat adjuvant arthritis was induced by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant. The TNF receptor blocking peptide was injected locally in the ankle. The ankle swelling, the pathologic changes in the ankle joint and the expression of IL-1 beta mRNA and TNF-alpha mRNA by peritoneal macrophages (RT-PCR) were observed.

RESULTSThe model of rat adjuvant arthritis induced by injection of complete Freund's adjuvant was similar to human rheumatoid arthritis. The treatment with TNF receptor blocking peptide for 10 days resulted in complete inhibition of joint swelling, a decrease in infiltration of inflammatory cell into joint tissue, an obvious alleviation of inflammatory pathological damages and an apparent decline of TNF-alpha mRNA and IL-1 beta mRNA of peritoneal macrophages of rats.

CONCLUSIONThe TNF receptor blocking peptide can protect the joint from inflammatory damage induced by adjuvant arthritis by suppression of TNF-alpha and IL-1 production, thereby alleviating the pathological injury of joint and controlling effectively the clinic course of arthritis.

Animals ; Ankle Joint ; pathology ; Arthritis, Experimental ; immunology ; pathology ; Interleukin-1 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Macrophages, Peritoneal ; metabolism ; Male ; Peptides ; pharmacology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference in clinical efficacy on lumber disc herniation (LDH) treated with Yaoyangguan (GV 3) between mild moxibustion under thermosensitive condition and that under non-thermo-sensitive condition.

METHODSFifty-seven LDH patients were selected as the study objects. Mild moxibustion at Yaoyangguan (GV 3) was applied for 45 min each time. Additionally, the conventional acupuncture was given, once a day, for 20 days. At the end of treatment, two groups were classified. A thermosensitive acupoint group (thermosensitive group) was composed of the cases with thermo-sensitization at Yaoyangguan (GV 3) and presenting for > or =4 times in the entire treatment. A non-thermosensitive acupoint group (tranquilization group) was composed of the cases without thermo-sensitization or the frequency of thermo-sensitization <4 times in the entire treatment. The modified Japanese orthopedics association scoring system (M-JOA) was adopted to observe the cases before and after treatment and 6 months after treatment in the two groups. The efficacy was compared between the two groups.

RESULTSAfter treatment and in 6 months after treatment, the score of M-JOA was apparently reduced as compared with that before treatment in the two groups (all P<0.05). The score reducing in the thermosensitization group was more obvious than that in the tranquilization group (both P<0.01). After treatment and in 6 months after treatment, the curative rate and remarkably effective rate were 89.7% (26/29) and 79.3% (23/29), which was better than 71.4% (20/28) and 60.7% (17/28, both P<0.05) in the tranquilization group separately.

CONCLUSIONMild moxibustion at acupoint under thermosensitive condition achieves the better short-term and long-term effects as compared with that under non-thermosensitive condition.

Acupuncture Points ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Treatment Outcome