Adult ; Biopsy ; DNA ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Glomerulonephritis, IGA ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult

·AlM: To investigate pathogeny and effects of surgery on paralytic strabismus.
· METHODS: A retrospective study was done in 46 patients with paralytic strabismus who underwent squint correction in our hospital from June 2010 to June 2013. Among 26 horizontal strabismus, the cases of extra rectus palsy was 16, internal rectus palsy was 10.Among all20 vertical strabismus, the cases of superior oblique palsy, superior rectus palsy, inferior rectus palsy, double elevator palsy counted for 7, 8, 2 and 3, respectively. Pathogenesis: trauma was 19 cases, followed by 10 cases that the causes could not be identified.Nine was congen ital paralytic strabismus, 8 o ccurred after nose or brain surgery. The surgery methods included rectus muscle recession, rectus muscle resection, partial rectus muscle transposition, Jensen procedure, inferior oblique myectomy and anterior transposition of inferior oblique. Statistical software SPSS10.0 was used in chi-square test between two groups, while the situation of paralysis eye movements improved by two methods in the horizontal strabismus group was compared with t test.
· RESULTS: Among all horizontal strabismus the rate of cure, improvement and inefficiency was 20 ( 77%) , 5 ( 19%) and 1 ( 4%) , respectively. Among vertical strabismus the ratio of cure, improvement and inefficiency was 15 (75%), 3 (15%) and 2 (10%).There was no significantly difference between the two groups ( P >0.05 ). The movements of paralytic eyes were improved. Two procedures used in horizontal strabismus, can improve paralysis eye movements were 3.76 ±0.91, 3.72 ±0.84mm, with no significant difference (P=0.93) statistically.
· CONCLUSlON: Paralytic strabismus in adults had complicated conditions. Choosing different operation methods in treating paralytic strabismus according to the degree of paralysis can result in satisfactory cosmetically alignment of the eyes and modify head position and diplopia.

The expression of specific genes in sex chromosomes is the basis of sex-specific membrane protein in mammalian spermatozoa. The gene expression products are shared among spermatozoa through intercellular bridges, however, the phenomena of male transmission-ratio distortion and sex ratio distortion proved that differential proteins exist between X and Y spermatozoa. In addition, the existence of sex-specific proteins was confirmed by the separation experiment of X/Y chromosome bearing spermatozoa and the detection result of sex specific proteins. At the same time, it was also confirmed that the difference of the sex-specific protein is weak . The advance of separation techniques as well as the integration and optimization among these techniques has made it possible to separate sex-specific membrane proteins in mammalian spermatozoa.

Objective To investigate the daily total fluoride intake in relating to the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in two villages in Jiangsu Province,in order to provide the scientific evidences for the control and prevention of endemic fluorosis.Methods Adults sampled from a high-fluoride Village,Wamiao,and a low-fluoride Village,Xinhuai,were surveyed in this study according to the fluoride concentration in their household shallow well.The average daily total fluoride intake from difierent sources and the skeletal fluorosis were investigated in each subject.Then the subjects from two villages were allocated into five subgroups(＜2.00,2.00～,3.00～,4.00～,≥5.00 mg/d),the relation fluoride intake and prevalence of osteofluorosis was analyzed.Results The prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in Wamiao Village was 31.06%(41/132),but no skeletal fluorosis case(0/35)was found in Xinhuai Village.According to the daily total fluoride intake,subjects with higher daily total fluoride intake tended to associated with a higher prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in a significant dose-response relationship(regression equation:y=2.624-6.855x+3.424x2:r=0.997).The benchmark dose lower limitation of daily total fluoride intake with 95% confidencewas 2.50 mg/d calculated according to this dose-response relationship,the reference dose(RfD)was 2.50 mg/d.In Wamiao Village a significant difference was also found between daily total fluoride intake in 41 subjects[(5.09±1.20)mg/d]with X-ray detectable skeletal fluorosis and in 91 subjects[(3.08±1.12)mg/d]without X-ray detectable skeletal fluorosis(t=-9.32,P＜0.01).Conclusions These findings indicate that the daily total fluoride intake has a significant dose-response relationship with the prevalence of skeletal fluorosis in an endemic fluorosis area associated with high-fluoride drinking water;and the RfD in this study was lower than that in the national standard of"Chinese hygienic standard for daily total fluoride intake(WS/T 87-1996)"(3.50 mg/d).

To reduce the risk of 3′-terminal mismatch between primers and template and increase the sensitivity of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection of variable region of DNA. Methods: A pair of special primer(WU,WD) was designed to amplify a fragment of HBV DNA P gene by PCR. Other 2 similar pairs of primer (MU1, MD1, MU2, MD2) were obtained by knocking off 1 or 2 bases at the 3′-terminal of WU and WD. (1) Special primers (WU, WD) and degeneracy primers(WU, WD, MU1, MU2, MD1, MD2) were used to amplify 27 samples respectively by PCR under the same condition. The sensitivity of each PCR was compared. (2) Using degeneracy primers, serum HBV DNA was amplified from 4 patients who were resistant to lamivudine. The PCR products were sequenced to evaluate the effect of the 3′-terminal mismatch of primers upon PCR. Results: (1) The sensitivity of special primers and degeneracy primers were 70.4%(19/27) and 85.2%(23/27) respectively (P<0.05). (2) The sequencing analysis of the PCR products suggested that the 3′-terminal mismatch of primers caused false negative in the PCR detection. Conclusion: When amplifying the variable region of DNA, the false negative result can be avoided by using 3′-terminus shifted degeneracy primers.

OBJECTIVETo analyse the polymorphism of squalene synthase gene and reveal the influence of squalene synthase (SQS) gene polymorphism on the catalytic efficiency of its encode enzyme in Glycyrrhiza uralensi.

METHODThe total RNA was extracted. PCR was used to amplify the coding sequences of squalene synthase gene, which were sequenced and analysed. The expression vectors containing different SQS gene sequences, including SQS1C, SQS1F, SQS2A, SQS2B, were constructed and transformed into Escherichia coli BL21. The fusion protein was induced to express by IPTG, then was isolated, purified and used to carry out the enzymatic reaction in vitro. GC-MS was used to analyse the production.

RESULTThere were three kinds of gene polymorphism existing in SQS1 gene of G. uralensis, including single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), insertion/deletion length polymorphism (InDels) and level of amino acid, the proportion of conservative replace of SQS1 was 53.94%, and there were 2 mutational sites in structural domains. The proportion of conservative replace of SQS2 was 60%, and there was 1 mutational site in structural domains. The production squalene could be detected by GC-MS in all the 4 kinds of enzymatic reactions. The capacity of accumulating squalene of SQS1F was higher than other SQS genes.

CONCLUSIONThe polymorphism of SQS gene was quite abundant in G. uralensis, which maybe the molecular foundation of the formation of high-quality liquorice.

Amino Acid Substitution ; Biocatalysis ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; chemistry ; genetics ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Farnesyl-Diphosphate Farnesyltransferase ; genetics ; metabolism ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; enzymology ; genetics ; INDEL Mutation ; Isoenzymes ; genetics ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Recombinant Proteins ; metabolism ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Squalene ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of surgical skills, anhepatic time and preoperative hepatic function grading with bacteria infection after the liver transplantation and identify the common bacterial flora involved for effective prevention and treatment of the posttransplant bacterial infection. METHODS;The clinical records of 31 cases of liver transplantation from August 2004 to August 2005 were reviewed and the collected data were analyzed statistically. RESULTS; Among the 31 cases, posttransplant bacterial infection occurred in 16 cases accounting for a total incidence of 51.61%, with the incidence of multi-system (or multi-organ) infection of 22.58%. The earlier cases had longer average surgery time and anhepatic period than the later cases, with also higher incidence of infection. Among the 19 patients with hepatic function class A before surgery, 7 acquired bacterial infection involving one system or organ, 2 had infections compromising multiple system or organ. In the 8 patients of hepatic function class B before surgery, 2 had single-system or -organ infection and 1 multi-system or -organ infection. Four out of the 5 patients with hepatic function class C before surgery acquired posttransplant bacterial infections, all involving multiple systems or organs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common bacteria responsible for the infections in these cases.

CONCLUSIONImprovement of surgical skills can obviously reduce the incidence of bacterial infection after liver transplantation. No evidences suggest the correlation between the incidence of infections (including severe ones) and hepatic function class A or B before the operation, whereas patients with preoperative hepatic function class C seems to be at higher risk for infection involving multiple systems or organs. The anhepatic time does not significantly impact on the incidence or severity of the posttransplant infections, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most common bacteria causing the infections.

Adult ; Aged ; Bacterial Infections ; epidemiology ; etiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Liver Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pseudomonas Infections ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Risk Factors

BACKGROUNDDelayed cure had been observed in recurrent cases after index ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF), however, its mechanism and incidence have not been elucidated in detail. This study aims to investigate the impact of different ablation strategies on the incidence of delayed cure and its possible mechanisms after trans-catheter ablation of AF.

METHODSOne hundred and fifty-one consecutive cases with highly symptomatic, drug refractory AF were included in this study [M/F = 109/42, mean age (56.0 +/- 11.2) (18 - 79) years]. Segmental pulmonary vein ablation (SPVA) was performed in 83 patients with the guidance of circular mapping catheter (SPVA Group), circumferential PV linear ablation (CPVA) was carried out in the rest 68 cases under the guidance of 3 dimensional mapping system in conjunction with circular mapping catheter (CPVA Group). Delayed cure was defined as that early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias (AF, atrial tachycardia, or atrial flutter) after ablation procedure was no longer observed during subsequent follow-up, and stable sinus rhythm was maintained > or = 2 months.

RESULTSEarly recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias was detected in 41 cases from SPVA group and 23 cases from CPVA group, and delayed cure occurred in 21.9% (9/41) of the cases from SPVA group and 47.8% (11/23) of the cases from CPVA group, more delayed cure in later group was observed (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, patients in SPVA group took a longer time to achieve a delayed cure [(27.0 +/- 18.0) days vs (14.0 +/- 8.1) days, P < 0.05], and presented more recurrent episodes [(3.50 +/- 1.08) times a week vs (2.42 +/- 1.11) times a week, P < 0.05]. However, recurrent episodes after index ablation were markedly decreased in cases with delayed cure from both groups (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSDespite of an early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias after index ablation of AF, delayed cure occurs in a significant number of patients undergoing either SPVA or CPVA. However, different ablation strategies place different impact on the delayed cure, more delayed cure is obtained with CPVA approach, and the delayed cure occurs earlier with this approach; the average recurrent episodes before delayed cure are also less frequently detected in CPVA group compared with those in SPVA group.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Atrial Fibrillation ; surgery ; Catheter Ablation ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy on tic disorders (TD) treated with local acupuncture.

METHODSThe entire data of 196 cases, of which, 114 cases in acupuncture group were treated mainly with local acupuncture and 82 cases in western medication group were taken Tiapride tablets orally. YGTSS method was adopted for scoring and assessing the clinical efficacy.

RESULTSThe apparent improvement was achieved in YGTSS motor tic score in two groups. The markedly effective rates were 90.4% and 84.2% in acupuncture group and western medication group, respectively (P < 0.05), without significant difference in statistics. The effective rates of transient tic disorder (TTD) in acupuncture group and western medication group were 100.0% and 83.3%, respectively (P < 0.05), which indicated that the efficacy of acupuncture on TTD was advantageous to medical therapy. The effective rates of three kinds of TD in acupuncture group were 100.0%, 88.2% and 84.2% separately, of which, the efficacy of acupuncture on TTD was advantageous as compared with that on chronic tic disorder (CTD) and Toureett's syndrome (TS) (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe overall efficacy on TD is similar between acupuncture and medical therapy, but the clinical efficacy of acupuncture on TTD is superior to medical therapy. Meanwhile, the efficacy of acupuncture on TTD is advantageous to that on CTD and TS. Hence, the intervention at early time can achieve satisfactory efficacy and probably prevent from CTD or TS.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Tic Disorders ; therapy

Antigens, CD1 ; immunology ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Humans ; Interferon-alpha ; therapeutic use ; Male